CN114016494A - Large-span underground space construction method based on open pit - Google Patents
Large-span underground space construction method based on open pit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114016494A CN114016494A CN202111236946.4A CN202111236946A CN114016494A CN 114016494 A CN114016494 A CN 114016494A CN 202111236946 A CN202111236946 A CN 202111236946A CN 114016494 A CN114016494 A CN 114016494A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/10—Restraining of underground water by lowering level of ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-span underground space construction method based on an open pit.A foundation layer, a bottom artificial water-resisting layer, a bottom water-guiding layer, a rectangular supporting dam, a reinforced roof, an upper artificial water-resisting layer, an upper hydrophobic layer, a normal drainage layer, a top artificial water-resisting layer and a top hydrophobic layer are sequentially constructed in the pit from bottom to top; the invention makes full use of the pit of the strip mine to construct, improves the space utilization rate, and has small influence on mine production because the space construction and the dumping of the strip mine are carried out synchronously; and a large amount of strip mine stripping materials are adopted, so that the material cost is reduced, and the dumping capacity of a dumping yard is not influenced. And the end slope of the strip mine is adopted for anchoring and reinforcing, so that the tensile strength of the anchoring point is improved, and the construction cost is reduced. After the refuse dump discharges, the refuse further exerts pressure on the anchor point, and the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved. The rectangular supporting dam strengthens the tensile and shearing resistance of the steel cable in the vertical direction section by section, and improves the stability of the reinforced roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underground space construction method, in particular to a large-span underground space construction method based on open pit mines.
Background
the mining of the strip mine can form a huge pit, which has great influence on the ecological environment and the geological stability of the mining area. At present, some exploration is carried out on the treatment of abandoned pits in China, and the published scheme comprises the steps of building the pits into geological parks or building buildings in the pits, and generally adopting an inner-discharge backfilling mode to fill the pits for horizontal or nearly horizontal strip mines. In fact, pit backfilling is the best way for the ecological environment of the area, enabling both environmental protection and regional geological safety. On one hand, the pit backfilling cost is huge, and the excavated huge space is directly backfilled, so that the space resources are greatly wasted. On the other hand, due to safety considerations, more and more important facilities are placed in the underground space, and the underground space is high in excavation cost and complex in process. If an open pit could be fully utilized to make a stable, reliable, usable underground available space, its economic benefits would be immeasurable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a large-span underground space construction method based on an open pit, which directly backfills the pit, has low backfilling cost, fully utilizes the available underground space, and is stable and reliable after backfilling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a large-span underground space construction method based on open pit includes the following steps:
s1: laying a base layer at the bottom of the open pit, laying a bottom artificial water-resisting layer on the base layer, laying a bottom water-guiding layer on the bottom artificial water-resisting layer, arranging the bottom water-guiding layer in a manner of covering the whole base layer in a slicing manner, arranging the bottom water-guiding layers into a group by adopting a nine-square grid structure, arranging a central part of the middle part of each group of bottom water-guiding layers to be the lowest, arranging a slope of 1-3% from the center to the outside, arranging a drainage well in the middle of each group of bottom water-guiding layers, and arranging a vertical lifting well at a position 5-10m away from the drainage well;
s2: building a terrace-shaped retaining wall as a rectangular supporting dam at the peripheral edge of each bottom water guide layer, wherein the length of a single strip of the rectangular supporting dam is the same as the size of the bottom water guide layer, the bottom edge thickness is 7-10m, the top thickness is 3-5m, and the height is 10-15 m;
s3: except the position provided with the drainage well, a rubber support body is arranged in the space enclosed by each of the other rectangular support dams, the rubber support body is filled with water, and the upper part and the lower part of the rubber support body are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water drainage port; the height of the rubber supporting body is the same as that of the rectangular supporting dam, and the length and the width of the rubber supporting body are smaller than those of the rectangular supporting dam; filling and building a middle water guide groove in a space between the rubber support body and the rectangular support dam, wherein the middle water guide groove is communicated with the bottom water guide layer;
s4: arranging anchor cables on two sides of an end slope of the strip mine, connecting every five anchor cables to form an anchor point, connecting a steel cable between anchor points at symmetrical positions on two sides of the end slope of the strip mine, and keeping the height of the steel cable equal to that of the rectangular supporting dam; the steel cable is connected with the top of each rectangular supporting dam in contact, and pretightening force is added to the steel cable through the connecting point; in the horizontal direction, one steel cable is arranged every 3m, in the vertical direction, one steel cable is arranged every 3m, and three layers are arranged; sequentially placing reinforcing steel bar meshes from the lowest layer of steel cable, pouring concrete to form a reinforcing top, sealing each rectangular supporting dam, and pouring the concrete to the height of 10 m;
s5: laying an upper artificial water-resisting layer on the reinforcing top, laying an upper hydrophobic layer on the upper artificial water-resisting layer, wherein the upper hydrophobic layer is provided with a gradient of 1-3% and is the lowest position close to the drainage well;
s6: normally carrying out surface mine dumping on the upper hydrophobic layer, laying a top artificial water-resisting layer at a position 15-20m away from the ground surface, laying a top hydrophobic layer on the top artificial water-resisting layer, wherein the top hydrophobic layer is provided with a gradient of 1-3% and is lowest at a position close to a drainage well;
s7: continuously discharging the stripped objects on the top hydrophobic layer until the surface of the ground, and filling the open pit;
s8: and opening a water outlet of the rubber support body, pumping water to the drainage well through the bottom water guide layer, and transporting out the rubber support body through the vertical lifting well to complete the construction of the large-span underground space.
