CN111299320B - Preparation method of multilayer ceramic particle tough composite-configuration aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents

Preparation method of multilayer ceramic particle tough composite-configuration aluminum alloy plate Download PDF

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CN111299320B
CN111299320B CN202010179659.3A CN202010179659A CN111299320B CN 111299320 B CN111299320 B CN 111299320B CN 202010179659 A CN202010179659 A CN 202010179659A CN 111299320 B CN111299320 B CN 111299320B
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aluminum alloy
alloy plate
ceramic particle
plate
heat
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CN111299320A (en
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赵庆龙
姜启川
邱丰
庚润
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Jilin University
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
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    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
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    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0068—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a multilayer ceramic particle tough composite-structure aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: step one, respectively preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate; stacking the aluminum alloy plate and the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate, and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate and the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate by using aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated sample; thirdly, putting the prepared sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the sample into a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat, and carrying out hot rolling; step four, cutting the plate obtained after hot rolling, stacking, wrapping with aluminum foil, and placing between two layers of hard alloy for hot rolling again; and repeatedly and circularly performing the step four to obtain the pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate; and fifthly, after the heat preservation of the pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate, air cooling is carried out to obtain the multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate.

Description

Preparation method of multilayer ceramic particle tough composite-configuration aluminum alloy plate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy plate preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a multilayer ceramic particle tough composite-configuration aluminum alloy plate.
Background
The rapid development of the industrial fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like leads to the increasing demand for light and high-performance metal materials. It has received much attention and research due to its high specific strength and low density. The as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy often faces the problems of coarse grains and serious segregation, which can lead to poor deformability of the aluminum alloy and insufficient strength and plasticity for the production of subsequent processing. At present, the means for improving the cast structure of the aluminum alloy in industrial production is plastic deformation which is carried out in advance, and then recovery recrystallization is carried out through the subsequent annealing process, so that uniform and fine grain structures are obtained. The process for refining the grain structure effectively improves the deformability and the strength of the aluminum alloy, thereby meeting the production requirements. At present, the large plastic deformation of the aluminum alloy is widely researched, and the strength of the aluminum alloy plate is difficult to further improve.
In summary, regulating and controlling the grain structure of the aluminum alloy plate, improving the mechanical property and the secondary processing property, reducing the manufacturing cost, and improving the working efficiency of the equipment are important problems to be solved in the aluminum alloy plate industry for many years; the improvement of the grain structure of the aluminum alloy plate is beneficial to improving the performances of fatigue, impact and the like while improving the tensile property. Because the aluminum alloy plate is widely applied and comprises the fields of automobiles, aerospace, high-speed railway passenger cars and the like, the development of the novel high-performance aluminum alloy plate has great application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a preparation method of a multilayer ceramic particle tough composite-structure aluminum alloy plate, and aims to improve the microscopic appearance of the aluminum alloy plate and remarkably improve the room-temperature tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy plate by performing cumulative lap rolling on a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate and an unreinforced aluminum alloy plate.
The invention designs and develops a preparation method of a multi-layer ceramic particle tough composite-structure aluminum alloy plate, and the other purpose of the invention is to further improve the room-temperature tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy plate by reasonably setting the addition amount of ceramic particles in the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate which is overlapped and rolled with the aluminum alloy plate.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate;
stacking the aluminum alloy plate and the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate, and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate and the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate by using aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated sample;
thirdly, putting the prepared sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the sample into a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat, and carrying out hot rolling;
cutting the plate obtained after hot rolling, stacking, wrapping with aluminum foil, and placing between two layers of hard alloy for hot rolling again; and
repeatedly and circularly performing the step four to obtain the pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate;
and fifthly, after the heat preservation of the pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate, air cooling is carried out to obtain the multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate.
Preferably, in the first step, the preparation of the aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
step 1, heating an aluminum alloy base material to 800-850 ℃, and preserving heat after the aluminum alloy base material is completely melted to obtain a first aluminum alloy liquid;
step 2, refining and deslagging the first aluminum alloy liquid, casting the first aluminum alloy liquid into a metal mold after deslagging treatment, and obtaining an aluminum alloy casting;
step 3, turning the aluminum alloy casting, putting the aluminum alloy casting into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat for 6-7 hours, cooling the aluminum alloy casting to room temperature, putting the aluminum alloy casting into a hot extrusion die, heating to 450-470 ℃, preserving heat, and carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded plate;
step 4, placing the aluminum alloy extruded sheet into a nitrogen oven to be heated to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat, and then quenching with water to room temperature; and after polishing, rolling in multiple passes to enable the total pressing amount to be 70%, and thus obtaining the aluminum alloy plate.
