CN114011900A

CN114011900A - Aluminum alloy-aluminum base composite material composite board and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114011900A
Application number: CN202111269793.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡志力; 郑佳; 华林
Original assignee: Wuhan University of Technology WUT
Current assignee: Wuhan University of Technology WUT
Priority date: 2021-10-29
Filing date: 2021-10-29
Publication date: 2022-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-29
Also published as: CN114011900B

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite board and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, preparing an aluminum-based composite material plate; the base material of the aluminum-based composite material plate is aluminum alloy; the raw material of the aluminum alloy contains rare earth element particles, the weight of the rare earth element particles accounts for 0.2-2% of the total weight of the raw material of the aluminum alloy, and the rare earth element particles comprise rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum and cerium; s2, pre-strengthening treatment; s3, shearing plastic deformation processing; and S4, carrying out heat treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate. According to the invention, the aluminum-based composite material plate is reinforced by the rare earth element, and the aluminum-based composite material and the pretreated aluminum plate are compounded through shearing plastic deformation treatment, so that the whole process is short in process flow, low in cost and high in efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale production; the composite board prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness.

Description

Aluminum alloy-aluminum base composite material composite board and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite board and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal matrix composite material manufacturing.

Background

In recent years, 6xxx aluminum alloys have been the focus of attention in the fields of automobile manufacturing, national electrical power, and the like, for their low density, high specific strength, and good fracture toughness. However, with the increase of traffic and power grid construction pressure in China, the performance of the existing 6xxx aluminum alloy material cannot meet related requirements.

The design direction of the main components of the aluminum alloy is adjusted to be a breakthrough, the content of elements with high solid solubility is increased, the content of elements with low solid solubility is reduced, the residual crystal phase which deteriorates the comprehensive performance is eliminated, and the introduction of the rare earth specific trace elements which can form coherent multi-element dispersed phases is an important means for improving the performance of the aluminum alloy and developing novel aluminum alloy materials. The effect of rare earth elements on aluminum matrix is mainly reflected in three aspects: 1) modification and refinement; the rare earth element is used as a nucleation core to inhibit the growth of crystal grains and play a role in refining the crystal grains. 2) Strengthening the microalloying elements; the composite material can play a role in solid solution strengthening when the content of the rare earth element is low, and can play a role in second phase dispersion strengthening when the content of the rare earth element is high. 3) Purifying the matrix; form stable compound with the matrix to eliminate impurity. Therefore, the research on the rare earth element microalloyed aluminum matrix composite has wide application scenes.

The shearing plastic deformation processing technology has the capability of grain refinement, can refine the internal structure of the material to submicron or even nanometer, and is the most promising method for preparing nano and ultrafine grain materials which is internationally acknowledged. In recent years, the shear plastic deformation technology has been rapidly developed, and mainly includes: friction Stir Processing (FSP), single-point incremental forming, rotary rolling, Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), repeated rolling and the like. The FSP is used as a novel solid phase connecting means, the processed workpiece is subjected to plastic deformation through the strong stirring action of the stirring head, and the FSP is green and environment-friendly, and can simultaneously realize the tissue refinement, densification and homogenization of the material and is generally accepted; the single-point incremental forming is a forming method for controlling a specific tool head to form a plate in a layered mode by a preset forming track, and the forming is usually carried out by performing continuous deformation accumulation in a sliding friction relation between the tool head and the plate. It has the advantages of low cost, energy saving, little pollution, small load, high flexibility and the like; the double-roller swing rolling is a local pressurization continuous plastic forming technology, the processing process of the cone roller rolling is local pressurization accumulated deformation, and the rolling force is characterized in that the position of a resultant force action line is unchanged and is superposed with the axial lead of a machine tool, and the rolling has the advantages of labor saving, energy saving, high production efficiency, material saving, quasi-static pressure processing, no vibration, no noise and the like; ECAP is a shearing plastic deformation processing technology for pressing a sample into a specially designed mould to realize large deformation, and the grains of the material are refined mainly by the action of pure shearing force in the deformation process.