Furthermore, a filter screen with the thickness of 1m is installed at the bottom of the drainage well, and a water seepage hole is formed in the wall of the drainage well.
Furthermore, the thickness of the bottom water guide layer is 5-10m, the size of the long side of the single bottom water guide layer is not less than 100m, and the size of the short side of the single bottom water guide layer is not less than 50 m.
Furthermore, a reinforcing mesh is arranged on the outer surface of the rubber support body in contact with the rubber support body.
Furthermore, the adjacent rectangular supporting dams parallel to the end wall connecting line direction are merged and built into a whole.
Furthermore, reinforcing cables are connected between the two adjacent layers of steel cables at intervals of 2-3 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention fully utilizes the open pit mine pit to construct the underground space, and improves the space utilization rate. The underground space construction and the strip mine dumping are carried out synchronously, and the influence on the mine production is small. The top layer structure of the underground space is constructed by stripping materials from a large number of strip mines, so that the material cost is reduced, and the dumping capacity of a dumping yard is not influenced. The multilayer water-resisting layer, the water guide layer, the hydrophobic layer and the drainage well are arranged, so that the influence of the internal water body on the space construction is effectively reduced. Anchor point reinforcement is carried out by adopting the end slope of the strip mine, so that the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved, and the construction cost is reduced; after the refuse dump discharges, the refuse further exerts pressure on the anchor point, and the tensile strength of the anchor point is improved. The rectangular supporting dam strengthens the tensile and shear strength of the steel cable in the vertical direction section by section, and improves the stability of the reinforced roof. The rubber support body is filled with water in advance to provide support for reinforcing top construction and subsequent solidification stability; after the underground space is constructed, the water inside the underground space is discharged to enable the underground space to naturally contract, so that the underground space is convenient to transport from the vertical lifting well. The large-span underground space is constructed in a slicing mode, and one of the large-span underground space is damaged and does not influence the use of other spaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a base layer; 2-bottom artificial water-resisting layer; 3-bottom water-conducting layer; 4-a drainage well; 5-a rubber support; 6-rectangular supporting dams; 7-a middle water chute; 8-reinforcing the roof; 9-upper artificial water-resisting layer; 10-an upper hydrophobic layer; 11-top artificial water barrier; 12-top hydrophobic layer; 13-strip mine end slope; 14-anchor cable; 15-anchor point; 16-a steel cord; 17-vertical elevator shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit.
S1: laying discarded strip materials of strip mines at the bottom of a strip mine pit as a base layer 1, wherein the upper surface of the base layer 1 is about 100m away from the ground surface, laying materials with good water blocking effect in strip mine strips on the base layer 1, compacting to form a bottom artificial water-resisting layer 2 with the thickness of about 5m, laying gravels with good hydrophobicity in the strip mine strips on the bottom artificial water-resisting layer 2 as a bottom water-resisting layer 3, wherein the granularity of the gravels is 10-30cm, the thickness of the bottom water-resisting layer 3 is 5-10m, the bottom water-resisting layer 3 is arranged in a slicing mode, all the bottom water-resisting layers 3 cover the whole base layer 1, the long side of the size of each piece of bottom water-resisting layer 3 is not less than 100m, and the short side of each piece of bottom water-resisting layer 3 is not less than 50 m. The bottom water guide layers 3 are in a group of nine-grid structures, the center of the middle of each group of bottom water guide layers 3 is the lowest, a slope of 1% -3% is arranged outwards from the center, a drainage well 4 is arranged in the middle of each group of bottom water guide layers 3, the drainage wells 4 are formed by sequentially splicing precast concrete pipes and vertically extend to the ground surface from the arrangement level, a filter screen with the thickness of 1m is installed at the bottom of each drainage well 4, and seepage holes are formed in the wall of each drainage well 4; and a vertical lifting well 17 is arranged at a distance of 5-10m from the drainage well 4, and the vertical lifting well 17 is communicated with eight surrounding bottom water guide layers 3 to realize the up-and-down operation of personnel and materials.
