CN114003997B - BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method - Google Patents
BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method, which comprises the steps of constructing a construction traffic organization local control area live-action terrain model by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing real data terrain for construction traffic organization simulation; based on the constructed live-action terrain model, establishing a full-line BIM model and a necessary traffic auxiliary facility BIM model within the construction traffic organization range; based on the whole-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range, according to the traffic organization implementation scheme, constructing the whole-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by using traffic simulation analysis software, and realizing the conversion from the two-dimensional plane to the three-dimensional display of the traffic organization implementation scheme. The advantages are that: the three-dimensional simulation software of the traffic organization is interconnected and communicated with the Vissim traffic analysis data, meanwhile, the real traffic flow data of the expressway are associated, and the real traffic situation under the implementation condition of the traffic organization scheme is restored highly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction traffic organization simulation, in particular to a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method.
Background
The three-dimensional traffic organization simulation technology is to perform three-dimensional visual simulation on the traffic organization implementation by adopting the BIM technology, realize the conversion of the traffic organization implementation from a two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional stereo display, and is used for visual guidance and optimization of traffic organization design and implementation, so that the operability of traffic organization implementation can be greatly improved, and the technical requirements of 'security and safety' are met.
In the construction process of highway interchange and reconstruction and expansion engineering, the normal passing efficiency of the existing engineering and the project construction progress are considered, and the technical principle of unsealing traffic is adopted, so that the difficulty is increased for reasonably planning the traffic organization modification scheme. Therefore, a new method is needed to realize three-dimensional simulation of construction traffic organizations so as to reduce the reasonable planning difficulty of traffic organization guiding and modifying schemes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional simulation method for construction traffic organization by fusing BIM and Vissim comprises the following steps,
s1, constructing a real-scene terrain model of a local control area of a construction traffic organization by using an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing a real data terrain for the simulation of the construction traffic organization;
s2, based on the real-scene terrain model constructed in the step S1, establishing a full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range;
s3, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by using traffic simulation analysis software according to the traffic organization implementation scheme on the basis of the full-line BIM model within the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, and realizing the conversion from the two-dimensional plane of the traffic organization implementation scheme to the three-dimensional display;
s4, carrying out quantitative analysis on actual traffic capacity of the traffic organization implementation by using Vissim software, carrying out interconnection and fusion on quantitative analysis data and the visualized simulation data of the whole-line construction traffic organization constructed in the step S3, and establishing three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization based on the whole-line BIM model so as to realize three-dimensional visualized display of the traffic analysis data and traffic conditions based on the actual traffic data;
s5, aiming at the condition that traffic jam is easy to occur at a key guide outlet, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, optimizing a traffic guide scheme according to the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation condition based on the full-line BIM model, and improving the feasibility and the high efficiency of traffic organization implementation schemes.
Preferably, step S1 comprises in particular,
s11, collecting and analyzing natural geographic conditions of aerial photographing areas and technical equipment conditions of unmanned aerial vehicles, making a detailed photographing plan, providing aerial photographing requirements according to mapping requirements, defining aerial photographing areas, analyzing and determining aerial photographing precision indexes and main technical parameters, and determining the heights of photographic reference surfaces of the aerial photographing areas;
s12, selecting the most favorable meteorological conditions in the aerial photographing area to carry out aerial photographing, and ensuring that aerial photographing photos can truly show ground details;
s13, introducing a high-precision photo control point to participate in space three resolving, and measuring the plane position and the elevation of the photo control point for space three encryption;
s14, taking an external orientation element provided by an onboard POS as an observation value, introducing the observation value into a photogrammetric regional network adjustment, and utilizing post-processing software to realize automatic matching of the acquired multi-view images by adopting a unified mathematical model and algorithm, so as to obtain homonymous connection points, construct a free network and realize space three encryption of the oblique photographic images;
s15, carrying out three-dimensional modeling by using a Context Capture system, sequentially importing images and photo control points, selecting proper photo stabbing points, opening the Context Capture and Center Engine for two-time air-three processing, selecting a corresponding coordinate system, and automatically constructing a high-resolution three-dimensional construction traffic tissue local control region live-action terrain model, DOM and DSM by software; the generated live-action terrain model can be checked through Smart3D Capture Viewer, coordinates are extracted, and distances are calculated.