Although the shear plastic deformation processing technique has the above advantages, each technique has some problems: the friction stir technique has the conditions that a stirring head is easy to wear, and a strict assembly tool is required; the sliding friction commonly used in single-point incremental forming can cause scratches on the surface of a formed part, so that the surface quality is poor; in addition, a large amount of lubricating fluid needs to be consumed and the lubricating fluid is difficult to really reach the contact surface between the forming member and the tool bit, so that the lubricating effect is poor; the service life of the double-roller rotary forging die needs to be improved, and the shape of a machined part is simpler at present; thus restricting the development of the above forming techniques; the equal channel angular pressing technology can generate the phenomenon of texture weakening after multi-pass denaturation.

Compared with aluminum-based composite materials, the traditional aluminum alloy has higher elongation and lower strength; the composite board is prepared by compounding the aluminum alloy board and the aluminum-based composite board, so that the effects of high elongation and high strength are achieved.

In the invention patent with the publication number of CN 110923495A, the aluminum-based composite material synergistically reinforced by particles and rare earth is prepared by a melt direct reaction method, and the obtained aluminum-based composite material has high strength and high toughness. However, under the action of the in-situ electromagnetic field, the preparation process is complicated, difficult to operate and not beneficial to popularization and application in the industrial field.

In the invention patent with publication number CN 110480018A, an aluminum-based composite plate is prepared by mixing a composite material composed of a reinforcement and pure aluminum powder, and an aluminum alloy material subjected to annealing treatment is subjected to rolling deformation treatment, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy/aluminum-based composite plate. However, this process results in agglomeration of the particles, which are not uniformly dispersed in the composite material, and the properties of the composite material are correspondingly reduced.

The invention patent with the publication number of CN 101724795A prepares an aluminum-based composite material which simultaneously strengthens pure aluminum by aluminum borate whisker and carbon nano tube. The elongation of the obtained composite material is only 3.69%, so that the composite material does not accord with the development concept of high strength and high toughness of the high-strength aluminum alloy, and the application of the composite material in the aerospace industry is limited.

The invention patent with publication number CN 106583538A discloses an axial vibration device for a single-point incremental forming tool head, which drives a tool head with a top rod to generate axial vibration by the rotation of a numerical control machine tool spindle, so that the original continuous extrusion friction motion is converted into high-frequency point pressing motion. However, the utility of the equipment is limited to a certain extent because the equipment is not specified to be processed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate prepared by the method has high strength and high toughness by exploring and adopting an efficient preparation process.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate, which comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing an aluminum-based composite material plate;

the base material of the aluminum-based composite material plate is aluminum alloy; the raw material of the aluminum alloy contains rare earth element particles, the weight of the rare earth element particles accounts for 0.2-2% of the total weight of the raw material of the aluminum alloy, and the rare earth element particles comprise rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum and cerium;

s2, pre-strengthening the aluminum alloy plate and the aluminum-based composite material plate prepared in the step S1;

s3, carrying out shearing plastic deformation treatment on the plate obtained in the step S2 to compound the aluminum alloy plate and the aluminum-based composite plate;

s4, carrying out heat treatment on the plate obtained in the step S3 to obtain the aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate.

Because the elongation of the traditional aluminum alloy is higher, the rare earth element-doped aluminum-based composite material is compounded with the aluminum alloy plate by shear plastic deformation to prepare the composite plate by improving the good interface bonding property between the rare earth element and the aluminum matrix, so that the composite plate with good matching of strength, plasticity and toughness can be obtained after the performance advantages of the initial material are complemented. The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by designing the rare earth element, the aluminum plate is subjected to pre-strengthening treatment, the aluminum-based composite material and the aluminum plate are subjected to shearing plastic deformation treatment and then subjected to short-time high-temperature heat preservation strengthening heat treatment, so that the rare earth element reinforced aluminum-based composite material/aluminum alloy composite plate with excellent performance is prepared, and a new idea is provided for the processing of the composite plate.

