CN114012086A - Preparation method of polyethylene glycol gold nanorod - Google Patents
Preparation method of polyethylene glycol gold nanorod Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a polyethylene glycol gold nanorod, which comprises the following steps: c) adding K into gold nanorod solution prepared by a seed-mediated method2CO3Solution with HS- (O-CH)2‑CH2)nAnd (4) dripping alkali liquor into the mixed solution of-OH to adjust the pH value, and putting the precipitate into ultrapure water after stirring, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the polyethylene glycol gold nanorod. Compared with the common method, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the operation steps are fewer and quick, the CTAB molecule can be efficiently replaced, and the cytotoxicity is effectively eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a polyethylene glycol gold nanorod.
Background
In recent years, gold nanorods have attracted much attention in the fields of plasma, molecular sensing, photothermal cancer therapy, and the like. Anisotropic plasmonic gold nanoparticles have unique optical and electronic properties, and gold nanorods exhibit significant advantages over other types of gold nanoparticles, including local surface plasmon resonance properties, and can be tuned by controlling their size:
shape and aspect ratio. Gold nanorods have two types of surface plasmon bands: the transverse plasmon peak and the longitudinal plasmon peak are generated by excitation by radiation light from the short axis and the long axis, respectively. The transverse plasma peak is generally fixed at 520nm, and the longitudinal plasma peak can be regulated and controlled in the range from visible light to infrared light.
The most commonly used method for synthesizing gold nanorods is a seed-mediated method, which uses Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and silver nitrate to regulate the synthesis and aspect ratio of the gold nanorods.
CTAB adsorbs tightly on the gold surface to form a bilayer to stabilize the shape. In addition, during the synthesis, silver ions are reduced to deposit on the gold surface in the form of silver atoms. Under the aerobic condition, the silver atoms are oxidized to form water-soluble silver ions. Because CTAB and silver ions have strong cytotoxicity and high cell membrane breaking capacity, the application of the gold nanorods in biology is greatly limited. In addition, the CTAB layer on the surface of the gold nanorod is difficult to functionalize, thereby hindering the application thereof in the aspects of biological recognition and the like. Therefore, removing CTAB on the surface of the gold nanorod, preventing silver ions from leaching and functionalizing the surface of the gold nanorod are the keys of wide application in the biomedical field.
The most widely used method for removing CTAB from gold nanorods is to perform multiple washing, and perform surface molecule (thiolated polyethylene glycol, HS-PEG) replacement through complicated steps, although CTAB on the surface of the gold nanorods and the solution can be removed. However, the method is difficult to ensure complete replacement of the CTAB molecules on the surface of the gold nanorods, and simultaneously CTAB in the solution remains on the surface and causes the gold nanorods to be unstable for many times and generate agglomeration and precipitation, so that the complex steps are time-consuming and labor-consuming, difficult to operate, and prone to one-step error and full-plate failure.
Therefore, a simple, efficient and robust method for removing CTAB on the surface of gold nanorods is urgently needed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a polyethylene glycol gold nanorod.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present application provides the following technical solutions.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing pegylated gold nanorods, the method comprising the following steps:
c) adding K into gold nanorod solution prepared by a seed-mediated method2CO3Solution with HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nAnd (4) dripping alkali liquor into the mixed solution of-OH to adjust the pH value, and putting the precipitate into ultrapure water after stirring, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the polyethylene glycol gold nanorod.
Usually HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nReplacement of CTAB by-OH is inefficient and does not guarantee that CTAB molecules are replaced by HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nOH can only replace part of CTAB molecule. Under the alkaline condition, the CTAB bilayer is unstable and is easy to separate from the surface of gold; HS- (O-CH)2-CH2) The n-OH molecules are more efficiently combined with the gold surface to form S-Au bonds. K2CO3The solution can be adjusted with mild pH value to reach ideal reaction alkaline condition.