Preferably, in the first step, the preparation of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
step a, placing an aluminum alloy substrate in a preheated crucible, and heating to melt to obtain a second aluminum alloy liquid;
b, adding an intermediate alloy containing nano-sized ceramic particles into the second aluminum alloy liquid, and stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted;
c, casting the aluminum alloy into a metal mold after deslagging treatment to obtain a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy casting;
d, turning the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy casting, putting the aluminum alloy casting into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat, and then cooling to room temperature; placing the ceramic particles in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450-470 ℃, and performing hot extrusion forming after heat preservation to obtain a ceramic particle reinforced extruded plate;
step e, putting the ceramic particle reinforced extruded plate into a nitrogen oven to be heated to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat, and then quenching with water to cool to room temperature; and after polishing, rolling in multiple passes to enable the total pressing amount to be 70%, and thus obtaining the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate.
Preferably, in the step b, an intermediate alloy containing nano-sized ceramic particles is added so that the mass of the nano-sized ceramic particles is 0.7 to 5.0 percent of the mass of the second aluminum alloy liquid;
wherein the ceramic particles are TiC, SiC and B4C、TiB2、ZrB2、TiN、Ti(C,N)、AlN、AlB2、TiO2Or Al2O3One or more of them.
Preferably, in the third step, the steel sheet is put into a heat treatment furnace with the temperature of 550-560 ℃ for heat preservation for 10min and then is subjected to hot rolling.
Preferably, in the third step, the hot rolling reduction is 50%.
Preferably, the number of times of the cycle of step four is 3 to 5.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate is placed into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, the temperature is set to be 180 ℃, the heat is preserved for 5 hours, and air cooling is carried out.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy base material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.87 percent; si:0.55 percent; fe:0.59 percent; cu:0.36 percent; mn:0.15 percent; cr:0.17 percent; zn:0.23 percent; 0.16% of Ti: the balance being Al.
Preferably, when the ceramic particles are TiC, the mass fraction of the nano-sized ceramic particles in the master alloy is 30%, and the average size of the ceramic particles is 80 nm; when the ceramic particles are TiB2In the master alloy, the mass fraction of the nano-sized ceramic particles in the master alloy is 20%, and the average size of the ceramic particles is 120 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the preparation method of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate, the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate and the non-reinforced aluminum alloy plate are subjected to accumulated rolling, so that compared with a rolled base alloy, the obtained multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate has the advantages that the grain structure is obviously refined, and the room-temperature tensile strength and the room-temperature yield strength are both obviously improved; provides an important technical support for producing the high-strength rolled composite aluminum alloy material plate.
According to the preparation method of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate, provided by the invention, the room-temperature tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy plate can be further improved by reasonably setting the addition amount of the ceramic particles in the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate which is overlapped and rolled with the aluminum alloy plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grain structure diagram of a 6061 aluminum alloy rolled plate according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a grain structure diagram of a multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate prepared in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a grain structure diagram of a multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate prepared in example 2 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a grain structure diagram of a multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate prepared in example 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
The invention provides a preparation method of a multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) step one, preparation of nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 800-850 ℃, and then placing the weighed commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible to melt the aluminum alloy into aluminum liquid;
(1b) adding an intermediate alloy containing nano-sized ceramic particles into the aluminum liquid, wherein the adding amount of the nano-sized ceramic particles is 0.7-5.0% of the mass of the aluminum liquid, and completely melting the intermediate alloy of the ceramic particles;
(1c) stretching a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 2-3 min;
(1d) adding a deslagging agent accounting for 0.05-0.1 wt.% of molten aluminum for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the molten aluminum into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm;
(1e) cutting off a riser of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80-82 mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 565-570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200-250 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 6-7 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the heat-treated sample in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450-470 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and performing hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) putting the extruded sheet into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565-570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200-250 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then quenching to room temperature along with water; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to the thickness of 5.9-6.0 mm by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling reduction of each time of the first four times is 0.9 mm-1 mm, the rolling reduction of the last time is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, and the total rolling reduction is 70%.