Preferably, in step S1, the rare earth element particles are present in an amount of 0.6 to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the raw material of the aluminum alloy.

Preferably, in step S1, in the raw material of the aluminum alloy, the content of yttrium is 0.2-1.7%, the content of lanthanum is 0.02-0.15%, and the content of cerium is 0.02-0.15%, by mass%.

Preferably, the mass ratio of yttrium to lanthanum to cerium is (8-12): (0.8-1.2): 1.

preferably, in step S1, the aluminum alloy raw material includes the following elements by mass percent: yttrium: 0.4% -0.9%, lanthanum: 0.05% -0.08%, cerium: 0.03% -0.09%, zirconium: 0.05% -0.15%, vanadium: 0.04% -0.08%, germanium: 0.2% -0.5%, nickel: 0.1% -0.3%, titanium: 0.1% -0.6%, iron: 0.5% -1.1%, ruthenium: 0.02% -0.05%, copper: 0.15-0.4%, manganese: 0.15%, magnesium: 0.8-1.2%, zinc: 0.25%, chromium: 0.04-0.35%, titanium: 0.14-0.16%, silicon: 0.4-0.8%, aluminum: and (4) the balance.

Preferably, in step S1, the particle size of the rare earth element particles is 100nm or less. The invention finds that the particle size of the rare earth element particles has great influence on the performance of the composite board, and preferably, the rare earth element nanoparticles are used. More preferably, the rare earth element particles have a particle size of 30-80 nm. Wherein the particle size of the particles is based on the median particle diameter D50.

Preferably, in step S3, the plastic deformation process is performed by friction stir processing. As described in the background of the invention, there are many methods of shear plastic deformation, and each of the deformation methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the deformation method using friction stir processing is superior to other plastic deformation methods for the composite sheet of the present invention, particularly for the aluminum-based composite sheet modified with the addition of three rare earth elements.

Preferably, in step S2, the aluminum alloy sheet is a 6-series aluminum alloy sheet.

Preferably, in step S2, the pre-emphasis process conditions are: firstly, processing for 0.4-1h at 510-550 ℃; then the mixture is treated for 2 to 6 hours at the temperature of 110-150 ℃.

Preferably, in step S4, the heat treatment condition is short-time high-temperature heat preservation strengthening treatment, and the specific conditions are as follows: the temperature is 180-300 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min.

As the same inventive concept, the invention also provides the aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate obtained by the preparation method.

Preferably, the thickness of the composite board prepared by the invention is 1-4 mm.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the aluminum-based composite material plate is reinforced by the rare earth element, and the aluminum-based composite material and the pretreated aluminum plate are compounded through shearing plastic deformation treatment, so that the whole process is short in process flow, low in cost and high in efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale production; the composite board prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in order to provide a more clear illustration and understanding of the technology. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiment examples and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Example one

The embodiment provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate, the process flow of which is shown in fig. 1, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing the aluminum matrix composite material plate:

melting aluminum alloy by using melting furnace equipment, and controlling the melting equipment to be 760 ℃; after the aluminum alloy is completely melted, 0.7 percent of yttrium, 0.08 percent of lanthanum and 0.08 percent of cerium are added into the aluminum melt, wherein the weight of the rare earth elements accounts for 0.86 percent of the total weight; then preparing alloy powder (corresponding to the atomized powder in figure 1) from the aluminum alloy melt through gas atomization, and adding reinforcing phase SiC accounting for 1% of the weight of the alloy powder; then sintering treatment (corresponding to the sintering in figure 1) is carried out, the sintering temperature is 560 ℃, the pressure is 50MPa, and heat preservation is carried out for 3min, so as to obtain the aluminum-based composite material plate (or called aluminum alloy composite material plate, corresponding to the aluminum alloy composite material in figure 1);

s2, pre-strengthening treatment

And (4) performing pre-strengthening treatment on the aluminum alloy composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate in the step S1, performing solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 35min, and then performing pre-strengthening, wherein the pre-strengthening mode is pre-aging, the pre-aging temperature is 110 ℃, and the time is 4 h.

