CN114015687A - 一种基于crispr技术检测甘薯病毒病的方法 - Google Patents
一种基于crispr技术检测甘薯病毒病的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于CRISPR技术检测甘薯病毒病的方法,具体地,提供了一种基于CRISPR技术检测甘薯褪绿矮化病毒或甘薯病毒病的方法,所述方法包括利用gRNA、Cas蛋白和单链核酸检测器进行检测的步骤;本发明通过对gRNA的筛选和优化,提高了检测效率,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及核酸检测领域,涉及一种基于CRISPR技术检测甘薯病毒病的方法,尤其涉及基于CRISPR技术检测甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的方法、系统和试剂盒。
背景技术
甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus,SPCSV)属于长线形病毒科毛形病毒属成员。甘薯褪绿矮化病毒是危害甘薯的主要病毒之一,主要由烟粉虱传播,特别重要的是,甘薯褪绿矮化病毒可与甘薯羽状斑驳病毒协生共侵染甘薯引起甘薯病毒病(sweet potato virus disease,SPVD)。甘薯病毒病是甘薯上是最严重的病毒病害之一,通常可使甘薯减产50%-98%,甚至绝收。
甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的检测方法主要有:目测法、指示植物检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、免疫电镜法、核酸杂交法、RT-PCR法。
本发明提供了一种新型的检测甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的方法,该方法是基于CRISPR技术,尤其是基于V型Cas酶的trans活性,提供的一种特异性高、检测灵敏度高的快速检测方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于CRISPR技术进行甘薯褪绿矮化病毒检测的方法、系统和试剂盒。
一方面,本发明提供了一种用于检测甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的gRNA,所述gRNA包括与Cas蛋白结合的区域和与靶核酸杂交的导向序列,所述靶核酸为来源于甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的核酸。
本发明中,所述与CRISPR/CAS效应蛋白结合的区域又称为同向重复序列、骨架区或spacer序列,该区域与Cas蛋白相互作用,从而结合Cas蛋白。
在一个实施方式中,所述gRNA自5’端至3’端依次包括与Cas蛋白结合的区域和与靶核酸杂交的导向序列。
在一个实施方式中,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列含有17-30个碱基,并且与SEQID No.2所示的序列或其反向互补序列杂交,并且所述导向序列包含SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列;优选的,所述导向序列包含SEQ ID No.8、9任一所示的序列。
在优选的实施方式中,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列含有17-30个碱基,例如,17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29或30个碱基。
在一个实施方式中,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列包含SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列,并且在SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列的3’端还包括1-13个碱基(优选,1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12个碱基),并且,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列与SEQ ID No.2所示的序列或其反向互补序列杂交;优选的,所述导向序列包含SEQ ID No.8、9任一所示的序列。
在一个实施方式中,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列与SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列相比,在SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列的3’端连续缺失1-4个碱基(例如,1、2、3、4个碱基)。
所述与SEQ ID No.2所示的序列或其反向互补序列杂交,是指上述导向序列与SEQID No.2或SEQ ID No.2的反向互补序列的连续的一段可以连续的互补配对。比如,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列含有30个碱基,则,导向序列的30个碱基需要与SEQ ID No.2或SEQID No.2的互补序列的连续30个碱基互补配对。
在更优选的实施方式中,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列如SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas蛋白选自V型Cas蛋白,例如,Cas12、Cas14家族蛋白或其突变体。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas蛋白优选为Cas12家族,包括但不限于Cas12a、Cas12b、Cas12d、Cas12e、Cas12f、Cas12g、Cas12h、Cas12i、Cas12j中的一种或任意几种。
优选的,所述与Cas蛋白结合的区域的序列如SEQ ID No.10所示。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒或甘薯病毒病的方法,所述方法包括将待测核酸与V型Cas蛋白、上述gRNA和单链核酸检测器接触;检测由Cas蛋白切割单链核酸检测器产生的可检测信号,从而检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒或甘薯病毒病。
进一步的,所述方法还包括从待测样品中获得待测核酸的步骤;优选的,采用扩增的方法从待测样品中获得待测核酸。
进一步的,所述方法还包括采用引物对进行扩增获得待测核酸的步骤。
所述引物对选自如下i和/或ii:
i、引物对的上游引物如SEQ ID NO:15所示,所述引物对的下游引物如SEQ ID NO:16所示;