The ceramic particles include, but are not limited to, carbides (e.g., TiC, SiC, B)4C, etc.), borides (e.g. TiB)2、ZrB2、AlB2Etc.), nitrides (e.g., TiN, Ti (C, N), AlN, etc.), oxides (e.g., TiO)2、Al2O3Etc.).
If the ceramic particles adopt TiC, the mass fraction of the nano-sized ceramic particles in the master alloy is 30%, and the preparation method of the master alloy containing the sized ceramic particles in the step (1b) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1b-a) preparing 100g of mixed powder from the carbon nano tube, the titanium powder and the aluminum powder according to the mass ratio of 3:12: 35;
(1b-b) ball-milling the prepared mixed powder for 24-48h by using a ball-milling blender mixer at the speed of 30-50 r/min;
(1b-c) dividing 100g of powder subjected to ball milling into 2 parts (each part is 45-50g), wrapping with aluminum foil, pressing into a cylinder with the diameter of 30mm, and keeping the pressure at 70-80 KN;
(1b-d) placing the prepressing block in a vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace or a vacuum tube furnace, heating to 1123K-1173K, and keeping the temperature for 8-10min until complete reaction is achieved to obtain the nano TiCpA particulate aluminum-based master alloy; nano TiC in intermediate alloypThe average size of the particles is 80-90 nm.
If the ceramic particles adopt TiB2The mass fraction of the nano-sized ceramic particles in the master alloy is 20%, and the preparation method of the master alloy containing the sized ceramic particles in the step (1b) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1b-a) preparing 100g of mixed powder from boron powder, titanium powder and aluminum powder according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 12;
(1b-b) ball-milling the prepared mixed powder for 24-48h by using a ball-milling blender mixer at the speed of 30-50 r/min;
(1b-c) dividing 100g of powder subjected to ball milling into 2 parts (each part is 45-50g), wrapping with aluminum foil, pressing into a cylinder with the diameter of 30mm, and keeping the pressure at 70-80 KN;
(1b-d) placing the prepressing block in a vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace or a vacuum tube furnace to be heated to 1123K-1173K, and preserving the heat for 8-10min until the prepressing block completely reacts to obtain the product containing TiB2A nanoparticulate aluminum-based master alloy; intermediate alloy medium nano TiB2The average size of the particles was 100-150 nm.
(2) Step two, preparation of aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles
(2a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace along with the crucible, and heating to 800-850 ℃.
(2b) After the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.05-0.10 wt.% of slag removing agent to refine and remove slag from the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with the inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removing treatment;
(2c) cutting off a riser of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80-82 mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 565-570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200-250 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 6-7 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the heat-treated sample in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450-470 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and performing hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(2d) putting the extruded sheet into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565-570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200-250 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then quenching to room temperature along with water; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to the thickness of 5.9-6.0 mm by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling reduction of each time of the first four times is 0.9 mm-1 mm, the rolling reduction of the last time is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, and the total rolling reduction is 70%.
(3) Step three, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate
(3a) Pre-grinding the aluminum alloy plate without the nano ceramic particles and the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(3b) taking a pre-ground aluminum alloy plate without the added nano ceramic particles and a nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate, stacking, and wrapping with aluminum foil to obtain a pre-prepared sample;
(3c) placing the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, placing the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550-560 ℃ for heat preservation for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(3d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(3e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-560 ℃ heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (3d) - (3e), repeating for 3-5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate;
(3f) and (3) placing the accumulated rolled composite aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature at 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and air-cooling to obtain the multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate.
Wherein, the hard alloy can be tool steel or die steel; preferably, the hard alloy is H13 steel.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy materials used for smelting in the steps (1a) and (2a) are the same, and the main chemical components of the aluminum alloy materials are as follows by weight percent:
0.87 percent of Mg; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.59 percent of Fe; 0.36 percent of Cu; 0.15 percent of Mn; 0.17 percent of Cr; 0.23 percent of Zn; 0.16 percent of Ti; the balance of Al.
As a further preference, the average size of the ceramic particles in the nano-sized TiC ceramic particle master alloy added in step (1b) is 80 nm; the nano-sized TiB added in the step (1b)2The average size of the ceramic particles in the ceramic particle master alloy is 120 nm.
The preparation method of the multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate provided by the invention is suitable for various common aluminum alloys: such as 6061, 1050, 2024, 3003, 5182, 6022, 7075 type aluminum alloys, and the like.