In addition, the method is suitable for different types of polyethylene glycol molecules, can be selected according to actual conditions, and is convenient for the next step of surface functional modification, such as HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)n-COOH、HS-(O-CH2-CH2)n-NH3Polyethylene glycol molecules with-COOH, -NH3The functional group can be used for further surface modification functionalization reaction.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nThe relative molecular weight of-OH is 2000-5000Da, and the K is2CO3The molar concentration of the solution is 1-10mM, the K is2CO3Solution and HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nThe volume ratio of-OH is 1: 1-10.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the alkaline solution is a KOH solution, the molar concentration of KOH is 1 to 5mM, and the pH of the solution after adjustment is 8 to 10. HS- (O-CH) at pH 8-102-CH2) The efficiency of replacing CTAB molecules by n-OH is higher, wherein CTAB double molecules are unstable under the condition and are easy to separate from the surface of gold; HS- (O-CH)2-CH2) The n-OH molecules are more efficiently combined with the gold surface to form S-Au bonds.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step c), the rotation speed for stirring is 200-800rpm, and the stirring time is 12-24 h.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step c), the centrifugation is at least two times, wherein the rotation speed for centrifugation is 8000-.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the seed-mediated process comprises the steps of: b) during the stirring process, AgNO is added3Adding the aqueous solution into CTAB solution, and then adding HAuCl in sequence4And centrifuging the solution, the ascorbic acid solution and the seed solution after reaction, and putting the precipitate into ultrapure water to obtain the gold nanorod solution.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the AgNO3、CTAB、HAuCl4Ascorbic acid, K2CO3The molar ratio of (1-2.5: 800-1200:2-8:4-8: 2-6).
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the seed solution is added in an amount of 8-20 μ L.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step b), the rotation speed of the stirring is 200-800 rpm.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step b), the temperature of the reaction is 20 to 40 ℃ and the time of the reaction is 1 to 3 hours.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step b), the rotation speed for centrifugation is 8000-12000rpm, and the centrifugation time is 15-30 min.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the method of preparing the seed solution comprises the steps of: a) HAuCl is added into CTAB solution4Solution, then NaBH is added under stirring4And reacting and standing the solution to obtain the seed solution.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the CTAB, HAuCl, and the like are combined in a single package4And NaBH4The molar ratio of (A) is 800-1000: 2-3: 4-8.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the NaBH4The temperature of the solution at the time of dropwise addition was 0 to 4 ℃.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step a), the rotation speed of the stirring is 400-800 rpm.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, in step a), the temperature of the reaction is 20 to 40 ℃ and the reaction time is 5 to 10 min;
in one embodiment of the first aspect, in step a), the time of standing is at least 1 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the common method, the method has the advantages of few operation steps and high speed.
(2) Can replace CTAB molecule with high efficiency and eliminate cytotoxicity.
(3) The gold nanorod surface is pegylated, so that the biological property and the sex are improved, and the gold nanorod is better applied to the field of biomedicine.
(4) The method is suitable for different types of polyethylene glycol molecules, can be selected according to actual conditions, and is convenient for the next step of surface functional modification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a UV spectrum of the gold pegylated nanorods prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an electron microscope scan of the gold pegylated nanorods prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise indicated, implied from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages herein are by weight and the testing and characterization methods used are synchronized with the filing date of the present application. Where applicable, the contents of any patent, patent application, or publication referred to in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and their equivalent family patents are also incorporated by reference, especially as they disclose definitions relating to synthetic techniques, products and process designs, polymers, comonomers, initiators or catalysts, and the like, in the art. To the extent that a definition of a particular term disclosed in the prior art is inconsistent with any definitions provided herein, the definition of the term provided herein controls.
The numerical ranges in this application are approximations, and thus may include values outside of the ranges unless otherwise specified. A numerical range includes all numbers from the lower value to the upper value, in increments of 1 unit, provided that there is a separation of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if a component, physical or other property (e.g., molecular weight, etc.) is recited as 100 to 1000, it is intended that all individual values, e.g., 100, 101,102, etc., and all subranges, e.g., 100 to 166,155 to 170,198 to 200, etc., are explicitly recited. For ranges containing a numerical value less than 1 or containing a fraction greater than 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.5, etc.), then 1 unit is considered appropriate to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1. For ranges containing single digit numbers less than 10 (e.g., 1 to 5), 1 unit is typically considered 0.1. These are merely specific examples of what is intended to be expressed and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application. It should also be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like herein do not define a sequential order, but merely distinguish between different structures.
When used with respect to chemical compounds, the singular includes all isomeric forms and vice versa (e.g., "hexane" includes all isomers of hexane, individually or collectively) unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the use of the terms "a", "an" or "the" are intended to include the plural forms thereof.
The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and derivatives thereof do not exclude the presence of any other component, step or procedure, and are not intended to exclude the presence of other elements, steps or procedures not expressly disclosed herein. To the extent that any doubt is eliminated, all compositions herein containing, including, or having the term "comprise" may contain any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound, unless expressly stated otherwise. Rather, the term "consisting essentially of … …" excludes any other components, steps or processes from the scope of any of the terms hereinafter recited, except those necessary for performance. The term "consisting of … …" does not include any components, steps or processes not specifically described or listed. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "or" refers to the listed individual members or any combination thereof.
