CN114016494B - Large-span underground space construction method based on open pit - Google Patents
Large-span underground space construction method based on open pit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114016494B CN114016494B CN202111236946.4A CN202111236946A CN114016494B CN 114016494 B CN114016494 B CN 114016494B CN 202111236946 A CN202111236946 A CN 202111236946A CN 114016494 B CN114016494 B CN 114016494B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/10—Restraining of underground water by lowering level of ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-span underground space construction method based on an open pit.A foundation layer, a bottom artificial water-resisting layer, a bottom water-guiding layer, a rectangular supporting dam, a reinforced roof, an upper artificial water-resisting layer, an upper hydrophobic layer, a normal drainage layer, a top artificial water-resisting layer and a top hydrophobic layer are sequentially constructed in the pit from bottom to top; the invention makes full use of the pit of the strip mine to construct, improves the space utilization rate, and has small influence on mine production because the space construction and the dumping of the strip mine are carried out synchronously; and a large amount of strip mine stripping materials are adopted, so that the material cost is reduced, and the dumping capacity of a dumping yard is not influenced. And the end slope of the strip mine is adopted for anchor point reinforcement, so that the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved, and the construction cost is reduced. After the refuse dump discharges, the refuse further exerts pressure on the anchor point, and the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved. The rectangular supporting dam strengthens the tensile and shearing resistance of the steel cable in the vertical direction section by section, and improves the stability of the reinforced roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underground space construction method, in particular to a large-span underground space construction method based on open pit mines.
Background
8204and the open pit mining can form a huge deep pit, which greatly influences the ecological environment and the geological stability of a mining area. At present, some exploration is carried out on the treatment of abandoned pits in China, and the published scheme comprises the steps of building the pits into geological parks or building buildings in the pits, and generally adopting an inner-discharge backfilling mode to fill the pits for horizontal or nearly horizontal strip mines. In fact, pit backfilling is the best way for the ecological environment of the area, enabling both environmental protection and regional geological safety. On one hand, the pit backfilling cost is huge, and the excavated huge space is directly backfilled, so that the space resources are greatly wasted. On the other hand, due to safety considerations, more and more important facilities are placed in the underground space, and the underground space is high in excavation cost and complex in process. If an open pit could be fully utilized to make a stable, reliable, usable underground available space, its economic benefits would be immeasurable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a large-span underground space construction method based on an open pit, which directly backfills the pit, has low backfilling cost, fully utilizes the available underground space, and is stable and reliable after backfilling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a large-span underground space construction method based on open pit includes the following steps:
s1: laying a base layer at the bottom of the open pit, laying a bottom artificial water-resisting layer on the base layer, laying a bottom water-guiding layer on the bottom artificial water-resisting layer, wherein the bottom water-guiding layer is arranged in a slicing manner to cover the whole base layer, the bottom water-guiding layers are in a group of a Sudoku structure, the central position of the middle piece of each group of bottom water-guiding layers is lowest, the slope of 1-3% is arranged outwards from the center, a drainage well is arranged in the middle of each group of bottom water-guiding layers, and a vertical lifting well is arranged at the position 5-10m away from the drainage well;
s2: building a terrace-shaped retaining wall as a rectangular supporting dam at the peripheral edge of each bottom water guide layer, wherein the length of a single strip of the rectangular supporting dam is the same as the size of the bottom water guide layer, the bottom edge thickness is 7-10m, the top thickness is 3-5m, and the height is 10-15m;
s3: except the position provided with the drainage well, a rubber support body is arranged in the space enclosed by each of the other rectangular support dams, the rubber support body is filled with water, and the upper part and the lower part of the rubber support body are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water drainage port; the height of the rubber supporting body is the same as that of the rectangular supporting dam, and the length and the width of the rubber supporting body are smaller than those of the rectangular supporting dam; filling and building a middle water guide groove in a space between the rubber support body and the rectangular support dam, wherein the middle water guide groove is communicated with the bottom water guide layer;
s4: arranging anchor cables on two sides of an end slope of the strip mine, connecting every five anchor cables to form an anchor point, connecting a steel cable between the anchor points at symmetrical positions on two sides of the end slope of the strip mine, and keeping the height of the steel cable equal to the top of the rectangular supporting dam; the steel cable is connected with the top of each rectangular supporting dam which is in contact with the steel cable, and pretightening force is added to the steel cable through the connecting points; in the horizontal direction, one steel cable is arranged every 3m, in the vertical direction, one steel cable is arranged every 3m, and three layers are arranged; sequentially placing reinforcing steel bar meshes from the lowest layer of steel cable, pouring concrete to form a reinforcing top, sealing each rectangular supporting dam, and pouring the concrete to the height of 10m;
s5: laying an upper artificial water-resisting layer on the reinforcing top, laying an upper hydrophobic layer on the upper artificial water-resisting layer, wherein the upper hydrophobic layer is provided with a gradient of 1-3% and is the lowest position close to the drainage well;
s6: normally carrying out surface mine dumping on the upper hydrophobic layer, laying a top artificial water-resisting layer at a position 15-20m away from the ground surface, laying a top hydrophobic layer on the top artificial water-resisting layer, wherein the top hydrophobic layer is provided with a gradient of 1-3% and is lowest at a position close to a drainage well;
s7: continuously discharging the stripped objects on the top hydrophobic layer until the earth surface, and filling the open pit;
s8: and opening a water outlet of the rubber support body, pumping water to the drainage well through the bottom water guide layer, and transporting the rubber support body out through the vertical lifting well to complete the construction of the large-span underground space.