ii、引物对的上游引物如SEQ ID NO:17所示,所述引物对的下游引物如SEQ IDNO:16所示;
优选的,引物对的上游引物如SEQ ID NO:15所示,所述引物对的下游引物如SEQID NO:16所示。
本发明中,所述待测核酸可以是双链核酸,也可以是单链核酸。
本发明所述扩增选自PCR、基于核酸测序的扩增(NASBA)、重组酶聚合酶扩增(RPA)、环介导的等温扩增(LAMP)、链置换扩增(SDA)、解旋酶依赖性扩增(HDA)、或切口酶扩增反应(NEAR)、多重置换扩增(MDA)、滚环扩增(RCA)、连接酶链反应(LCR)、或衍生物扩增方法(RAM)中的一种或任意几种。
本发明中,所述样品可以为来自植物的样品,例如,甘薯、马铃薯;其他的实施方式中,所述样品还可以来自其他植物,例如,烟草。
在一个实施方式中,所述样品可以为植物的传毒介质,例如,薯苗、薯块、烟粉虱、蚜虫样品。
在其他的实施方式中,所述样品还可以来源于环境样品,例如,空气、水体、土壤等。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的组合物,所述组合物包括上述gRNA,还包括Cas蛋白以及单链核酸检测器;优选的,还包括上述引物对。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种用于检测或诊断待测植物是否感染甘薯病毒病的系统、组合物或试剂盒,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒包括V型Cas蛋白、上述gRNA和单链核酸检测器。进一步的,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒还包括扩增引物;优选的,所述扩增引物包括上述引物对。
另一方面,本发明还提供了上述用于检测或诊断待测植物是否感染甘薯病毒病的组合物在诊断或检测甘薯病毒病中的用途,或者在用于制备诊断或检测甘薯病毒病的试剂或试剂盒中的用途。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种用于检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的系统、组合物或试剂盒,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒包括V型Cas蛋白、上述gRNA(指导RNA)和单链核酸检测器;优选的,还包括上述引物对。
另一方面,本发明还提供了上述系统、组合物或试剂盒在检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒中的应用。
另一方面,本发明还提供了上述组合物在制备检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的试剂或试剂盒中的用途。
进一步的,所述V型Cas蛋白选自Cas12、Cas14家族蛋白或其突变体。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas蛋白优选为Cas12家族,包括但不限于Cas12a、Cas12b、Cas12d、Cas12e、Cas12f、Cas12g、Cas12h、Cas12i、Cas12j中的一种或任意几种。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas12a选自FnCas12a、AsCas12a、LbCas12a、Lb5Cas12a、HkCas12a、OsCas12a、TsCas12a、BbCas12a、BoCas12a或Lb4Cas12a中一种或任意几种。
在优选的实施方式中,所述Cas12i蛋白的氨基酸序列选自下组:
(1)SEQ ID NO:3所示的蛋白;
(2)将SEQ ID NO:3所示氨基酸序或其活性片段经过一个或多个(如2个、3个、4个,5个,6个,7个,8个,9个或10个)氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加而形成的,且具有基本相同功能的衍生蛋白;
(3)与SEQ ID NO:3具有至少50%,至少55%,至少60%,至少65%,至少70%,至少75%,至少80%,至少85%,至少90%,至少95%,或至少99%的序列同一性的,且具有trans活性的蛋白。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas蛋白突变体包括氨基酸取代、缺失或替换,且所述突变体至少保留其trans切割活性。优选地,所述突变体具有Cis和trans切割活性。
本发明中,所述单链核酸检测器包括单链DNA、单链RNA或者单链DNA-RNA杂交体。在其他的实施方式中,所述单链核酸检测器包括单链DNA、单链RNA或者单链DNA-RNA杂交体的任意两种或三种的混合物,例如,单链DNA和单链RNA的组合物、单链DNA和单链DNA-RNA杂交体的组合物、单链RNA和单链DNA-RNA的组合物。在其他的实施方式中,所述单链核酸检测器还包括对碱基的修饰。
在优选的实施方式中,所述单链核酸检测器为单链寡核酸检测器。
所述单链核酸检测器不与所述gRNA杂交。
本发明中,所述可检测信号通过以下方式实现:基于视觉的检测,基于传感器的检测,颜色检测,基于金纳米颗粒的检测,荧光偏振,荧光信号,胶体相变/分散,电化学检测和基于半导体的检测。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的方法还包括测量CRISPR/CAS效应蛋白(Cas蛋白)产生的可检测信号的步骤。所述Cas蛋白识别所述靶核酸或与所述靶核酸杂交之后可以激发任意单链核酸的切割活性,从而切割所述单链核酸检测器进而产生可检测信号。
本发明中,所述可检测信号可以是当切割单链核酸检测器时产生的任何信号。例如,基于金纳米颗粒的检测,荧光偏振,荧光信号,胶体相变/分散,电化学检测,基于半导体的传感。所述可检测信号可通过任何合适的方式读出,包括但不限于:可检测的荧光信号的测量,凝胶电泳检测(通过检测凝胶上的条带的变化),基于视觉或传感器的颜色的存在或不存在的检测、或者颜色存在的差异(例如,基于金纳米颗粒)以及电信号的差异。
在优选的实施方式中,所述可检测信号通过以下方式实现:所述单链核酸检测器的5’端和3’端分别设置不同的报告基团,当所述单链核酸检测器被切割后,可以表现出可检测的报告信号;例如,单链核酸检测器的两端分别设置荧光基团和淬灭基团,当所述单链核酸检测器被切割后,可以表现出可检测的荧光信号。
在一个实施方式中,所述荧光基团选自FAM、FITC、VIC、JOE、TET、CY3、CY5、ROX、Texas Red或LC RED460中的一种或任意几种;所述淬灭基团选自BHQ1、BHQ2、BHQ3、Dabcy1或Tamra中的一种或任意几种。
在其他的实施方式中,所述可检测信号还可以通过以下方式实现:所述单链核酸检测器的5’端和3’端分别设置不同的标记分子,通过胶体金检测的方式检测反应信号。
在一些实施方式中,所述可检测信号的测量可以是定量的,在其他的实施方式中,所述可检测信号的测量可以是定性的。