S3, friction stir processing deformation treatment:

polishing the aluminum-based composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate in the step S1, wiping the surfaces of the aluminum-based composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate with acetone, and fixing the aluminum-based composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate on a workbench, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head in friction stir welding is 2000r/min, the welding speed is 50mm/min, the axial pressing amount is 0-0.5 mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring head is 1-5 degrees; the two aluminum plates have the same length and width, the length is about 2000-3000 mm, and the width is about 1100-1800 mm.

S4, heat treatment:

and (3) carrying out short-time high-temperature heat preservation strengthening on the plate subjected to deformation treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate with the thickness of 3 mm.

The mechanical properties of the composite sheet obtained in this example are shown in Table 1.

Example two

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: reducing the rare earth element nano-particles to 0.4 percent of yttrium, 0.05 percent of lanthanum and 0.05 percent of cerium until the weight of the rare earth element accounts for 0.5 percent of the total weight. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

EXAMPLE III

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element nanoparticles yttrium 0.9%, lanthanum 0.08%, cerium 0.08% were added until the weight of rare earth element was 1.06% of the total weight. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

Example four

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the particle size of the rare earth elements is 20 nm. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

EXAMPLE five

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the particle size of the rare earth elements is 40 mu m. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

EXAMPLE six

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: when the shearing plastic deformation processing method is double-roller swing rolling, the feeding speed of the adopted female die is not less than 0.8mm/s and not more than upsilon₁Less than or equal to 1.6mm/s, and the rotating speed n of the upper die₁Is 70 r/min; the deformation range is 45 percent; the diameter of the adopted roller is 200mm, and the rotating speed is 15 r/min; the two aluminum plates used were equal in length and width, about 3000mm in length and about 1100mm in width. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

EXAMPLE seven

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the shearing plastic deformation processing method is single-point incremental forming, the aluminum-based composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate in the step S1 are polished, acetone is used for wiping the surfaces of the aluminum-based composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate, and then the aluminum-based composite material plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are fixed in an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate; fuchs Renoform Fw50s lubricating oil is smeared between the tool head and the plate, the tool head is a rotary insertion type ball head, a stirring pin with threads on the surface of the head of the tool head can be inserted into the plate, and the tool head is moved at 300mm/min to finish the machining of the plate according to a spiral line track with the interlayer spacing of 1 mm. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

Example eight

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: when the shearing plastic deformation processing method is ECAP (equal channel angular pressing), the pre-reinforced high-strength aluminum alloy is subjected to heat preservation treatment and then is placed into an ECAP die for primary pressing, a sample needs to be rotated by 90 degrees or 180 degrees around an axis after the primary pressing, then is subjected to heat preservation treatment, and then is placed into the ECAP die for secondary pressing; in the two ECAP processing and extruding processes, in order to prevent the sample from cracking, a layer of copper sleeve is coated outside the sample to protect the sample; the included angle formed by the two channels is that the inner angle phi is 90 degrees and the outer angle is 45 degrees. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite sheet are shown in table 1.

Table 1: mechanical properties of composite boards of different embodiments

Comparative example 1

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element-changed nano particles comprise 0.7 percent of yttrium, 0 percent of lanthanum and 0 percent of cerium. The tensile strength and elongation of the rare earth element reinforced aluminum matrix composite/aluminum alloy composite plate finally obtained by the comparative example are shown in table 1.