Example 1
(1) Step one, preparation of nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 850 ℃, and then placing weighed 6061 commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible;
(1b) adding 30% by mass of nano TiC ceramic particle intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, so that the addition of the nano TiC ceramic particles is 3.0% of the mass of the 6061 aluminum liquid, and completely melting the ceramic particle intermediate alloy;
(1c) stretching a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 3 min;
(1d) adding a deslagging agent of 0.05 wt.% of molten aluminum for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the molten aluminum into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm;
(1e) cutting off a riser of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 7 hours, then cooling the cast casting to room temperature, placing the heat-treated sample in a hot extrusion die, heating the sample to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and performing hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation of 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles
(2a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace along with the crucible, and heating to 850 ℃;
(2b) after the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.05 wt.% of slag removing agent to refine and remove slag of the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with the inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removing treatment;
(2c) cutting off a dead head of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(2d) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(3) Step three, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate
(3a) Pre-grinding a 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(3b) respectively laminating and placing a pre-ground 6061 aluminum alloy plate without nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate with aluminum foil to obtain a pre-prepared sample;
(3c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(3d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(3e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (3d) - (3e), and repeating for 5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate;
(3f) and (3) placing the accumulative pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
The 6061 aluminum alloy used for smelting in the steps (1a) and (2a) comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.87 percent of Mg; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.59 percent of Fe; 0.36 percent of Cu; 0.15 percent of Mn; 0.17 percent of Cr; 0.23 percent of Zn; 0.16 percent of Ti; the balance of Al; the average size of the ceramic particles in the nano-sized TiC ceramic particle master alloy added in the step (1b) is 80 nm.
Example 2
(1) Step one, preparation of nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and then placing weighed 6061 commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible;
(1b) adding 30 percent by mass of nano TiC ceramic particle intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, so that the addition of the nano TiC ceramic particles is 0.7 percent of the mass of the 6061 aluminum liquid, and completely melting the ceramic particle intermediate alloy;
(1c) and (5) extending a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 2 min.
(1d) Adding a deslagging agent of 0.1 wt.% of aluminum liquid for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the mixture into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm.
(1e) The cast casting was dead-headed off and turned to a diameter of 82mm by a lathe. Then putting the mixture into a nitrogen oven, heating the mixture to 565 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) the extruded sheet was placed in a nitrogen oven at a heating rate of 250 ℃ per hour to 565 ℃, held for 40min, and then quenched with water to room temperature. Sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation of 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles
(2a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace along with the crucible, and heating to 800 ℃;
(2b) after the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.1 wt.% slag remover to refine and remove slag from the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removal treatment;
(2c) cutting off a dead head of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 82mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565 ℃ at a heating speed of 250 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 6 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(2d) the extruded sheet was placed in a nitrogen oven at a heating rate of 250 ℃ per hour to 565 ℃, held for 40min, and then quenched with water to room temperature. Sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(3) Step three, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate
(3a) Pre-grinding a 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(3b) respectively laminating and placing a pre-ground 6061 aluminum alloy plate without nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate with aluminum foil to obtain a pre-prepared sample;
(3c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a 560 ℃ heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(3d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(3e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (3d) - (3e), repeating for 3 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate;
(3f) and (3) placing the accumulative pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
Example 3
(1) Step one, preparation of nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 850 ℃, and then placing weighed 6061 commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible;
(1b) adding 30% by mass of nano TiC ceramic particle intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, so that the addition of the nano TiC ceramic particles is 5.0% of the mass of the 6061 aluminum liquid, and completely melting the ceramic particle intermediate alloy;
(1c) stretching a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 3 min;
(1d) adding a deslagging agent of 0.05 wt.% of molten aluminum for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the molten aluminum into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm;
(1e) cutting off a riser of the cast casting and turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe; then putting the mixture into a nitrogen oven, heating the mixture to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving the heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) the extruded sheet was placed in a nitrogen oven at a heating rate of 200 ℃ per hour to 570 ℃, held for 30min, and then quenched with water to room temperature. Sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation of 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles
(2a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the crucible and the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace, and heating to 850 ℃.