Preferably, the aerial requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle are: the data sampling interval of the onboard GPS receiver during the flight is not more than 1s, and the ascending and descending speed of the flight is not more than 10m/s; the course overlapping degree should reach 60% -65%, the side overlapping degree is set to 30% -35%, and the course curvature is not more than 3%; the same altitude is kept during the flying, the altitude difference of the adjacent pictures on the same route is not more than 20m, and the difference between the maximum altitude and the minimum altitude is not more than 30m; the course coverage exceeds the shot boundary by not less than one base line, and the lateral coverage exceeds the shot boundary by not less than 50% of the image frame generally; the relative loopholes and the absolute loopholes in the aerial shooting process are supplemented by adopting a digital camera of the previous aerial shooting flight, and the supplementing and shooting range is required to exceed two base lines outside the loophole range.
Preferably, the photo control points in step S13 should be reasonably arranged and kept in reasonable number, and the following rules should be followed during the arrangement,
(a) The target image of the photo control point is clear and easy to distinguish, the photo control point is set in the 6-piece overlapping range of course and sideways, and if the selection of the photo control point is difficult, the photo control point needs to be controlled in the 5-piece overlapping range;
(b) The distance between the photo control point and the photo edge is not less than 1-1.5 cm;
(c) The photo control point should be selected near the side-by-side overlapping midline;
(d) The distance between the photo control point and various marks of the photo should be more than 1mm;
(e) The image control points of the image edges, which are positioned on the free image edge, the image edge to be formed and other methods for forming the image are uniformly distributed outside the image profile.
Preferably, step S2 specifically includes,
s21, determining and unifying a BIM model positioning reference; the coordinates of the BIM model are consistent with the real engineering coordinates, or the coordinates of the BIM model are consistent with the real engineering coordinates after the XY coordinates are uniformly added and subtracted;
s22, hierarchical division and model precision of BIM model construction are based on meeting construction traffic organization requirements, wherein the model precision of road, bridge and tunnel models can be controlled to be not higher than lod100, and the lane setting and trend are required to be optimized;
s23, building a BIM model in the construction traffic organization range by using BIM modeling software, and uniformly outputting a professional file format;
s24, synchronously importing the three-dimensional live-action terrain model constructed by oblique photography and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range into related software, uniformly assembling the three-dimensional live-action terrain model and the BIM model, and constructing the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range.
Preferably, step S3 comprises in particular,
s31, based on the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, carrying out microscopic simulation on the traffic guiding and modifying important nodes by using traffic simulation analysis software, establishing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation conforming to actual traffic conditions, and carrying out statistical analysis on the traffic conditions;
s32, the visual simulation of the whole line construction traffic organization can dynamically and vividly simulate various traffic phenomena, and the space-time change of traffic flow is reproduced;
s33, visually simulating the whole line construction traffic organization, namely visually reproducing the running condition of vehicles in the road network, and scientifically predicting whether traffic at a certain position is congested or not and whether the road is unblocked or not, so that corresponding traffic guiding and shunting measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s34, carrying out visual simulation on the whole-line construction traffic organization, considering the corresponding construction organization plan, and realizing interference fusion of the construction organization simulation and the traffic organization simulation; through the fusion of the two, the dynamic traffic system is described in a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, an evaluation report is provided, the overall construction organization design scheme is assisted to be specified, the traffic limiting and speed limiting scheme is determined, and the traffic conflict rate and the traffic jam possibility of the split and combined flow are reduced.
Preferably, step S4 specifically includes,
s41, importing model achievements constructed by BIM modeling software into Vissim software in an 'inpx' file format, realizing real construction of a given route in the Vissim software, and achieving data interaction between the BIM modeling software and the Vissim software;
s42, synchronously importing real traffic flow data and traffic organization implementation modes into Vissim software for processing, and quantitatively evaluating traffic capacity under the implementation conditions of the current traffic organization implementation modes by utilizing the Vissim software so as to realize corresponding traffic simulation analysis;
s43, merging the quantitative evaluation data in the step S42 and the visualized simulation data of the whole line construction traffic organization in the step S3 into LmenRT MicroStation software, supporting the data, considering the fusion of the construction organization and the traffic organization, and establishing a three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization based on the whole line BIM model, so as to realize three-dimensional visualized display of traffic analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions of the Vissim software.