优选的,所述单链核酸检测器在被所述Cas蛋白切割之前产生第一可检测信号,并且在被切割之后产生不同于第一可检测信号的第二可检测信号。
在其他的实施方式中,单链核酸检测器包括一个或多个的修饰,例如碱基修饰,骨架修饰,糖修饰等,以向核酸提供新的或增强的特征(例如改进的稳定性)。合适修饰的例子包括修饰的核酸骨架和非天然核苷间连接,具有修饰主链的核酸包括那些在主链中保留磷原子的核酸和那些在主链中不具有磷原子的核酸。合适的其中含有磷原子的修饰的寡核苷酸骨架包括硫代磷酸酯,手性硫代磷酸酯,二硫代磷酸酯,磷酸三酯,氨基烷基磷酸三酯,甲基和其它烷基膦酸酯。在一些实施方式中,单链核酸检测器包含一个或多个硫代磷酸酯和/或杂原子核苷键。在其他的实施方式中,所述单链核酸检测器可以是核酸模拟物;在某些实施方式中,所述核酸模拟物为肽核酸(PNA),另一类核酸模拟物是基于具有连接到吗啉环上的杂环碱基的连接吗啉基单元(吗啉基核酸),其他的核酸模拟物还包括环己烯基核酸(CENA),还包括核糖或者脱氧核糖链。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas蛋白与gRNA的用量摩尔比为(0.8-1.2):1。
在一个实施方式中,所述Cas蛋白的用量终浓度为20-200nM,优选,30-100nM,更优选,40-80nM,更优选,50nM。
在一个实施方式中,所述gRNA的用量终浓度为20-200nM,优选,30-100nM,更优选,40-80nM,更优选,50nM。
在一个实施方式中,所述待测核酸的用量终浓度为5-100nM,优选,10-50nM。
在一个实施方式中,所述单链核酸检测器的用量终浓度为100-1000nM,优选,150-800nM,优选,200-800nM,优选,200-500nM,优选,200-300nM。
在一个实施方式中,所述单链核酸检测器具有2-300个核苷酸,优选,3-200个核苷酸,优选,3-100个核苷酸,优选,具有3-30个核苷酸,优选,4-20个核苷酸,更优选,5-15个核苷酸。
术语“杂交”或“互补的”或“基本上互补的”是指核酸(例如RNA、DNA)包含使其能够非共价结合的核苷酸序列,即以序列特异性,反平行的方式(即核酸特异性结合互补核酸)与另一核酸形成碱基对和/或G/U碱基对,“退火”或“杂交”。杂交需要两个核酸含有互补序列,尽管碱基之间可能存在错配。两个核酸之间杂交的合适条件取决于核酸的长度和互补程度,这是本领域公知的变量。典型地,可杂交核酸的长度为8个核苷酸或更多(例如,10个核苷酸或更多,12个核苷酸或更多,15个核苷酸或更多,20个核苷酸或更多,22个核苷酸或更多,25个核苷酸或更多,或30个核苷酸或更多)。
应当理解,多核苷酸的序列不需要与其靶核酸的序列100%互补以特异性杂交。多核苷酸可包含60%或更高,65%或更高,70%或更高,75%或更高,80%或更高,85%或更高,90%或更高,95%或更高,98%或更高,99%或更高,99.5%或更高,或与其杂交的靶核酸序列中的靶区域的序列互补性为100%。
一般定义:
除非另有定义,否则本文所用的技术和科学术语具有与所属领域的普通技术人员之一通常理解的相同的含义。
术语“氨基酸”是指含有氨基的羧酸。生物体内的各种蛋白质是由20种基本氨基酸构成的。
术语“多核苷酸”、“核苷酸序列”、“核酸序列”、“核酸分子”和“核酸”可以互换使用,包括DNA、RNA或者其杂交体,可以是双链或单链的。
术语“寡核苷酸”是指含有3-100个核苷酸的序列,优选,具有3-30个核苷酸,优选,4-20个核苷酸,更优选,5-15个核苷酸。
术语“同源性”或“同一性”用于指两个多肽之间或两个核酸之间序列的匹配情况。当两个进行比较的序列中的某个位置都被相同的碱基或氨基酸单体亚单元占据时(例如,两个DNA分子的每一个中的某个位置都被腺嘌呤占据,或两个多肽的每一个中的某个位置都被赖氨酸占据),那么各分子在该位置上是同一的。两个序列之间。通常,在将两个序列比对以产生最大同一性时进行比较。这样的比对可通过使用,例如,氨基酸序列的同一性可以通过常规方法,参考例如Smith and Waterman,1981,Adv.Appl.Math.2:482Pearson&Lipman,1988,Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.USA 85:2444,Thompson etal.,1994,Nucleic AcidsRes 22:467380等的教导,通过计算机化运行运算法则(Wisconsin Genetics软件包中的GAP,BESTFIT,FASTA,和TFASTA,Genetics Computer Group)来确定。也可使用可从美国国立生物技术信息中心(NCBI www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)获得的BLAST运算法则,使用默认参数确定。
如本文所用,所述“CRISPR”是指成簇、规律间隔的短回文重复序列(Clusteredregularly interspaced short palindromic repeats),其来自微生物的免疫系统。
如本文所用,“生物素(biotin)”也称维生素H,是一种分子量为244Da的小分子维生素。“亲和素(avidin)”,又称抗生物素,是一种碱性糖蛋白,具有4个同生物素亲和力极高的结合位点,常用亲和素有链霉亲合素。生物素与亲和素的极强亲和力可用于在检测体系中放大或增强检测信号。如生物素很易与蛋白质(如抗体等)以共价键结合,而结合了酶的亲和素分子与结合有特异性抗体的生物素分子产生反应,既起到了多级放大作用,又由于酶在遇到相应底物时的催化作用而呈色,达到检测未知抗原(或抗体)分子的目的。
Cas蛋白
本文所述“Cas蛋白”是指CRISPR-associated蛋白,优选来自V型或VI型CRISPR/CAS蛋白,其一旦与待检测特征序列(靶序列)结合(即形成Cas蛋白-gRNA-靶序列的三元复合物),就可以诱发其trans活性,即随机切割非靶向单链核苷酸(即本文所述单链核酸检测器,优选单链DNA(ssDNA)、单链DNA-RNA杂交体、单链RNA)。当Cas蛋白与特征序列结合后,其切割或不切割特征序列,均可以诱发其trans活性;优选地,其通过切割特征序列诱发其trans活性;更优选地,其通过切割单链特征序列诱发其trans活性。
本发明所述的Cas蛋白为至少具有trans切割活性的蛋白,优选地,所述的Cas蛋白为具有Cis和trans切割活性的蛋白。所述的Cis活性是指Cas蛋白可在gRNA的作用下识别PAM位点并特异性切割靶序列的活性。
本发明所述的Cas蛋白包括V型和VI型CRISPR/CAS效应蛋白,包括Cas12、Cas13、Cas14等蛋白家族。优选地,例如Cas12蛋白,例如Cas12a、Cas1 2b、Cas12d、Cas12e、Cas12f、Cas12g、Cas12h、Cas12i、Cas12j;优选地,所述Cas蛋白为Cas12a、Cas12b、Cas12i、Cas12j。Cas13蛋白家族包括Cas13a、Cas13b等。