(2b) After the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.05 wt.% of slag removing agent to refine and remove slag of the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with the inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removing treatment;
(2c) the cast casting was dead-headed off and turned to a diameter of 80mm by a lathe. Then putting the mixture into a nitrogen oven, heating the mixture to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving the heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(2d) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(3) Step three, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate
(3a) Pre-grinding a 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(3b) respectively laminating and placing a pre-ground 6061 aluminum alloy plate without nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate with aluminum foil to obtain a pre-prepared sample;
(3c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(3d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(3e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (3d) - (3e), and repeating for 5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate;
(3f) and (3) placing the accumulative pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
Example 4
(1) Step one, nano TiB2Preparation of particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 850 ℃, and then placing weighed 6061 commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible;
(1b) adding 20 percent of nano-sized TiB by mass into the aluminum liquid2Ceramic particle master alloy to nano-sized TiB2The adding amount of the ceramic particles is 2.0 percent of the mass of the 6061 aluminum liquid, and the intermediate alloy of the ceramic particles is completely melted;
(1c) stretching a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 3 min;
(1d) adding a deslagging agent of 0.05 wt.% of molten aluminum for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the molten aluminum into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm;
(1e) cutting off a riser of the cast casting and turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe; then putting the mixture into a nitrogen oven, heating the mixture to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving the heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation of 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles
(2a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace along with the crucible, and heating to 850 ℃;
(2b) after the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.05 wt.% of slag removing agent to refine and remove slag of the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with the inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removing treatment;
(2c) the cast casting was dead-headed off and turned to a diameter of 80mm by a lathe. Then putting the mixture into a nitrogen oven, heating the mixture to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving the heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the mixture to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(2d) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(3) Step three, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate
(3a) Adding 6061 aluminum alloy plate without nano ceramic particles and nano TiB2Pre-grinding the particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(3b) pre-ground 6061 aluminum alloy plate without nano ceramic particles and nano TiB2Respectively placing the particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plates in a laminated mode and wrapping the plates with aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated sample;
(3c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(3d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(3e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (3d) - (3e), and repeating for 5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate;
(3f) and (3) placing the accumulative pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
Comparative example 1
(1) Step one, preparation of 6061 aluminum alloy without adding nano ceramic particles
(1a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace along with the crucible, and heating to 850 ℃;
(1b) after the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.05 wt.% of slag removing agent to refine and remove slag of the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with the inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removing treatment;
(1c) cutting off a dead head of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1d) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated overlapped rolling aluminum alloy plate
(2a) Pre-grinding a 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(2b) placing two pre-ground 6061 aluminum alloy plates without nano ceramic particles in a laminated manner and wrapping the plates with aluminum foil to obtain a pre-prepared sample;
(2c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(2d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(2e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (2d) - (2e), and repeating for 5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolled aluminum alloy plate;
(2f) and (3) placing the accumulated rolled aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
Wherein the 6061 aluminum alloy used for smelting in the step (1a) comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.87 percent of Mg; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.59 percent of Fe; 0.36 percent of Cu; 0.15 percent of Mn; 0.17 percent of Cr; 0.23 percent of Zn; 0.16 percent of Ti; the balance of Al.
Comparative example 2
(1) Step one, preparation of nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 850 ℃, and then placing weighed 6061 commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible;
(1b) adding 30% by mass of nano TiC ceramic particle intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, so that the addition of the nano TiC ceramic particles is 3.0% of the mass of the 6061 aluminum liquid, and completely melting the ceramic particle intermediate alloy;
(1c) stretching a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 3 min;
(1d) adding a deslagging agent of 0.05 wt.% of molten aluminum for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the molten aluminum into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm;
(1e) cutting off a dead head of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation and heat treatment of cumulative-pack-rolling nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate
(2a) Pre-grinding the nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(2b) respectively laminating two TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plates after pre-grinding and wrapping the plates by using aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated sample;
(2c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(2d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(2e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (2d) - (2e), and repeating for 5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolled aluminum alloy plate;
(2f) and (3) placing the accumulated rolled aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
Wherein the 6061 aluminum alloy used for smelting in the step (1a) comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.87 percent of Mg; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.59 percent of Fe; 0.36 percent of Cu; 0.15 percent of Mn; 0.17 percent of Cr; 0.23 percent of Zn; 0.16 percent of Ti; the balance of Al.