Preferably, step S5 includes the following specific details,
s51, three-dimensional simulation of traffic organization based on a full-line BIM model is beneficial to in-depth analysis of characteristics of vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, roads and traffic, and is beneficial to planning and design of traffic planning, traffic organization and management, traffic energy conservation and traffic flow rationalization, so that corresponding traffic guiding and diversion measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s52, aiming at the construction road section, the traffic management department designates corresponding vehicle diversion measures, carries out vehicle induction on the upstream of the construction road section, diverts part of traffic to other alternative lines, and ensures that the traffic fee of the construction road section is smooth and the phenomenon of vehicle queuing is not caused; the rationality of the diversion measures is rapidly and directly judged by using large-area traffic flow simulation, and traffic diversion improvement measures are provided in a targeted manner;
and S53, describing the dynamic traffic system in a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, providing an evaluation report, allowing constructors to better grasp and control traffic conditions, reflecting the reasonability of traffic organization implementation manners from a microscopic level, and facilitating communication and exchange of all participants of the project.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: aiming at the situation that traffic jam is easy to occur at a key guide outlet, the invention predicts and analyzes the bearing capacity of a traffic organization scheme on traffic flow through traffic organization design simulation on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data. According to the invention, the traffic guiding scheme is optimized according to the simulation condition, and the feasibility and the high efficiency of the traffic organization scheme are improved. According to the invention, in the project implementation process, the traffic organization scheme can be updated and adjusted in time according to the construction progress adjustment and the on-site traffic organization condition, so that the construction and the traffic are ensured not to be interfered with each other. The invention enables the three-dimensional simulation software of the traffic organization to be interconnected with the Vissim traffic analysis data, and simultaneously associates the real traffic flow data of the expressway, thereby highly restoring the real traffic situation under the implementation condition of the traffic organization scheme. The invention realizes automatic quantitative analysis of traffic capacity of the road section of the diversion road, fully explores the traffic capacity analysis of three-dimensional simulation of traffic organization, and provides the possibility of optimizing traffic organization design and implementing quantitative evaluation and guidance opinion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional simulation method for construction traffic organizations in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of Luo Zhuang inter-working oblique photography in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a three-dimensional simulation method for a construction traffic organization fused by BIM and Vissim is provided, which includes the following steps,
s1, constructing a real-scene terrain model of a local control area of a construction traffic organization by using an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing a real data terrain for the simulation of the construction traffic organization;
s2, based on the real-scene terrain model constructed in the step S1, establishing a full-line BIM model and a necessary traffic auxiliary facility BIM model in a construction traffic organization range;
s3, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by using traffic simulation analysis software according to the traffic organization implementation scheme on the basis of the full-line BIM model within the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, and realizing the conversion from the two-dimensional plane of the traffic organization implementation scheme to the three-dimensional display;
s4, carrying out quantitative analysis on actual traffic capacity of the traffic organization implementation by using Vissim software, carrying out interconnection and fusion on quantitative analysis data and the visualized simulation data of the whole-line construction traffic organization constructed in the step S3, and establishing three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization based on the whole-line BIM model so as to realize three-dimensional visualized display of the traffic analysis data and traffic conditions based on the actual traffic data;
s5, aiming at the condition that traffic jam is easy to occur at a key guide outlet, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, optimizing a traffic guide scheme according to the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation condition based on the full-line BIM model, and improving the feasibility and the high efficiency of traffic organization implementation schemes.
The method provided by the invention mainly comprises five parts of contents, namely: building a live-action terrain model, building a full-line BIM model in a construction traffic organization range, building a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation, building a traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on the full-line BIM model, and optimizing a traffic guiding scheme; these five parts are each described in detail below.