在实施方式中,本文所称的Cas蛋白,如Cas12,也涵盖Cas的功能变体或其同源物或直系同源物。如本文所用的蛋白的“功能变体”是指至少部分保留该蛋白的活性的这样的蛋白的变体。功能变体可以包括突变体(其可以是插入、缺失或替换突变体),包括多晶型物等。功能变体中还包括这样的蛋白与另一种通常不相关的核酸、蛋白质、多肽或肽的融合产物。功能变体可以是天然存在的或可以是人造的。有利的实施方式可以涉及工程化或非天然存在的V型DNA靶向效应蛋白。
在一个实施方式中,编码Cas蛋白,如Cas12,的一种或多种核酸分子或其直系同源物或同源物可以被密码子优化用于在真核细胞中表达。真核生物可如本文所述。一种或多种核酸分子可以是工程化的或非天然存在的。
在一个实施方式中,Cas12蛋白或其直系同源物或同源物可以包含一个或多个突变(并且因此编码其的核酸分子可以具有一个或多个突变。突变可以是人工引入的突变并且可以包括但不限于催化结构域中的一个或多个突变。
在一个实施方式中,Cas蛋白可以来自:纤毛菌属、李斯特菌属、棒状杆菌属、萨特氏菌属、军团菌属、密螺旋体属、产线菌属、真细菌属、链球菌属、乳酸菌属、支原体属、拟杆菌属、Flaviivola、黄杆菌属、固氮螺菌属、Sphaerochaeta、葡糖醋杆菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、罗氏菌属、Parvibaculum、葡萄球菌属、Nitratifractor、支原体属、弯曲杆菌属和毛螺菌属。
所述的Cas蛋白可以通过重组表达载体技术获得,即将编码该蛋白的核酸分子构建到合适的载体上,再转化到宿主细胞中,使得所述的编码核酸分子在细胞中表达,从而获得相应的蛋白。所述的蛋白可以被细胞分泌出来,或者破解细胞通过常规的提取技术获得该蛋白。所述的编码核酸分子可以整合至宿主细胞的基因组中进行表达,也可以不整合到宿主细胞中进行表达。所述的载体还进一步包括有利于序列整合,或进行自我复制的调节元件。所述的载体可以是质粒、病毒、粘粒、噬菌体等类型,它们是本领域技术人员所熟知的,优选地,本发明中的表达载体是质粒。所述的载体进一步包括一种或多种调控元件,选自启动子、增强子、翻译起始的核糖体结合位点、终止子、多聚腺苷酸序列、筛选标记基因。
宿主细胞可以是原核细胞,如大肠杆菌,链霉菌属、农杆菌:或是低等真核细胞,如酵母细胞;或是高等真核细胞,如植物细胞。本领域一般技术人员都清楚如何选择适当的载体和宿主细胞。
gRNA
如本文所用,所述的“gRNA”又称为guide RNA或导向RNA,并且具有本领域技术人员通常理解的含义。一般而言,导向RNA可以包含同向(direct)重复序列和导向序列(guidesequence),或者基本上由或由同向重复序列和导向序列(在内源性CRISPR系统背景下也称为间隔序列(spacer))组成。gRNA在不同的CRISPR系统中,依据其所依赖的Cas蛋白的不同,可以包括crRNA和tracrRNA,也可以只含有crRNA。crRNA和tracrRNA可以经过人工改造融合形成single guide RNA(sgRNA)。在某些情况下,导向序列是与靶序列(本发明中所述特征序列)具有足够互补性从而与所述靶序列杂交并引导CRISPR/Cas复合物与所述靶序列的特异性结合的任何多核苷酸序列,通常具有12-25nt的序列长度。所述的同向重复序列可折叠形成特定结构(如茎环结构)供Cas蛋白识别,以形成复合物。所述的导向序列不需要与特征序列(靶序列)100%互补。所述的导向序列不与单链核酸检测器互补。
在某些实施方案中,当最佳比对时,导向序列与其相应靶序列之间的互补程度(匹配度)为至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少90%、至少95%、或至少99%。确定最佳比对在本领域的普通技术人员的能力范围内。例如,存在公开和可商购的比对算法和程序,诸如但不限于ClustalW、matlab中的史密斯-沃特曼算法(Smith-Waterman)、Bowtie、Geneious、Biopython以及SeqMan。
本发明所述的gRNA可以是天然的,也可以是经过人工改造或设计合成的。
单链核酸检测器
本发明所述的单链核酸检测器是指含有2-200个核苷酸的序列,优选,具有2-150个核苷酸,优选,3-100个核苷酸,优选,3-30个核苷酸,优选,4-20个核苷酸,更优选,5-15个核苷酸。优选为单链DNA分子、单链RNA分子或单链DNA-RNA杂交体。
所述的单链核酸检测器在检测方法或系统中用以报告样品中是否存在靶核酸。所述的单链核酸检测器两端包括不同的报告基团或标记分子,当其处于初始状态(即未被切割状态时)不呈现报告信号,当该单链核酸检测器被切割后,呈现出可检测的信号,即切割后与切割前表现出可检测的区别。在本发明中,如果能够检测出可检测的区别,则反映能够检测出靶核酸;或者,如果无法检检测出所述的可检测的区别,则反映无法检测出靶核酸。
在一个实施方式中,所述的报告基团或标记分子包括荧光基团和淬灭基团,所述荧光基团选自FAM、FITC、VIC、JOE、TET、CY3、CY5、ROX、Texas Red或LC RED460中的一种或任意几种;所述淬灭基团选自BHQ1、BHQ2、BHQ3、Dabcy1或Tamra中的一种或任意几种。
在其他的实施方式中,所述的单链核酸检测器具有连接至一端第一分子(如FAM或FITC)和连接至另一端的第二分子(如生物素)。所述的含有单链核酸检测器的反应体系与流动条配合用以检测靶核酸(优选,胶体金检测方式)。所述的流动条被设计为具有两条捕获线,在样品接触端(胶体金)设有结合第一分子的抗体(即第一分子抗体),在第一线(control line)处含有结合第一分子抗体的抗体,在第二线(test line)处含有与第二分子结合的第二分子的抗体(即第二分子抗体,如亲和素)。当反应沿着条带流动时,第一分子抗体与第一分子结合携带切割或未切割的寡核苷酸至捕获线,切割的报告子将在第一个捕获线处结合第一分子抗体的抗体,而未切割的报告子将在第二捕获线处结合第二分子抗体。报告基团在各条线的结合将导致强读出/信号(例如颜色)。随着更多的报告子被切割,更多的信号将在第一捕获线处累积,并且在第二线处将出现更少的信号。在某些方面,本发明涉及如本文所述的流动条用于检测核酸的用途。在某些方面,本发明涉及用本文定义的流动条检测核酸的方法,例如(侧)流测试或(侧)流免疫色谱测定。在某些方面,所述单链核酸检测器中的分子可相互替换,或改变分子的位置,只要其报告原理与本发明相同或相近,所改进的方式也均包含在本发明中。
本发明所述的检测方法,可用于靶核酸的定量检测。所述的定量检测指标可以根据报告基团的信号强弱进行定量,如根据荧光基团的发光强度,或根据显色条带的宽度等。
序列信息
本发明涉及的部分序列信息提供如下:
附图说明
图1.甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的扩增序列-A序列和B序列,以及各引物在扩增序列上的位置。
图2.不同引物对(F1-R1、F2-R2、F3-R3、F4-R3)的扩增结果图。其中,线条1为实验组,线条2为不添加模板的对照组。每一扩增引物对分别对应了PCR的扩增曲线与溶解曲线。根据扩增曲线可知,F1-R1、F2-R2、F3-R3和F4-R3的CT值分别为33.9、34.6、35.0和34.1;根据溶解曲线可知,F1-R1、F2-R2和F3-R3无引物二聚体,F4-R3有引物二聚体。