S2: at the edge position around each bottom water guide layer 3, a reinforced concrete building step-shaped retaining wall is adopted as a rectangular supporting dam 6, the length of a single rectangular supporting dam 6 is the same as the size of the bottom water guide layer 3, the thickness of the bottom edge of the rectangular supporting dam 6 is 7-10m, the thickness of the top is 3-5m, the height is 10-15m, and adjacent rectangular supporting dams 6 in the direction parallel to the end wall connecting line can be combined and built into a whole, so that the material is saved, and the construction period is shortened.
S3: except the position provided with the drainage well 4, a rubber supporting body 5 is arranged in the space enclosed by each of the other rectangular supporting dams 6, the rubber supporting body 5 is filled with water, and the upper part and the lower part of the rubber supporting body 5 are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water outlet; the height of the rubber support body 5 is the same as that of the rectangular supporting dam 6, and the length and the width of the rubber support body 5 are all about 5m smaller than that of the rectangular supporting dam 6; the space between the rubber support body 5 and the rectangular supporting dam 6 is filled with gravels with higher hardness and better hydrophobicity to construct the middle water guiding groove 7, the outer surface of the rubber support body 5 in contact with is reinforced by a reinforcing mesh to prevent collapse, and the middle water guiding groove 7 is communicated with the bottom water guiding layer 3.
S4: dense anchor cables 14 are arranged on two sides of an end slope 13 of the strip mine, the anchor cables 14 are connected with the stratum of the end slope 13 of the strip mine in a reinforced mode through concrete pouring, every five anchor cables 14 are connected to form an anchor point 15, a steel cable 16 is connected between the anchor points 15 at symmetrical positions on two sides of the end slope 13 of the strip mine, pre-tightening force is loaded on the steel cable 16, and the steel cable is kept horizontal and the height of the steel cable is kept equal to that of the rectangular supporting dam 6; the steel cable 16 is connected with the top of each rectangular supporting dam 6 which is in contact with the steel cable 16, and pretightening force is added to the steel cable 16 in each rectangular supporting dam 6 through the connecting point; one steel cable 16 is arranged every 3m in the horizontal direction, and one steel cable 16 is arranged every 3m in the vertical direction, so that three layers are arranged; reinforcing cables are connected between two adjacent layers of steel cables 16 at intervals, and the distance is 2-3 m; from the lowest layer of steel cables 16, reinforcing mesh is placed in sequence, concrete is poured to form reinforcing caps 8, and each rectangular supporting dam 6 is closed at a concrete pouring height of 10 m.
S5: the material with better water blocking effect is laid on the upper portion of the reinforced top 8 in the strip mine stripping object, an upper artificial water-resisting layer 9 with the thickness of about 5m is formed after compaction, the sandstone with better hydrophobicity in the strip mine stripping object is laid on the upper artificial water-resisting layer 9 and serves as an upper hydrophobic layer 10, the upper hydrophobic layer 10 is provided with a gradient of 1-3%, the position close to the drainage well 4 is lowest, and water in the upper hydrophobic layer 10 can flow into the drainage well 4 through the seepage holes in the wall of the drainage well 4.
S6: normally carrying out open-pit mine dumping on the upper part of the upper-layer hydrophobic layer 10, laying materials with better water blocking effect in open-pit mine strippings at a position 15-20m away from the ground surface, compacting to form a top-layer artificial water-resisting layer 11 with the thickness of about 5m, laying gravels with better hydrophobicity in the open-pit mine strippings on the upper part of the top-layer artificial water-resisting layer 11 as a top-layer hydrophobic layer 12, setting the gradient of 1-3% on the top-layer hydrophobic layer 12, leading the position close to the drainage well 4 to be lowest, and leading water in the top-layer hydrophobic layer 12 to flow into the drainage well 4 through water seepage holes on the wall of the drainage well 4.
S7: the strip continues to be discarded on the top hydrophobic layer 12 to the surface, filling the open pit.