1. Construction of live-action terrain model
The partial content corresponds to step S1, step S1 specifically includes the following,
s11, collecting and analyzing natural geographic conditions of aerial photographing areas and technical equipment conditions of unmanned aerial vehicles, making a detailed photographing plan, providing aerial photographing requirements according to mapping requirements, defining aerial photographing areas, analyzing and determining aerial photographing precision indexes and main technical parameters, and determining the heights of photographic reference surfaces of the aerial photographing areas;
s12, selecting the most favorable meteorological conditions in the aerial photographing area to carry out aerial photographing, and ensuring that aerial photographing photos can truly show ground details; the aerial photography requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle are as follows: the data sampling interval of the onboard GPS receiver during the flight is not more than 1s, and the ascending and descending speed of the flight is not more than 10m/s; the course overlapping degree should reach 60% -65%, the side overlapping degree is set to 30% -35%, and the course curvature is not more than 3%; the same altitude is kept during the flying, the altitude difference of the adjacent pictures on the same route is not more than 20m, and the difference between the maximum altitude and the minimum altitude is not more than 30m; the course coverage exceeds the shot boundary by not less than one base line, and the lateral coverage exceeds the shot boundary by not less than 50% of the image frame generally; the relative loopholes and the absolute loopholes in the aerial shooting process are supplemented by adopting a digital camera of the previous aerial shooting flight, and the supplementing and shooting range is required to exceed two base lines outside the loophole range.
The aerial photography loophole is a phenomenon that ground feature missed photography and unclear ground feature characteristics appear on a photographed aerial photo due to factors such as a flight route, a photographing angle, smoke coverage and the like when aerial photography measurement is carried out. Wherein, the aerial photography relative loopholes are phenomena that the overlapping degree of the photos in aerial photography does not accord with the requirement of the synthetic graph; and when the course overlapping degree and the side overlapping degree are 0, the absolute loopholes are obtained.
S13, introducing a high-precision photo control point to participate in space three resolving, and measuring the plane position and the elevation of the photo control point for space three encryption; the photo control points should be distributed reasonably and kept in reasonable quantity, the following rules should be followed during layout,
(a) The target image of the photo control point is clear and easy to distinguish, the photo control point is set in the 6-piece overlapping range of course and sideways, and if the selection of the photo control point is difficult, the photo control point needs to be controlled in the 5-piece overlapping range;
(b) The distance between the photo control point and the photo edge is not less than 1-1.5 cm;
(c) The photo control point should be selected near the side-by-side overlapping midline;
(d) The distance between the photo control point and various marks of the photo should be more than 1mm;
(e) The image control points of the image edges, which are positioned on the free image edge, the image edge to be formed and other methods for forming the image are uniformly distributed outside the image profile.
S14, taking an external orientation element provided by an onboard POS as an observation value, introducing the observation value into a photogrammetric regional network adjustment, and utilizing post-processing software to realize automatic matching of the acquired multi-view images by adopting a unified mathematical model and algorithm, so as to obtain homonymous connection points, construct a free network and realize space three encryption of the oblique photographic images;
s15, carrying out three-dimensional modeling by using a Context Capture system, sequentially importing images and photo control points, selecting proper photo stabbing points, opening the Context Capture and Center Engine for two-time air-three processing, selecting a corresponding coordinate system, and automatically constructing a high-resolution three-dimensional construction traffic tissue local control region live-action terrain model, DOM and DSM by software; the generated live-action terrain model can be checked through Smart3D Capture Viewer, coordinates are extracted, and distances are calculated.
2. Establishing a full-line BIM model in a construction traffic organization range
The partial content corresponds to step S2, step S2 specifically includes the following,
s21, determining and unifying a BIM model positioning reference; the coordinates of the BIM model are consistent with the real engineering coordinates, or the coordinates of the BIM model are consistent with the real engineering coordinates after the XY coordinates are uniformly added and subtracted; when the partial partition model and the construction model do not adopt real engineering coordinates, the far points (0, 0) are preferably adopted as characteristic points;
s22, hierarchical division and model precision of BIM model construction are based on meeting construction traffic organization requirements, wherein the model precision of road, bridge and tunnel models can be controlled to be not higher than lod100, and the lane setting and trend are required to be optimized;
s23, building a BIM model in the construction traffic organization range by adopting BIM modeling software such as cata, revit and the like, and uniformly outputting professional file formats such as IFC and the like;
s24, synchronously importing the three-dimensional live-action terrain model constructed by oblique photography and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range into software such as Navisworks and the like, uniformly assembling the two models, and constructing the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range.