图3.甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的扩增序列-A序列和B序列,以及各gRNA在扩增序列上的位置。
图4.不同gRNA(gRNA-1、gRNA-2、gRNA-3、gRNA-4、gRNA-5、gRNA-6)检测ssDNA靶核酸时的检测结果图。其中,线条1为实验组,线条2为不添加靶核酸的对照组;gRNA-1、gRNA-2、gRNA-3、gRNA-4、gRNA-5、gRNA-6与ssDNA靶核酸进行反应时荧光信号达到峰值(达到平台期)的时间分别在23min、7min、15min、9min、6min和15min左右。
图5.不同gRNA(gRNA-2、gRNA-4、gRNA-5)检测dsDNA靶核酸时的检测结果图。其中,线条1为实验组,线条2为不添加靶核酸的对照组;gRNA-2、gRNA-4、gRNA-5与dsDNA靶核酸进行反应时荧光信号达到峰值(达到平台期)的时间分别在20min、12min和17min左右。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,以下所述,仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做其他形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明技术方案基于如下原理,将PCR扩增与CRISPR技术相结合,具有快速、灵敏、特异、高效的特点。在样本中存在目标病原菌的特异核酸的前提下,特异性引物与靶标序列结合,通过PCR扩增富集目标序列,Cas酶(Cas蛋白)在gRNA引导下与扩增产物结合,激活Cas蛋白反式剪切(trans)活性,剪切体系中的Reporter(Reporter一端连接荧光基团,一端连接淬灭基团),Reporter被Cas蛋白剪切后会释放荧光,以呈现检测结果。在其他的实施方式中,单链核酸检测器(Reporter)的两端还可以设置成能够被胶体金检测的标记。
实施例1、甘薯褪绿矮化病毒特异核酸的扩增
本实施方式中,针对甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(SPCSV)Sweet potato chlorotic stuntvirus的特异性核酸进行引物的设计和靶核酸的扩增。
根据SPCSV的基因组,选择两条特异性的序列进行PCR扩增(为方便区分,分别命名为A序列、B序列):
ttctggtgctctgtttcttgttggcggatcctcgttactgcggaaagtgcaatctgacgttag taatttttccaagtcgattggactgactcccataattgacaaagacttaaggtctgccgtgtcttat ggttgttctat(A序列,SEQ ID No.1)
gatgtaatagtcggtggtgctgcacaagtgttagatgcttctcaactaccgcactgttacttc tacgatctaaaacgatgggttggggttgataggctgtcttttgaagaaatcaaacgtaagatagctc cccagtattcggtcaaattggaaggtaatgatgttctga(B序列,SEQ ID No.2)
根据SPCSV的基因组A序列,设计扩增引物如下:
F1:tgttggcggatcctcgttac;
R1:ccataagacacggcagacct;
F2:gttggcggatcctcgttact;
R2:ccataagacacggcagacctt;
根据SPCSV的基因组B序列,设计扩增引物如下:
F3:aaacgatgggttggggttga;
R3:ttgaccgaatactggggagc;
F4:gtggtgctgcacaagtgttag;
图1示出了各引物在扩增序列上的位置。
选择以下的PCR扩增引物对组合:F1-R1,F2-R2,F3-R3,F4-R3。
PCR扩增体系如下:
组分 | 终浓度 | 添加量uL |
2×Hifair V MP Buffer | 1× | 7.5 |
Hifair V Enzyme Mix | 1.2 | |
Primer F(10uM) | 400nM | 0.6 |
Primer R(10uM) | 400nM | 0.6 |
20X Eva Green | 0.75 | |
ROX Dye 2(50x) | 1× | 0.3 |
RNase free water | 3.05 | |
Template | 1 | |
总体积 | 15 |
PCR反应程序如下:
每一扩增引物对在相同PCR扩增体系,相同模板量下进行的PCR扩增。
图2示出了引物对F1-R1,F2-R2,F3-R3,F4-R3的扩增结果。如图2A-图2H所示,每一扩增引物对分别对应了PCR的扩增曲线与溶解曲线。根据扩增曲线可知,F1-R1,F2-R2,F3-R3和F4-R3的CT值分别为33.9、34.6、35.0、34.1。根据溶解曲线可知,F1-R1,F2-R2和F3-R3的对照组没有峰,因此,F1-R1,F2-R2和F3-R3没有引物二聚体;F4-R3的对照组有峰,即有引物二聚体。其中,线条1为实验组,线条2为不添加模板的对照组。
选择扩增产物无引物二聚体且CT值较小的引物对进行后续实验,对SPCSV的A序列选择F1-R1引物对,对SPCSV的B序列选择F3-R3引物对。
实施例2、甘薯褪绿矮化病毒特异核酸的gRNA的设计
针对靶序列SEQ ID No.1,在区段内部或其互补序列内部设计了4条gRNA(gRNA1、gRNA2、gRNA3、gRNA4);针对靶序列SEQ ID No.2,在区段内部或其互补序列内部设计了2条gRNA(gRNA5、gRNA6)。本实施方式是基于Cas12i(SEQ ID No.3)设计的能够结合Cas12i的gRNA,每条gRNA 5’端的前3个碱基均为TTN(PAM序列)。
所设计的gRNA的序列如下:
图3示出了各gRNA在扩增序列上的位置。
实施例3、gRNA在进行核酸检测时的应用
为了验证实施例2设计的不同的gRNA与Cas12i蛋白应用时的检测效率,本实施方式对不同gRNA的活性进行了验证。
首先采用单链的靶序列(ssDNA,SEQ ID No.1、2)或者其反向互补序列作为靶核酸,ssDNA为对应的gRNA所靶向的ssDNA。
单链核酸检测器序列为FAM-TTATT-BHQ1;
采用如下反应体系:Cas12i终浓度为25nM,gRNA终浓度为25nM,靶核酸终浓度为25nM,单链核酸检测器终浓度200nM。37℃孵育,读取FAM荧光/20sec。对照组不添加靶核酸。
图4示出了利用gRNA-1、gRNA-2、gRNA-3、gRNA-4、gRNA-5、gRNA-6在与ssDNA的靶核酸进行反应时的结果。如图4A-图4F所示,gRNA-1、gRNA-2、gRNA-3、gRNA-4、gRNA-5、gRNA-6与ssDNA靶核酸进行反应时荧光信号达到峰值(达到平台期)的时间分别在23min、7min、15min、9min、6min和15min左右。与对照组相比,gRNA-1、gRNA-2、gRNA-3、gRNA-4、gRNA-5和gRNA-6均能快速的报告出荧光,反映出其在进行甘薯褪绿矮化病毒特异核酸检测时的较好的灵敏度。其中,线条1为实验组,线条2为不添加模板的对照组。