Comparative example 3
(1) Step one, preparation of nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate
(1a) Placing the crucible in an aluminum alloy resistance smelting furnace, heating to 850 ℃, and then placing weighed 6061 commercial aluminum alloy in the crucible;
(1b) adding 30% by mass of nano TiC ceramic particle intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, so that the addition of the nano TiC ceramic particles is 7.0% of the mass of the 6061 aluminum liquid, and completely melting the ceramic particle intermediate alloy;
(1c) stretching a mechanical stirring paddle into the molten liquid, and mechanically stirring for 3 min;
(1d) adding a deslagging agent of 0.05 wt.% of molten aluminum for deslagging treatment, and immediately casting the molten aluminum into a metal mold with an inner cavity diameter of 110 mm;
(1e) cutting off a dead head of the cast casting, turning the cast casting to a diameter of 80mm by using a lathe, then putting the cast casting into a nitrogen oven, heating the cast casting to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 7 hours, and then cooling the cast casting to room temperature; placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(1f) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(2) Step two, preparation of 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles
(2a) Placing the pre-weighed aluminum alloy into a crucible, placing the crucible and the aluminum alloy into a crucible type resistance smelting furnace, and heating to 850 ℃.
(2b) After the alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 30min, adding 0.05 wt.% of slag removing agent to refine and remove slag of the alloy liquid, and immediately casting the alloy liquid into a metal mold with the inner cavity diameter of 100mm after slag removing treatment;
(2c) the cast casting was dead-headed off and turned to a diameter of 80mm by a lathe, and then placed in a nitrogen oven to be heated to 570 ℃ at a heating rate of 200 ℃ per hour, and heat-preserved for 7 hours, followed by furnace cooling to room temperature. Placing the sample after heat treatment in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an extruded plate;
(2d) putting the extruded plate into a nitrogen oven, heating to 570 ℃ at a heating speed of 200 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with water quenching; sequentially polishing the heat-treated sample to 6.0mm thick by using 600# and 2000# sandpaper; rolling five times, wherein the rolling amount of each time of the first four times is 1mm, the rolling amount of the last time is 0.2mm, and the total rolling amount is 70%.
(3) Step three, preparation and heat treatment of accumulated pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate
(3a) Pre-grinding a 6061 aluminum alloy plate without adding nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate by using a steel brush, and cleaning the pre-ground surface by using alcohol;
(3b) respectively laminating and placing a pre-ground 6061 aluminum alloy plate without nano ceramic particles and a nano TiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy plate and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate with aluminum foil to obtain a pre-prepared sample;
(3c) putting the prefabricated sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the prefabricated sample into a heat treatment furnace at 550 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
(3d) cutting the whole plate obtained after hot rolling into two pieces with the same size by using a linear cutting machine;
(3e) placing two cut plates in a laminated manner, wrapping the plates with aluminum foil, placing the plates between two layers of hard alloy, placing the plates into a 550-DEG C heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 10min, and then carrying out hot rolling with the pressing amount of 50%;
repeating the steps (3d) - (3e), and repeating for 5 times to obtain the accumulative pack-rolling composite aluminum alloy plate;
(3f) and (3) putting the laminated composite aluminum alloy plate into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, setting the temperature to be 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and cooling in the air.
The 6061 aluminum alloy used for smelting in the steps (1a) and (2a) comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.87 percent of Mg; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.59 percent of Fe; 0.36 percent of Cu; 0.15 percent of Mn; 0.17 percent of Cr; 0.23 percent of Zn; 0.16 percent of Ti; the balance of Al.
As shown in fig. 1-4, compared with the grain structure (fig. 1) of the 6061 aluminum alloy (base alloy) rolled plate, the grain structure (fig. 2-4) of the multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite structural aluminum alloy plate prepared in examples 1-3 is obviously refined. As shown in Table 1, the room temperature tensile strength and room temperature yield strength of the multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite-structure aluminum alloy plates prepared in the examples 1-4 are remarkably improved compared with 6061 aluminum alloy rolled plates, 6061 aluminum alloy rolled plates reinforced by adding 3% of TiC and aluminum alloy plates prepared in the comparative examples 1-2. The room-temperature tensile strength of the multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite-structure aluminum alloy plate prepared in the embodiment 3 is improved by 70.8% and the room-temperature yield strength is improved by 74.7% compared with a 6061 aluminum alloy rolled plate. Furthermore, by comparing comparative example 3 with examples 1-4, it is further demonstrated that there is a reasonable range of addition of ceramic particles, not that more addition is more effective. In addition, generally, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy plate are improved, so that the uniform elongation of the plate is adversely affected to a certain extent, and as shown in table 1, the elongation of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate prepared by the preparation method of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate provided by the invention is not particularly obviously reduced, so that the application range of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate prepared by the preparation method is wider.