3. Constructing a full line construction traffic organization visual simulation
The partial content corresponds to step S3, step S3 specifically includes the following,
s31, based on the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, carrying out microscopic simulation on the traffic guiding and modifying important nodes by using traffic simulation analysis software, establishing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation conforming to actual traffic conditions, and carrying out statistical analysis on the traffic conditions;
specifically, a geometric model and a vehicle behavior model are comprehensively considered, various factors such as traffic control, bad weather, vehicle characteristics and the like are reflected as truly as possible on the image of traffic simulation, a dynamic traffic organization model (full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation) which accords with the actual traffic situation is established, and the traffic situation is statistically analyzed;
s32, the visual simulation of the whole line construction traffic organization can dynamically and vividly simulate various traffic phenomena, and the space-time change of traffic flow is reproduced;
s33, visually simulating the whole line construction traffic organization, namely visually reproducing the running condition of vehicles in the road network, and scientifically predicting whether traffic at a certain position is congested or not and whether the road is unblocked or not, so that corresponding traffic guiding and shunting measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s34, carrying out visual simulation on the whole-line construction traffic organization, considering the corresponding construction organization plan, and realizing interference fusion of the construction organization simulation and the traffic organization simulation; through the fusion of the two, the dynamic traffic system is described in a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, an evaluation report is provided, the overall construction organization design scheme is assisted to be specified, the traffic limiting and speed limiting scheme is determined, and the traffic conflict rate and the traffic jam possibility of the split and combined flow are reduced.
4. Establishing traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on full-line BIM model
The partial content corresponds to step S4, step S4 specifically includes the following,
s41, importing model achievements constructed by BIM modeling software into Vissim software in an 'inpx' file format, realizing real construction of a given route in the Vissim software, and achieving data interaction between the BIM modeling software and the Vissim software;
s42, synchronously importing real traffic flow data and traffic organization implementation modes into Vissim software for processing, and quantitatively evaluating traffic capacity under the implementation conditions of the current traffic organization implementation modes by utilizing the Vissim software so as to realize corresponding traffic simulation analysis;
when the traffic capacity is quantitatively evaluated, different quantitative evaluation indexes are output for different evaluation objects:
when the evaluation object is a road section, the main evaluation indexes output include density, average vehicle speed, flow rate, loss time and the like; when the evaluation object is an intersection, the main evaluation indexes output include flow, average delay, travel time, parking times, queuing length (maximum, average) and the like; when the evaluation target is a road network, the main evaluation indexes output include the number of vehicles leaving the open network, the number of vehicles entering the road network, the total path distance, the total travel time, the average vehicle speed, the stopping delay, the stopping times, the delay time and the like.
S43, merging the quantitative evaluation data in the step S42 and the visualized simulation data of the whole line construction traffic organization in the step S3 into LmenRT MicroStation software, supporting the data, considering the fusion of the construction organization and the traffic organization, and establishing a three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization based on the whole line BIM model, so as to realize three-dimensional visualized display of traffic analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions of the Vissim software.
5. Optimized traffic guidance scheme
The partial content corresponds to step S5, step S5 including the following specific content,
s51, three-dimensional simulation of traffic organization based on a full-line BIM model is beneficial to in-depth analysis of characteristics of vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, roads and traffic, and is beneficial to planning and design of traffic planning, traffic organization and management, traffic energy conservation and traffic flow rationalization, so that corresponding traffic guiding and diversion measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s52, aiming at the construction road section, the traffic management department designates corresponding vehicle diversion measures, carries out vehicle induction on the upstream of the construction road section, diverts part of traffic to other alternative lines, and ensures that the traffic fee of the construction road section is smooth and the phenomenon of vehicle queuing is not caused; the rationality of the diversion measures is rapidly and directly judged by using large-area traffic flow simulation, and traffic diversion improvement measures are provided in a targeted manner;
and S53, describing the dynamic traffic system in a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, providing an evaluation report, allowing constructors to better grasp and control traffic conditions, reflecting the reasonability of traffic organization implementation manners from a microscopic level, and facilitating communication and exchange of all participants of the project.
Example two
In this embodiment, luo Zhuang interworking is taken as an example, and the implementation process of the method of the present invention will be described in detail.