针对检测单链靶序列效果较好的gRNA-2、gRNA-4和gRNA-5,进一步验证了其在检测双链靶序列(dsDNA)时的效率。
采用双链的靶序列(dsDNA,SEQ ID No.1、2)作为双链靶核酸,dsDNA为对应的gRNA所靶向的dsDNA。
双链靶核酸为实施例1的PCR反应获得的,其中,模板采用含目标核酸片段的质粒,PCR反应模板添加量为1000个拷贝,PCR扩增45个循环,PCR反应完毕后,将45ul的Cas反应体系添加到15ul的PCR体系中。
单链核酸检测器序列为FAM-TTATT-BHQ1;
采用如下检测体系:Cas12i终浓度为50nM,gRNA终浓度为50nM,靶核酸(实施例1中PCR扩增得到的dsDNA)15μl,单链核酸检测器终浓度200nM。37℃孵育,读取FAM荧光/20sec。对照组不添加靶核酸。
图5示出了gRNA-2、gRNA-4和gRNA-5在与dsDNA的靶核酸进行反应时的结果。如图5A-图5C所示,gRNA-2、gRNA-4、gRNA-5与dsDNA靶核酸进行反应时荧光信号达到峰值(达到平台期)的时间分别在20min、12min和17min左右。与对照组相比,gRNA-2、gRNA-4和gRNA-5均能在较短的时间内表现出显著的荧光信号,反映出其具有较好的检测dsDNA的灵敏度;尤其是gRNA-4,在12min左右就可以达到荧光信号的峰值。图5中,1为实验组,2为对照组。
本申请中筛选出的效果较好的gRNA(gRNA-5、6)的引导序列的长度为17-19bp,即,其与靶核酸杂交的区域为17-19bp;实际在使用时,本领域技术人员也可以在引导序列的3’端增加或减少任意的碱基(当然还要保证其与靶核酸杂交);引导序列的5’端毗邻PAM序列,不适合再调整;但是,针对其3’端,只要保证其能够与靶序列具有15bp-30bp的杂交区域,即能够实现将Cas酶结合在靶序列上的功能,这些长度的改变不会实质性的影响gRNA的活性。例如,针对gRNA-5、6的引导序列,在保证其与靶序列配对的情况下,可以在3’端减少1-4个碱基(例如,1、2、3或4个碱基),或者增加1-13个碱基(例如,1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12或13个碱基),其不会实质性的影响gRNA与Cas蛋白在检测靶核酸时的效率。
尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述,但本领域技术人员将理解:根据已经公布的所有教导,可以对细节进行各种修改和变动,并且这些改变均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的全部分为由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
序列表
<110> 舜丰生物科技(海南)有限公司
山东舜丰生物科技有限公司
<120> 一种基于CRISPR技术检测甘薯病毒病的方法
<130> P2021-2660
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Gln Tyr Leu Lys Ile Leu Leu Asn Ala Phe Asp Ala Lys Ser His Lys
210 215 220
Glu Ala Val Lys Asn Tyr Lys Gly Asp Ser Thr Gly Arg Thr Ala Ser
225 230 235 240
Tyr Leu Ser Glu Lys Ser Gly Glu Ile Thr Glu Leu Met Leu Glu Gln
245 250 255
Leu Met Ser Asn Ile Gln Arg Asp Ile Gly Asp Lys Gln Lys Glu Ile
260 265 270
Ser Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Val Val Lys Lys Tyr Leu Glu Ser Glu Ser
275 280 285
Gly Val Pro Tyr Asp Gln Asn Leu Trp Ser Gln Ala Tyr Arg Asn Ala
290 295 300
Ala Ser Ser Ile Lys Lys Thr Asp Thr Arg Asn Phe Asn Ser Thr Leu
305 310 315 320
Glu Lys Phe Lys Asn Glu Val Glu Leu Arg Gly Leu Leu Ser Glu Gly
325 330 335
Asp Asp Val Glu Ile Leu Arg Ser Lys Phe Phe Ser Ser Glu Phe His
340 345 350
Lys Thr Pro Asp Lys Phe Val Ile Lys Pro Glu His Ile Gly Phe Asn
355 360 365
Asn Lys Tyr Asn Val Val Ala Glu Leu Tyr Lys Leu Lys Ala Glu Ala
370 375 380
Thr Asp Phe Glu Ser Ala Phe Ala Thr Val Lys Asp Glu Phe Glu Glu
385 390 395 400
Lys Gly Ile Lys His Pro Ile Lys Asn Ile Leu Glu Tyr Ile Trp Asn
405 410 415
Asn Glu Val Pro Val Glu Lys Trp Gly Arg Val Ala Arg Phe Asn Gln
420 425 430
Ser Glu Glu Lys Leu Leu Arg Ile Lys Ala Asn Pro Thr Val Glu Cys
435 440 445
Asn Gln Gly Met Thr Phe Gly Asn Ser Ala Met Val Gly Glu Val Leu
450 455 460
Arg Ser Asn Tyr Val Ser Lys Lys Gly Ala Leu Val Ser Gly Glu His
465 470 475 480
Gly Gly Arg Leu Ile Gly Gln Asn Asn Met Ile Trp Leu Glu Met Arg
485 490 495
Leu Leu Asn Lys Gly Lys Trp Glu Thr His His Val Pro Thr His Asn
500 505 510
Met Lys Phe Phe Glu Glu Val His Ala Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu Ala Asp
515 520 525