Examples
The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and the specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
1. Seed solution preparation
9.75mL of a 0.1M CTAB solution was added to a glass vial, placed in a 30 ℃ water bath and stirred slowly. At the same time, NaBH was prepared at a concentration of 0.01M4The solution was then inserted into ice for at least 10 minutes. Thereafter, 0.25mL of 0.01M HAuCl was added to the CTAB solution4The solution was then mixed with 0.6mL of NaBH under vigorous stirring4The color of the solution immediately changed from bright yellow to tan. After 5 minutes, the solution was left to stand in the water bath for 1 hour.
2. Preparation of gold nanorods
The seed solution prepared in the previous step is used for preparing gold nanorods. Under slow stirring at 30 deg.C, 180 μ L of 0.01M AgNO3The aqueous solution was added to 9.5mL of a 0.1M CTAB solution. Then, 0.5mL of 0.01M HAuCl was added4Solution, 55. mu.L ascorbic acid 0.1M(AA) solution and finally 12. mu.L of seed solution. After the addition of AA, the color of the solution changed from bright yellow to colorless.
After one hour, the solution was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 8500rpm for 15 minutes. The supernatant was then removed and the pellet resuspended in 10mL of ultrapure water. And (4) storing the gold nanorod solution in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
3. Gold nanorods pegylation
2mL of 2mM K mixed in equal volume is added into the synthesized gold nanorod solution2CO3And HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nOH (molecular weight 2000-5000Da) and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 9 with 1mM KOH solution. Mix with a rotary mixer for 24 hours at room temperature.
After 24 hours, the solution was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 8500rpm for 15 minutes, which was repeated twice. The supernatant was then removed and the pellet resuspended in 10mL of ultrapure water. The polyethylene glycol gold nanorod solution is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
The prepared pegylated gold nanorods were subjected to ultraviolet spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy scanning, and the results are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, respectively. From the figure we can see the morphology of gold nanorods.
The removal efficiency of CTAB molecules on the surface of the gold nanorods is tested by further X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We selected the C1S, O1S, S2 p and N1S regions for scanning and determined the residual amount of CTAB molecules by calculating the ratio of the N atom concentration, since CTAB molecules are the only source of N atoms in XPS spectra. Through detection, the invention can completely remove CTAB on the surface of the gold nanorod.
Example 2
(1) Seed solution preparation
8.0mL of a 0.1M CTAB solution was added to the vial, placed in a 40 ℃ water bath, and stirred slowly (400 rpm). At the same time, NaBH was prepared at a concentration of 0.01M4The solution was then inserted into ice for at least 10 minutes. Thereafter, 0.2mL of 0.01M HAuCl was added to the CTAB solution4The solution was then mixed with 0.8mL of NaBH under vigorous stirring4The color of the solution immediately changed from bright yellow to tan. After 5 minutes, the solution was allowed to stand in the water bath for 2 hours.
(2) Generation of gold nanorods
The seed solution prepared in the previous step is used for preparing gold nanorods. 100 μ L of 0.01M AgNO was added at 20 ℃ with slow stirring (200rpm)3The aqueous solution was added to 12mL of 0.1M CTAB solution. Then, 0.2mL of 0.01M HAuC was added4Solution, 40. mu.L of Ascorbic Acid (AA) solution at a concentration of 0.1M and finally 8. mu.L of seed solution. After the addition of AA, the color of the solution changed from bright yellow to colorless. The mixture was stirred for 1 minute and then left to stand in the dark for 2 hours. The color changed to red in about 15 minutes, indicating that the synthesis of the gold nanorods was successful. After one hour, the solution was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 8000rpm for 30 minutes. The supernatant was then removed and the pellet resuspended in 10mL Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (pH 7.4). The gold nanorod solution is stored at room temperature.
(3) Gold nanorods pegylation
2mL of 1mM K mixed at a volume ratio of 1:5 was added to the synthesized gold nanorod solution2CO3And HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nOH (molecular weight 2000-5000Da) and 2mM KOH solution to adjust the pH value of the mixed solution to 10. Mix with a rotary mixer for 12 hours at room temperature.
After 12 hours, the solution was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 8000rpm for 30 minutes, repeated twice. The supernatant was then removed and the pellet resuspended in 10mL of ultrapure water. The polyethylene glycol gold nanorod solution is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
Through detection, the invention can completely remove CTAB on the surface of the gold nanorod.
Example 3
(1) Seed solution preparation
10mL of a 0.1M CTAB solution was added to a glass vial, placed in a water bath at 20 ℃ and stirred slowly. At the same time, NaBH was prepared at a concentration of 0.01M4The solution was then inserted into ice for at least 10 minutes. Thereafter, add to CTAB solution0.3mL HAuCl at a concentration of 0.01M4The solution was then mixed with 0.4mL of NaBH under vigorous stirring4The color of the solution immediately changed from bright yellow to tan. After 10 minutes, the solution was left to stand in the water bath for 1 hour.