Luo Zhuang is communicated with each other as key control engineering in the full line of the jinghu expressway reconstruction and extension, has wide coverage, relates to a plurality of reconstruction and extension ramps, has larger construction traffic organization difficulty, and directly influences the realization of the full line traffic guiding and protecting goal by the implementation of the construction traffic organization. As shown in FIG. 2, the whole navigational photographing area has gentle topography, east-west length of about 400m, north-south length of about 600m, approximate rectangle and area of about 0.25km 2 。
In the embodiment, a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle is carried on an autonomous cradle head to acquire aerial photographing region original image data, and POS data corresponding to the image is acquired according to an unmanned aerial vehicle navigation GPS/IMU positioning and orientation system and gyroscope posture information.
When the oblique image is acquired, the flight range is determined according to the sample map distribution area, the flight route is reasonably planned, the altitude of the building is below 80m due to the flat terrain, and the route covers at least 3 routes beyond the boundary line of the area in order to ensure the stereoscopic imaging of the edge object by taking the shooting angle of the oblique photographic camera into consideration. The final heading overlap was determined to be 80%, the side overlap was determined to be 70%, and the fly height was determined to be 150m.
And in the unmanned aerial vehicle flight, a GNSS system is adopted for navigation, and the unmanned aerial vehicle flies according to the route design data. In order to obtain the ground texture information efficiently, the embodiment adopts the camera that the long side of the image frame is perpendicular to the flying direction. Mainly considering that (1) the laying of the flight route depends on the overlapping degree of the images to be acquired, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is easy to lose due to the instability of the attitude and weak wind resistance. (2) When the flying platform reaches a certain position, textures of different sides of the same ground object cannot be obtained at the same time, and at least 4 (north-south, south-east, east-west) routes are needed to obtain the complete texture information of the same ground object.
When the unmanned aerial vehicle performs aerial photography, the flight is as stable as possible, and the curvature of the aerial route is not more than 3%. The flight data is checked to ensure clear image, moderate contrast, saturated color, vivid color and consistent color tone, and can distinguish the ground object image which is suitable for the ground resolution.
In this example, road traffic conditions are scientifically predicted according to simulated traffic organization operation conditions, and overall traffic organization implementation schemes are determined.
According to the technical standard of highway engineering, the design service level of the expressway is two-level under normal conditions, but the service level of the traffic road section can be reduced by one level when the reconstruction and expansion are implemented. The BIM simulation technology is applied to demonstrate the necessity of shunting the oversized vehicle and limiting the speed by 80km/h in traffic safety and efficiency. The simulation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 simulation results
As shown by the simulation results of the table 1, after the road network is shunted and the speed is limited, the high-speed main line is increased to more than three levels from the service level of the fourth-level lower service level; the traffic conflict in the intercommunicating confluence area is obviously reduced; and the traffic jam in a large range can be avoided under the condition of road occupation construction or sudden accident. Simulation analysis proves that a reasonable diversion and speed limiting scheme can practically guarantee the safety and efficiency of main line traffic operation in the reconstruction and expansion construction period.