Ser Val Asn Val Arg Asn Arg Leu Tyr Arg Ser Glu Asp Tyr Thr Gln
530 535 540
Leu Pro Ser Ser Ile Thr Asp Gly Leu Lys Gly Asn Pro Lys Ala Lys
545 550 555 560
Leu Leu Lys Arg Gln His Cys Ala Leu Asn Asn Met Thr Ala Asn Val
565 570 575
Leu Asn Pro Lys Leu Ser Phe Thr Ile Asn Lys Lys Asn Asp Asp Tyr
580 585 590
Thr Val Ile Ile Val His Ser Val Glu Val Ser Lys Pro Arg Arg Glu
595 600 605
Val Leu Val Gly Asp Tyr Leu Val Gly Met Asp Gln Asn Gln Thr Ala
610 615 620
Ser Asn Thr Tyr Ala Val Met Gln Val Val Lys Pro Lys Ser Thr Asp
625 630 635 640
Ala Ile Pro Phe Arg Asn Met Trp Val Arg Phe Val Glu Ser Gly Ser
645 650 655
Ile Glu Ser Arg Thr Leu Asn Ser Arg Gly Glu Tyr Val Asp Gln Leu
660 665 670
Asn His Asp Gly Val Asp Leu Phe Glu Ile Gly Asp Thr Glu Trp Val
675 680 685
Asp Ser Ala Arg Lys Phe Phe Asn Lys Leu Gly Val Lys His Lys Asp
690 695 700
Gly Thr Leu Val Asp Leu Ser Thr Ala Pro Arg Lys Ala Tyr Ala Phe
705 710 715 720
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Phe Lys Thr Met Leu Asn His Leu Arg Ser Asn Glu
725 730 735
Val Asp Leu Thr Leu Leu Arg Asn Glu Ile Leu Arg Val Ala Asn Gly
740 745 750
Arg Phe Ser Pro Met Arg Leu Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Thr Thr Leu Lys
755 760 765
Ala Leu Gly Ser Phe Lys Ser Leu Val Leu Ser Tyr Phe Asp Arg Leu
770 775 780
Gly Ala Lys Glu Met Val Asp Lys Glu Ala Lys Asp Lys Ser Leu Phe
785 790 795 800
Asp Leu Leu Val Ala Ile Asn Asn Lys Arg Ser Asn Lys Arg Glu Glu
805 810 815
Arg Thr Ser Arg Ile Ala Ser Ser Leu Met Thr Val Ala Gln Lys Tyr
820 825 830
Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Val Val His Val Val Val Glu Gly Asn Leu Ser
835 840 845
Ser Thr Asp Arg Ser Ala Ser Lys Ala His Asn Arg Asn Thr Met Asp
850 855 860
Trp Cys Ser Arg Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Glu Asp Met Cys Asn Leu
865 870 875 880
Tyr Gly Phe Asn Ile Lys Gly Val Pro Ala Phe Tyr Thr Ser His Gln
885 890 895
Asp Pro Leu Val His Arg Ala Asp Tyr Asp Asp Pro Lys Pro Ala Leu
900 905 910
Arg Cys Arg Tyr Ser Ser Tyr Ser Arg Ala Asp Phe Ser Lys Trp Gly
915 920 925
Gln Asn Ala Leu Ala Ala Val Val Arg Trp Ala Ser Asn Lys Lys Ser
930 935 940
Asn Thr Cys Tyr Lys Val Gly Ala Val Glu Phe Leu Lys Gln His Gly
945 950 955 960
Leu Phe Ala Asp Lys Lys Leu Thr Val Glu Gln Phe Leu Ser Lys Val
965 970 975
Lys Asp Glu Glu Ile Leu Ile Pro Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Val Phe Leu
980 985 990
Thr Thr His Arg Leu Leu Ala Glu Ser Thr Phe Val Tyr Leu Asn Gly
995 1000 1005
Val Lys Tyr His Ser Cys Asn Ala Asp Glu Val Ala Ala Val Asn Ile
1010 1015 1020
Cys Leu Asn Asp Trp Val Ile Pro Cys Lys Lys Lys Met Lys Glu Glu
1025 1030 1035 1040
Ser Ser Ala Ser Gly
1045
<210> 4
<211> 20
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 4
ccaagucgau uggacugacu 20
<210> 5
<211> 20
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 5
gacugacucc cauaauugac 20
<210> 6
<211> 20
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 6
gucaauuaug ggagucaguc 20
<210> 7
<211> 20
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 7
agucuuuguc aauuauggga 20
<210> 8
<211> 17
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 8
ugaagaaauc aaacgua 17