Furthermore, a filter screen with the thickness of 1m is installed at the bottom of the drainage well, and a water seepage hole is formed in the wall of the drainage well.
Furthermore, the thickness of the bottom water guide layer is 5-10m, the size of the long side of the single bottom water guide layer is not less than 100m, and the size of the short side of the single bottom water guide layer is not less than 50m.
Furthermore, a reinforcing mesh is arranged on the outer surface of the rubber support body in contact with the rubber support body.
Furthermore, the adjacent rectangular supporting dams parallel to the connecting line direction of the end walls are combined and built into a whole.
Furthermore, reinforcing cables are connected between the two adjacent layers of steel cables at intervals of 2-3 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention fully utilizes the open pit mine pit to construct the underground space, and improves the space utilization rate. The underground space construction and the strip mine dumping are carried out synchronously, and the influence on the mine production is small. The top layer structure of the underground space is constructed by stripping materials from a large number of strip mines, so that the material cost is reduced, and the dumping capacity of a dumping yard is not influenced. The multilayer water-resisting layer, the water guide layer, the hydrophobic layer and the drainage well are arranged, so that the influence of an internal water body on space construction is effectively reduced. Anchor point reinforcement is carried out by adopting the end slope of the strip mine, so that the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved, and the construction cost is reduced; after the refuse dump discharges, the refuse further exerts pressure on the anchor point, and the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved. The rectangular supporting dam strengthens the tensile and shear strength of the steel cable in the vertical direction section by section, and improves the stability of the reinforced roof. The rubber support body is filled with water in advance to provide support for reinforcing top construction and subsequent solidification stability; after the underground space is constructed, the water in the underground space is discharged to enable the underground space to naturally contract, so that the underground space is convenient to transport from the vertical lifting well. The large-span underground space is constructed in a slicing mode, and one of the large-span underground space is damaged and does not influence the use of other spaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a base layer; 2-bottom artificial water-resisting layer; 3-bottom water-conducting layer; 4-a drainage well; 5-a rubber support; 6-rectangular supporting dams; 7-a middle water chute; 8-reinforcing the roof; 9-upper artificial water-resisting layer; 10-an upper hydrophobic layer; 11-top artificial water barrier; 12-top hydrophobic layer; 13-strip mine end slope; 14-anchor cable; 15-anchor point; 16-a steel cord; 17-vertical lift shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit.
S1: laying discarded strip mine stripping materials at the bottom of a strip mine pit as a base layer 1, wherein the distance between the upper surface of the base layer 1 and the ground is about 100m, laying materials with a good water blocking effect in the strip mine stripping materials on the base layer 1, compacting to form a bottom artificial water-resisting layer 2 with the thickness of about 5m, laying gravels with good hydrophobicity in the strip mine stripping materials on the bottom artificial water-resisting layer 2 as a bottom water-resisting layer 3, wherein the granularity of the gravels is 10-30cm, the thickness of the bottom water-resisting layer 3 is 5-10m, the bottom water-resisting layer 3 is arranged in pieces, all the bottom water-resisting layers 3 cover the whole base layer 1, the long side of the size of each bottom water-resisting layer 3 is not less than 100m, and the short side of each bottom water-resisting layer is not less than 50m. The bottom water guide layers 3 are in a group of nine-grid structures, the center of the middle of each group of bottom water guide layers 3 is the lowest, a slope of 1% -3% is arranged outwards from the center, a drainage well 4 is arranged in the middle of each group of bottom water guide layers 3, the drainage wells 4 are formed by sequentially splicing precast concrete pipes and vertically extend to the ground surface from the arrangement level, a filter screen with the thickness of 1m is installed at the bottom of each drainage well 4, and seepage holes are formed in the wall of each drainage well 4; and a vertical lifting well 17 is arranged at a distance of 5-10m from the drainage well 4, and the vertical lifting well 17 is communicated with the surrounding eight bottom water guide layers 3 to realize the up-and-down operation of personnel and materials.