The invention assists in the formulation of the overall construction traffic organization scheme, and finally determines the overall guidance scheme of vehicles with five or more stages for guarantor traffic in five stages, and the speed limit in the third and fourth stages is 80km/h and five or more shafts are limited.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the invention provides a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method, which aims at the situation that traffic jam is easy to occur at a key guide outlet, and on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, the bearing capacity of a traffic organization scheme on traffic flow is predicted and analyzed through traffic organization design simulation. According to the method, the traffic guiding scheme is optimized according to the simulation condition, and the feasibility and the high efficiency of the traffic organization scheme are improved. By the method, in the project implementation process, the traffic organization scheme can be updated and adjusted in time according to the construction progress adjustment and the on-site traffic organization condition, so that the construction and the traffic are ensured not to be interfered with each other. The method enables the three-dimensional simulation software of the traffic organization to be interconnected with the Vissim traffic analysis data, and meanwhile, associates the real traffic flow data of the expressway, and highly restores the real traffic situation under the implementation condition of the traffic organization scheme. The method realizes automatic quantitative analysis of traffic capacity of the road section of the diversion road, fully explores the traffic capacity analysis of three-dimensional simulation of traffic organization, and provides the possibility of optimizing traffic organization design and implementing quantitative evaluation and guidance opinion.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the method,
s1, constructing a real-scene terrain model of a local control area of a construction traffic organization by using an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing a real data terrain for the simulation of the construction traffic organization; step S1 specifically includes the following,
s11, collecting and analyzing natural geographic conditions of aerial photographing areas and technical equipment conditions of unmanned aerial vehicles, making a detailed photographing plan, providing aerial photographing requirements according to mapping requirements, defining aerial photographing areas, analyzing and determining aerial photographing precision indexes and main technical parameters, and determining the heights of photographic reference surfaces of the aerial photographing areas;
s12, selecting the most favorable meteorological conditions in the aerial photographing area to carry out aerial photographing, and ensuring that aerial photographing photos can truly show ground details;
s13, introducing a high-precision photo control point to participate in space three resolving, and measuring the plane position and the elevation of the photo control point for space three encryption;
s14, taking an external orientation element provided by an onboard POS as an observation value, introducing the observation value into a photogrammetric regional network adjustment, and utilizing post-processing software to realize automatic matching of the acquired multi-view images by adopting a unified mathematical model and algorithm, so as to obtain homonymous connection points, construct a free network and realize space three encryption of the oblique photographic images;
s15, carrying out three-dimensional modeling by using a Context Capture system, sequentially importing images and photo control points, selecting proper photo stabbing points, opening the Context Capture and Center Engine for two-time air-three processing, selecting a corresponding coordinate system, and automatically constructing a high-resolution three-dimensional construction traffic tissue local control region live-action terrain model, DOM and DSM by software; the generated live-action terrain model can be checked through the Smart3D Capture Viewer, coordinates are extracted, and distances are calculated;
s2, based on the real-scene terrain model constructed in the step S1, establishing a full-line BIM model and a necessary traffic auxiliary facility BIM model in a construction traffic organization range;
s3, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by using traffic simulation analysis software according to the traffic organization implementation scheme on the basis of the full-line BIM model within the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, and realizing the conversion from the two-dimensional plane of the traffic organization implementation scheme to the three-dimensional display;
s4, carrying out quantitative analysis on actual traffic capacity of the traffic organization implementation by using Vissim software, carrying out interconnection and fusion on quantitative analysis data and the visualized simulation data of the whole-line construction traffic organization constructed in the step S3, and establishing three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization based on the whole-line BIM model so as to realize three-dimensional visualized display of the traffic analysis data and traffic conditions based on the actual traffic data; step S4 specifically includes the following,
s41, importing model achievements constructed by BIM modeling software into Vissim software in an 'inpx' file format, realizing real construction of a given route in the Vissim software, and achieving data interaction between the BIM modeling software and the Vissim software;
s42, synchronously importing real traffic flow data and traffic organization implementation modes into Vissim software for processing, and quantitatively evaluating traffic capacity under the implementation conditions of the current traffic organization implementation modes by utilizing the Vissim software so as to realize corresponding traffic simulation analysis;
s43, merging the quantitative evaluation data in the step S42 and the visualized simulation data of the whole line construction traffic organization in the step S3 into LmenRT MicroStation software, supporting the data, considering the fusion of the construction organization and the traffic organization, and establishing a three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization based on a whole line BIM model to realize three-dimensional visualized display of traffic analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions of the Vissim software;
s5, aiming at the condition that traffic jam is easy to occur at a key guide outlet, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, optimizing a traffic guide scheme according to the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation condition based on the full-line BIM model, and improving the feasibility and the high efficiency of traffic organization implementation schemes.
2. The three-dimensional simulation method for the construction traffic organization fused with the BIM and the Vissim according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the aerial photography requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle are as follows: the data sampling interval of the onboard GPS receiver during the flight is not more than 1s, and the ascending and descending speed of the flight is not more than 10m/s; the course overlapping degree should reach 60% -65%, the side overlapping degree is set to 30% -35%, and the course curvature is not more than 3%; the same altitude is kept during the flying, the altitude difference of the adjacent pictures on the same route is not more than 20m, and the difference between the maximum altitude and the minimum altitude is not more than 30m; the course coverage exceeds the shot boundary by not less than one base line, and the lateral coverage exceeds the shot boundary by not less than 50% of the image frame generally; the relative loopholes and the absolute loopholes in the aerial shooting process are supplemented by adopting a digital camera of the previous aerial shooting flight, and the supplementing and shooting range is required to exceed two base lines outside the loophole range.