<210> 9
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 9
gauuucuuca aaagacagc 19
<210> 10
<211> 23
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 10
agagaaugug ugcauaguca cac 23
<210> 11
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 11
tgttggcgga tcctcgttac 20
<210> 12
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 12
ccataagaca cggcagacct 20
<210> 13
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 13
gttggcggat cctcgttact 20
<210> 14
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 14
ccataagaca cggcagacct t 21
<210> 15
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 15
aaacgatggg ttggggttga 20
<210> 16
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 16
ttgaccgaat actggggagc 20
<210> 17
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 17
gtggtgctgc acaagtgtta g 21
Claims (12)
1.一种用于检测甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的gRNA,所述gRNA包括与V型Cas蛋白结合的区域和与靶核酸杂交的导向序列,所述靶核酸为来源于甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的核酸;其特征在于,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列选自下组任意一种或其组合:
(1)所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列含有17-30个碱基,并且与SEQ ID No.2所示的序列或其反向互补序列杂交,并且所述导向序列包含SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列;
(2)所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列包含SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列,并且在SEQ IDNo.8-9任一所示的序列的3’端还包括1-13个碱基,并且,所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列与SEQ ID No.2所示的序列或其反向互补序列杂交;
(3)所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列与SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示的序列相比,在SEQ IDNo.8-9任一所示的序列的3’端连续缺失1-4个碱基;
(4)所述与靶核酸杂交的导向序列如SEQ ID No.8-9任一所示。
2.一种检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒或甘薯病毒病的方法,所述方法包括将待测核酸与V型Cas蛋白、权利要求1所述的gRNA和单链核酸检测器接触;检测由Cas蛋白切割单链核酸检测器产生的可检测信号,从而检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒或甘薯病毒病。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括从待测样品中获得待测核酸的步骤。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括采用引物对进行扩增获得待测核酸的步骤。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述引物对选自如下i和/或ii:
i、引物对的上游引物如SEQ ID No.15所示,所述引物对的下游引物如SEQ ID No.16所示;
ii、引物对的上游引物如SEQ ID No.17所示,所述引物对的下游引物如SEQ ID No.16所示。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述样品为来自植物或植物的传毒介质的样品。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述可检测信号可通过以下任一方式实现:基于视觉的检测,基于传感器的检测,颜色检测,基于金纳米颗粒的检测,荧光偏振,荧光信号,胶体相变,电化学检测或基于半导体的检测。
8.一种用于检测或诊断待测植物是否感染甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的系统、组合物或试剂盒,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒包括V型Cas蛋白、权利要求1所述的gRNA和单链核酸检测器。
9.一种检测/诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒或者甘薯病毒病的系统、组合物或试剂盒,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒包括权利要求1所述的gRNA,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒还包括V型Cas蛋白以及单链核酸检测器。
10.根据权利要求8-9任一所述的系统、组合物或试剂盒,其特征在于,所述系统、组合物或试剂盒包括权利要求5中的引物对。
11.权利要求8-10任一所述的组合物在诊断或检测甘薯病毒病中的用途,或者在用于制备诊断或检测甘薯病毒病的试剂或试剂盒中的用途。
12.权利要求8-10任一所述的组合物在检测或诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒中的用途,或者在制备检测或诊断甘薯褪绿矮化病毒的试剂或试剂盒中的用途。
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