Comparative example No. two

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element-changed nano-particles comprise 0 percent of yttrium, 0.08 percent of lanthanum and 0 percent of cerium. The tensile strength and elongation of the rare earth element reinforced aluminum matrix composite/aluminum alloy composite plate finally obtained by the comparative example are shown in table 1.

Comparative example No. three

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element-changed nano-particles comprise 0 percent of yttrium, 0 percent of lanthanum and 0.08 percent of cerium. The tensile strength and elongation of the rare earth element reinforced aluminum matrix composite/aluminum alloy composite plate finally obtained by the comparative example are shown in table 1.

Comparative example No. four

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element-changed nano-particles comprise 0.7 percent of yttrium, 0.08 percent of lanthanum and 0 percent of cerium. The tensile strength and elongation of the rare earth element reinforced aluminum matrix composite/aluminum alloy composite plate finally obtained by the comparative example are shown in table 1.

Comparative example five

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element-changed nano-particles comprise 0.7 percent of yttrium, 0 percent of lanthanum and 0.08 percent of cerium. The tensile strength and elongation of the rare earth element reinforced aluminum matrix composite/aluminum alloy composite plate finally obtained by the comparative example are shown in table 1.

Comparative example six

The specific method is the same as the first embodiment, and the only different process conditions are as follows: the rare earth element-changed nano-particles comprise 0 percent of yttrium, 0.08 percent of lanthanum and 0.08 percent of cerium. The tensile strength and elongation of the rare earth element reinforced aluminum matrix composite/aluminum alloy composite plate finally obtained by the comparative example are shown in table 1.

Data interpretation:

as can be seen from the first embodiment and the first to sixth comparative examples, the enhancement effect of the addition of three rare earth elements is better than that of the addition of one or two rare earth elements. As can be seen from the first to third examples, the strength and toughness of the composite sheet material are significantly enhanced with appropriate rare earth element components and contents. As can be seen from the fourth and fifth examples, the particle size is suitable at 40nm, and the agglomeration is very easy when the particle size is smaller than 20nm, so the performance is reduced; when the particle size is large (40 μm), the reinforcing phase has a large size, resulting in a decrease in strength. From the sixth embodiment to the eighth embodiment, it can be seen that the strength and toughness enhancement effect of the composite board is obvious by adopting different deformation methods under appropriate process parameters.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite material composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, preparing an aluminum-based composite material plate;

2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the raw material of the aluminum alloy contains, by mass%, 0.2 to 1.7% of yttrium, 0.02 to 0.15% of lanthanum, and 0.02 to 0.15% of cerium.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of yttrium to lanthanum to cerium is (8-12): 0.8-1.2): 1.

4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S3, the shear plastic deformation treatment is performed by friction stir processing.

5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S2, the aluminum alloy sheet is a 6-series aluminum alloy sheet.

6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step S1, the mass percentages of the elements in the raw materials of the aluminum alloy are as follows: yttrium: 0.4% -0.9%, lanthanum: 0.05% -0.08%, cerium: 0.03% -0.09%, zirconium: 0.05% -0.15%, vanadium: 0.04% -0.08%, germanium: 0.2% -0.5%, nickel: 0.1% -0.3%, titanium: 0.1% -0.6%, iron: 0.5% -1.1%, ruthenium: 0.02% -0.05%, copper: 0.15-0.4%, manganese: 0.15%, magnesium: 0.8-1.2%, zinc: 0.25%, chromium: 0.04-0.35%, titanium: 0.14-0.16%, silicon: 0.4-0.8%, aluminum: and (4) the balance.

7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S1, the particle size of the rare earth element particles is 100nm or less.

8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S2, the conditions of the pre-strengthening treatment are: firstly, processing for 0.4-1h at 510-550 ℃; then the mixture is treated for 2 to 6 hours at the temperature of 110-150 ℃.

9. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S4, the heat treatment conditions are: the temperature is 180-300 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min.

10. An aluminum alloy-aluminum matrix composite plate obtained by the production method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 9.