S2: at the peripheral edge position of each bottom water guide layer 3, a reinforced concrete building step-shaped retaining wall is adopted as a rectangular supporting dam 6, the length of each rectangular supporting dam 6 is the same as the size of the bottom water guide layer 3, the bottom edge thickness of the rectangular supporting dam 6 is 7-10m, the top thickness is 3-5m, the height is 10-15m, and adjacent rectangular supporting dams 6 in the direction parallel to the end wall connecting line can be combined and built into a whole, so that the material is saved, and the construction period is shortened.
S3: except the position provided with the drainage well 4, a rubber supporting body 5 is arranged in the space enclosed by each of the other rectangular supporting dams 6, the rubber supporting body 5 is filled with water, and the upper part and the lower part of the rubber supporting body 5 are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water outlet; the height of the rubber support body 5 is the same as that of the rectangular supporting dam 6, and the length and the width of the rubber support body 5 are all about 5m smaller than that of the rectangular supporting dam 6; the space between the rubber support body 5 and the rectangular supporting dam 6 is filled with gravels with higher hardness and better hydrophobicity to construct the middle water guiding groove 7, the outer surface of the rubber support body 5 in contact with is reinforced by a reinforcing mesh to prevent collapse, and the middle water guiding groove 7 is communicated with the bottom water guiding layer 3.
S4: dense anchor cables 14 are arranged on two sides of an end slope 13 of the strip mine, the anchor cables 14 are connected with the stratum of the end slope 13 of the strip mine in a reinforced mode through concrete pouring, every five anchor cables 14 are connected to form an anchor point 15, a steel cable 16 is connected between the anchor points 15 at symmetrical positions on two sides of the end slope 13 of the strip mine, pre-tightening force is loaded on the steel cable 16, and the steel cable is kept horizontal and the height of the steel cable is kept equal to that of the rectangular supporting dam 6; the steel cable 16 is connected with the top of each rectangular supporting dam 6 which is in contact with the steel cable 16, and pretightening force is added to the steel cable 16 in each rectangular supporting dam 6 through the connecting points; one steel cable 16 is arranged every 3m in the horizontal direction, and one steel cable 16 is arranged every 3m in the vertical direction, so that three layers are arranged; reinforcing cables are connected between two adjacent layers of steel cables 16 at intervals, and the distance is 2-3m; from the lowermost layer of steel cables 16, reinforcing mesh is sequentially laid, concrete is poured to form reinforcing heads 8, each rectangular supporting dam 6 is closed, and the concrete pouring height is 10m.
S5: the material with better water blocking effect is laid on the upper portion of the reinforced top 8 in the strip mine stripping object, an upper artificial water-resisting layer 9 with the thickness of about 5m is formed after compaction, the sandstone with better hydrophobicity in the strip mine stripping object is laid on the upper artificial water-resisting layer 9 and serves as an upper hydrophobic layer 10, the upper hydrophobic layer 10 is provided with a gradient of 1-3%, the position close to the drainage well 4 is lowest, and water in the upper hydrophobic layer 10 can flow into the drainage well 4 through the seepage holes in the wall of the drainage well 4.
S6: normally carrying out open pit dumping on the upper part of the upper hydrophobic layer 10, paving materials with better water blocking effect in the open pit strippings at a position 15-20m away from the ground surface, compacting to form a top artificial water-resisting layer 11 with the thickness of about 5m, paving gravels with better hydrophobicity on the upper part of the top artificial water-resisting layer 11 to serve as the top hydrophobic layer 12, setting the gradient of 1-3% on the top hydrophobic layer 12, leading the position close to the drainage well 4 to be the lowest, and leading water in the top hydrophobic layer 12 to flow into the drainage well 4 through water seepage holes on the wall of the drainage well 4.
S7: the strip continues to be discarded on the top hydrophobic layer 12 to the surface, filling the open pit.