S8: and opening a water outlet of the rubber support body 5, pumping water from the bottom water guide layer 3 to the drainage well 4, and transporting the rubber support body 5 out through the vertical lifting well 17 to complete the construction of the large-span underground space.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-span underground space construction method based on open pit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: laying a base layer (1) at the bottom of a pit of an open-pit mine, laying a bottom artificial water-resisting layer (2) on the base layer (1), laying a bottom water-guiding layer (3) on the bottom artificial water-resisting layer (2), arranging the bottom water-guiding layer (3) in a slicing manner to cover the whole base layer (1), arranging the bottom water-guiding layers (3) into a group by adopting a nine-square-grid structure, arranging a central part of each group of bottom water-guiding layers (3) to be the lowest, arranging a slope of 1-3% from the center outwards, arranging a drainage well (4) in the middle of each group of bottom water-guiding layers (3), and arranging a vertical lifting well (17) in a position 5-10m away from the drainage well (4);
s2: building a terrace-shaped retaining wall as a rectangular supporting dam (6) at the peripheral edge of each bottom water guide layer (3), wherein the length of a single strip of the rectangular supporting dam (6) is the same as the size of the bottom water guide layer (3), the bottom edge thickness is 7-10m, the top thickness is 3-5m, and the height is 10-15 m;
s3: except the position provided with the drainage well (4), a rubber supporting body (5) is arranged in a space enclosed by each of the other rectangular supporting dams (6), the rubber supporting body (5) is filled with water, and the upper part and the lower part of the rubber supporting body (5) are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water drainage port; the height of the rubber support body (5) is the same as that of the rectangular supporting dam (6), and the length and the width of the rubber support body (5) are smaller than those of the rectangular supporting dam (6); a middle water guiding groove (7) is filled and constructed in the space between the rubber support body (5) and the rectangular supporting dam (6), and the middle water guiding groove (7) is communicated with the bottom water guiding layer (3);
s4: anchor cables (14) are arranged on two sides of an end slope (13) of the strip mine, every five anchor cables (14) are connected to form an anchor point (15), a steel cable (16) is connected between the anchor points (15) at symmetrical positions on two sides of the end slope (13) of the strip mine, and the height of the steel cable (16) is equal to that of the rectangular supporting dam (6); the steel cable (16) is connected with the top of each rectangular supporting dam (6) which is in contact with the steel cable (16), and supporting force and pretightening force are added to the steel cable (16) through the connecting points; one steel cable (16) is arranged every 3m in the horizontal direction, one layer of steel cable (16) is arranged every 3m in the vertical direction, and three layers are arranged; sequentially placing reinforcing meshes from the lowest layer of steel cables (16), pouring concrete to form a reinforcing top (8), closing each rectangular supporting dam (6), and pouring the concrete to the height of 10 m;
s5: an upper artificial water-resisting layer (9) is laid on the reinforcing top (8), an upper hydrophobic layer (10) is laid on the upper artificial water-resisting layer (9), the gradient of the upper hydrophobic layer (10) is 1-3%, and the position close to the drainage well (4) is lowest;
s6: normally carrying out open pit mine dumping on the upper part of the upper-layer hydrophobic layer (10), laying a top-layer artificial water-resisting layer (11) at a position 15-20m away from the ground surface, laying a top-layer hydrophobic layer (12) on the upper part of the top-layer artificial water-resisting layer (11), wherein the top-layer hydrophobic layer is provided with a gradient of 1-3% and is the lowest position close to the drainage well (4);
s7: continuously discharging the stripped objects on the top hydrophobic layer (12) until the surface of the ground, and filling the open pit;
s8: and (3) opening a water outlet of the rubber support body (5), percolating water to a drainage well (4) through a bottom water guide layer (3) and then pumping out, and transporting out the rubber support body (5) through a vertical lifting well (17) to complete the construction of the large-span underground space.
2. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: a filter screen with the thickness of 1m is installed at the bottom of the drainage well (4), and water seepage holes are formed in the wall of the drainage well (4).
3. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the bottom water guide layer (3) is 5-10m, the long side size of the single bottom water guide layer (3) is not less than 100m, and the short side size is not less than 50 m.
4. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: and a reinforcing mesh is arranged on the outer surface of the rubber support body (5) in contact with the steel bar mesh.
5. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: and the adjacent rectangular supporting dams (6) parallel to the end wall connecting line direction are merged and built into a whole.
6. The method for constructing a large-span underground space based on an open pit according to claim 1, wherein: and reinforcing cables are connected between the two adjacent layers of steel cables (16) at intervals of 2-3 m.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115075292A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-09-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for developing and utilizing logistics storage space of waste open-air sand pit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007303270A (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2007-11-22 | Asahi Techno:Kk | Ground improvement construction method |
| CN108729437A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-02 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Composite, water-drain isolating pad, bedding waterproof/drainage structure and side slope are layered waterproof/drainage structure |
| CN113106988A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Internal dam body construction method for refuse dump of internal-discharge strip mine |
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2021
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007303270A (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2007-11-22 | Asahi Techno:Kk | Ground improvement construction method |
| CN108729437A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-02 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Composite, water-drain isolating pad, bedding waterproof/drainage structure and side slope are layered waterproof/drainage structure |
| CN113106988A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Internal dam body construction method for refuse dump of internal-discharge strip mine |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115075292A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-09-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for developing and utilizing logistics storage space of waste open-air sand pit |
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