3. The three-dimensional simulation method for the construction traffic organization fused with the BIM and the Vissim according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the photo control points in step S13 should be reasonably arranged and kept in reasonable number, the following rules should be followed during the arrangement,
(a) The target image of the photo control point is clear and easy to distinguish, the photo control point is set in the 6-piece overlapping range of course and sideways, and if the selection of the photo control point is difficult, the photo control point needs to be controlled in the 5-piece overlapping range;
(b) The distance between the photo control point and the photo edge is not less than 1-1.5 cm;
(c) The photo control point should be selected near the side-by-side overlapping midline;
(d) The distance between the photo control point and various marks of the photo should be more than 1mm;
(e) The image control points of the image edges, which are positioned on the free image edge, the image edge to be formed and other methods for forming the image are uniformly distributed outside the image profile.
4. The three-dimensional simulation method for the construction traffic organization fused with the BIM and the Vissim according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: step S2 specifically includes the following,
s21, determining and unifying a BIM model positioning reference; the coordinates of the BIM model are consistent with the real engineering coordinates, or the coordinates of the BIM model are consistent with the real engineering coordinates after the XY coordinates are uniformly added and subtracted;
s22, hierarchical division and model precision of BIM model construction are based on meeting construction traffic organization requirements, wherein the model precision of road, bridge and tunnel models can be controlled to be not higher than lod100, and the lane setting and trend are required to be optimized;
s23, building a BIM model in the construction traffic organization range by using BIM modeling software, and uniformly outputting a professional file format;
s24, synchronously importing the three-dimensional live-action terrain model constructed by oblique photography and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range into related software, uniformly assembling the three-dimensional live-action terrain model and the BIM model, and constructing the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range.
5. The three-dimensional simulation method for the construction traffic organization fused with the BIM and the Vissim according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: step S3 specifically includes the following,
s31, based on the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, carrying out microscopic simulation on the traffic guiding and modifying important nodes by using traffic simulation analysis software, establishing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation conforming to actual traffic conditions, and carrying out statistical analysis on the traffic conditions;
s32, the visual simulation of the whole line construction traffic organization can dynamically and vividly simulate various traffic phenomena, and the space-time change of traffic flow is reproduced;
s33, visually simulating the whole line construction traffic organization, namely visually reproducing the running condition of vehicles in the road network, and scientifically predicting whether traffic at a certain position is congested or not and whether the road is unblocked or not, so that corresponding traffic guiding and shunting measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s34, carrying out visual simulation on the whole-line construction traffic organization, considering the corresponding construction organization plan, and realizing interference fusion of the construction organization simulation and the traffic organization simulation; through the fusion of the two, the dynamic traffic system is described in a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, an evaluation report is provided, the overall construction organization design scheme is assisted to be specified, the traffic limiting and speed limiting scheme is determined, and the traffic conflict rate and the traffic jam possibility of the split and combined flow are reduced.
6. The three-dimensional simulation method for the construction traffic organization fused with the BIM and the Vissim according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: step S5 includes the following specific details,
s51, three-dimensional simulation of traffic organization based on a full-line BIM model is beneficial to in-depth analysis of characteristics of vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, roads and traffic, and is beneficial to planning and design of traffic planning, traffic organization and management, traffic energy conservation and traffic flow rationalization, so that corresponding traffic guiding and diversion measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s52, aiming at the construction road section, the traffic management department designates corresponding vehicle diversion measures, carries out vehicle induction on the upstream of the construction road section, diverts part of traffic to other alternative lines, and ensures that the traffic fee of the construction road section is smooth and the phenomenon of vehicle queuing is not caused; the rationality of the diversion measures is rapidly and directly judged by using large-area traffic flow simulation, and traffic diversion improvement measures are provided in a targeted manner;
and S53, describing the dynamic traffic system in a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, providing an evaluation report, allowing constructors to better grasp and control traffic conditions, reflecting the reasonability of traffic organization implementation manners from a microscopic level, and facilitating communication and exchange of all participants of the project.
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