S8: and (3) opening a water outlet of the rubber support body 5, pumping water from the bottom water guide layer 3 to the drainage well 4, and transporting the rubber support body 5 out through the vertical lifting well 17 to complete the construction of the large-span underground space.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-span underground space construction method based on an open pit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: laying a foundation layer (1) at the bottom of an open pit, laying a bottom artificial water-resisting layer (2) on the foundation layer (1), laying a bottom water-conducting layer (3) on the bottom artificial water-resisting layer (2), arranging and covering the whole foundation layer (1) by pieces of the bottom water-conducting layer (3), wherein the bottom water-conducting layers (3) are in a group of a Sudoku structure, the center of the middle piece of each group of the bottom water-conducting layers (3) is lowest, a slope of 1-3% is arranged outwards from the center, a drainage well (4) is arranged in the middle of each group of the bottom water-conducting layers (3), and a vertical lifting well (17) is arranged at a position 5-10m away from the drainage well (4);
s2: building a terrace-shaped retaining wall as a rectangular supporting dam (6) at the peripheral edge of each bottom water guide layer (3), wherein the length of a single strip of the rectangular supporting dam (6) is the same as the size of the bottom water guide layer (3), the bottom edge thickness is 7-10m, the top thickness is 3-5m, and the height is 10-15m;
s3: except the position provided with the drainage well (4), a rubber supporting body (5) is placed in a space enclosed by each rectangular supporting dam (6), the rubber supporting body (5) is filled with water, and the upper part and the lower part of the rubber supporting body (5) are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water drainage port; the height of the rubber support body (5) is the same as that of the rectangular supporting dam (6), and the length and the width of the rubber support body (5) are smaller than those of the rectangular supporting dam (6); a middle water guide groove (7) is filled and constructed in the space between the rubber support body (5) and the rectangular support dam (6), and the middle water guide groove (7) is communicated with the bottom water guide layer (3);
s4: anchor cables (14) are arranged on two sides of an end slope (13) of the strip mine, every five anchor cables (14) are connected to form an anchor point (15), a steel cable (16) is connected between the anchor points (15) at symmetrical positions on two sides of the end slope (13) of the strip mine, and the height of the steel cable (16) is equal to that of the rectangular supporting dam (6); the steel cable (16) is connected with the top of each rectangular supporting dam (6) which is in contact with the steel cable (16), and supporting force and pretightening force are added to the steel cable (16) through the connecting points; one steel cable (16) is arranged every 3m in the horizontal direction, and one layer of steel cable (16) is arranged every 3m in the vertical direction, so that three layers are arranged; sequentially placing reinforcing meshes from the lowest layer of steel cables (16), pouring concrete to form a reinforcing top (8), closing each rectangular supporting dam (6), and pouring the concrete to the height of 10m;
s5: an upper artificial water-resisting layer (9) is laid on the reinforcing top (8), an upper hydrophobic layer (10) is laid on the upper artificial water-resisting layer (9), the gradient of the upper hydrophobic layer (10) is 1-3%, and the position close to the drainage well (4) is the lowest;
s6: normally carrying out open pit mine dumping on the upper part of the upper-layer hydrophobic layer (10), laying a top-layer artificial water-resisting layer (11) at a position 15-20m away from the ground surface, laying a top-layer hydrophobic layer (12) on the upper part of the top-layer artificial water-resisting layer (11), wherein the top-layer hydrophobic layer is 1-3% in gradient and the position close to the drainage well (4) is the lowest;
s7: continuously discharging the stripped objects on the top hydrophobic layer (12) until the surface of the ground, and filling the open pit;
s8: and (3) opening a water outlet of the rubber support body (5), infiltrating water to the drainage well (4) through the bottom water guide layer (3) and then pumping out, and transporting out the rubber support body (5) through the vertical lifting well (17) to complete the construction of the large-span underground space.
2. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: a filter screen with the thickness of 1m is arranged at the bottom of the drainage well (4), and a water seepage hole is formed in the wall of the drainage well (4).
3. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the bottom water guide layer (3) is 5-10m, the long side size of the single bottom water guide layer (3) is not less than 100m, and the short side size is not less than 50m.
4. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on open pit mines according to claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the rubber support body (5) in contact with the steel bar net is provided with the steel bar net.
5. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: and the adjacent rectangular supporting dams (6) parallel to the end wall connecting line direction are merged and built into a whole.
6. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: and reinforcing cables are connected between the two adjacent steel cables (16) at intervals of 2-3 m.
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