TABLE 1 Room-temp. mechanics performance table for aluminium alloy plate and laminated composite material plate
Figure GDA0002762131000000181
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, respectively preparing an aluminum alloy plate and a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate;
stacking the aluminum alloy plate and the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate, and wrapping the aluminum alloy plate and the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate by using aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated sample;
thirdly, putting the prepared sample between two layers of hard alloy, putting the sample into a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat, and carrying out hot rolling;
cutting the plate obtained after hot rolling, stacking, wrapping with aluminum foil, and placing between two layers of hard alloy for hot rolling again;
step five, circularly performing step four for multiple times to obtain a pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate; after the laminated and rolled composite aluminum alloy plate is subjected to heat preservation, air cooling is performed to obtain the multilayer ceramic particle tough composite configuration aluminum alloy plate;
in the first step, the preparation of the aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
step 1, heating an aluminum alloy base material to 800-850 ℃, and preserving heat after the aluminum alloy base material is completely melted to obtain a first aluminum alloy liquid;
step 2, refining and deslagging the first aluminum alloy liquid, casting the first aluminum alloy liquid into a metal mold after deslagging treatment, and obtaining an aluminum alloy casting;
step 3, turning the aluminum alloy casting, putting the aluminum alloy casting into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat for 6-7 hours, cooling the aluminum alloy casting to room temperature, putting the aluminum alloy casting into a hot extrusion die, heating to 450-470 ℃, preserving heat, and carrying out hot extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded plate;
step 4, placing the aluminum alloy extruded sheet into a nitrogen oven to be heated to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat, and then quenching with water to room temperature; and after polishing, rolling in multiple passes to enable the total pressing amount to be 70%, and thus obtaining the aluminum alloy plate.
2. The method for preparing the multi-layer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate is prepared, and the method comprises the following steps:
step a, placing an aluminum alloy substrate in a preheated crucible, and heating to melt to obtain a second aluminum alloy liquid;
b, adding an intermediate alloy containing nano-sized ceramic particles into the second aluminum alloy liquid, and stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted;
c, casting the aluminum alloy into a metal mold after deslagging treatment to obtain a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy casting;
d, turning the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy casting, putting the aluminum alloy casting into a nitrogen oven, heating to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat, and then cooling to room temperature; placing the ceramic particles in a hot extrusion die, heating to 450-470 ℃, and performing hot extrusion forming after heat preservation to obtain a ceramic particle reinforced extruded plate;
step e, putting the ceramic particle reinforced extruded plate into a nitrogen oven to be heated to 565-570 ℃, preserving heat, and then quenching with water to cool to room temperature; and after polishing, rolling in multiple passes to enable the total pressing amount to be 70%, and thus obtaining the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum alloy plate.
3. The method for preparing the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step b, an intermediate alloy containing nano-sized ceramic particles is added, so that the mass of the nano-sized ceramic particles is 0.7-5.0% of that of the second aluminum alloy liquid;
wherein the ceramic particles are TiC, SiC and B4C、TiB2、ZrB2、TiN、Ti(C,N)、AlN、AlB2、TiO2Or Al2O3One or more of them.
4. The preparation method of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third step, the plate is put into a heat treatment furnace with the temperature of 550-560 ℃ for heat preservation for 10min and then is subjected to hot rolling.
5. The method for preparing the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein in the third step, the hot rolling reduction is 50%.
6. The method for preparing the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number of times of circularly performing the fourth step is 3-5 times.
7. The method for preparing the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the fifth step, the pack-rolled composite aluminum alloy plate is placed into a preheated small-sized atmosphere furnace, the temperature is set to 180 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 5 hours, and the air cooling is carried out.
8. The preparation method of the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 7, wherein the aluminum alloy base material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.87 percent; si:0.55 percent; fe:0.59 percent; cu:0.36 percent; mn:0.15 percent; cr:0.17 percent; zn:0.23 percent; 0.16% of Ti: the balance being Al.
9. The method for preparing the multilayer ceramic particle toughness composite configuration aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the ceramic particles are TiC, the mass fraction of the nano-sized ceramic particles in the master alloy is 30%, and the average size of the ceramic particles is 80 nm; when the ceramic particles are TiB2In the master alloy, the mass fraction of the nano-sized ceramic particles in the master alloy is 20%, and the average size of the ceramic particles is 120 nm.
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