(2) Generation of gold nanorods
The seed solution prepared in the previous step is used for preparing gold nanorods. 250 μ L of a 0.01M aqueous solution of AgNO3 was added to 8mL of a 0.1M CTAB solution with slow stirring (800rpm) at 40 ℃. Then, 0.8mL of 0.01M HAuC was added4Solution, 80. mu.L Ascorbic Acid (AA) solution at a concentration of 0.1M and finally 20. mu.L seed solution. After the addition of AA, the color of the solution changed from bright yellow to colorless. The mixture was stirred for 1 minute and then left to stand in the dark for 3 hours. The color changed to red in about 15 minutes, indicating that the synthesis of the gold nanorods was successful. After one hour, the solution was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 12000rpm for 15 minutes. The supernatant was then removed and the pellet resuspended in 10mL Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (pH 7.4). The gold nanorod solution is stored at room temperature.
(3) Gold nanorods pegylation
2mL of 10mM K mixed at a volume ratio of 1:10 was added to the synthesized gold nanorod solution2CO3And HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nOH (molecular weight 2000-5000Da) and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 8 by using 5mM KOH solution. Mix with a rotary mixer for 18 hours at room temperature.
After 18 hours, the solution was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 12000rpm for 15 minutes, which was repeated twice. The supernatant was then removed and the pellet resuspended in 10mL of ultrapure water. The polyethylene glycol gold nanorod solution is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
Through detection, the invention can completely remove CTAB on the surface of the gold nanorod.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and appreciation of the application by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments herein, and those skilled in the art who have the benefit of this disclosure will appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the present application without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the polyethylene glycol gold nanorod is characterized by comprising the following steps:
c) adding K into gold nanorod solution prepared by a seed-mediated method2CO3Solution with HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nAnd (4) dripping alkali liquor into the mixed solution of-OH to adjust the pH value, and putting the precipitate into ultrapure water after stirring, centrifuging and filtering to obtain the polyethylene glycol gold nanorod.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the HS- (O-CH) is selected from the group consisting of2-CH2)nThe relative molecular weight of-OH is 2000-5000Da, and the K is2CO3The molar concentration of the solution is 1-10mM, the K is2CO3Solution and HS- (O-CH)2-CH2)nThe volume ratio of-OH is 1: 1-10.
3. The method for preparing gold pegylated nanorods according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution is KOH solution, the molar concentration of KOH is 1-5mM, and the pH of the solution after adjustment is 8-10.
4. The method for preparing gold pegylated nanorods according to claim 1, wherein in the step c), the rotation speed for stirring is 200-800rpm, and the stirring time is 12-24 h;
in the step c), the centrifugation is at least twice, the rotation speed for the centrifugation is 8000-12000rpm, and the time for each centrifugation is 15-30 min.
5. The method of preparing gold pegylated nanorods according to claim 1, wherein the seed mediated method comprises the steps of:
b) during the stirring process, AgNO is added3Adding the aqueous solution into CTAB solution, and then adding HAuCl in sequence4And centrifuging the solution, the ascorbic acid solution and the seed solution after reaction, and putting the precipitate into ultrapure water to obtain the gold nanorod solution.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the AgNO is prepared by the method of AgNO3、CTAB、HAuCl4Ascorbic acid, K2CO3The molar ratio of (1-2.5: 800-1200:2-8:4-8: 2-6);
the addition amount of the seed solution is 8-20 mu L.
7. The method for preparing the gold pegylated nanorods as recited in claim 5, wherein in the step b), the rotation speed of the stirring is 200-800 rpm;
in the step b), the reaction temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h;
in the step b), the rotation speed for centrifugation is 8000-12000rpm, and the centrifugation time is 15-30 min.
8. The method of preparing gold pegylated nanorods according to claim 5, wherein the method of preparing the seed solution comprises the steps of:
a) HAuCl is added into CTAB solution4Solution, then NaBH is added under stirring4And reacting and standing the solution to obtain the seed solution.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the CTAB and HAuCl are used in the preparation of the pegylated gold nanorod4And NaBH4The molar ratio of (A) is 800-1000: 2-3: 4-8;
the NaBH4The temperature of the solution at the time of dropwise addition was 0-4℃。
10. The method for preparing the gold pegylated nanorods as recited in claim 8, wherein in the step a), the rotation speed of the stirring is 400-800 rpm;
in the step a), the reaction temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the reaction time is 5-10 min;
in step a), the standing time is at least 1 h.
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