CN114003997A - BIM and Visim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method - Google Patents
BIM and Visim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method, which comprises the steps of constructing a construction traffic organization local control area real-scene terrain model by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing real data terrain for construction traffic organization simulation; establishing a full-line BIM model and a necessary traffic auxiliary facility BIM model within a construction traffic organization range on the basis of the constructed real-scene terrain model; and constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by utilizing traffic simulation analysis software based on a full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range according to a traffic organization implementation scheme, and realizing the conversion of a two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional display of the traffic organization implementation scheme. The advantages are that: the three-dimensional simulation software of the traffic organization is interconnected and communicated with the Vissim traffic analysis data, meanwhile, the real traffic flow data of the expressway is correlated, and the real traffic condition under the implementation condition of the traffic organization scheme is highly restored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction traffic organization simulation, in particular to a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method.
Background
The three-dimensional traffic group simulation technology is that BIM technology is adopted to carry out three-dimensional visual simulation on the traffic organization implementation scheme, so that the traffic group scheme is converted from a two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional display, the traffic organization design and implementation are visually guided and optimized, the operability of the traffic organization implementation can be greatly improved, and the technical requirements of 'guarantee and security' are met.
In the construction process of the road interchange and the reconstruction and expansion project, the normal traffic efficiency and project construction progress of the existing project need to be considered, and the technical principle of traffic non-closure is adopted, so that the difficulty is increased for reasonably planning the traffic organization guidance and modification scheme. Therefore, a new method for realizing three-dimensional simulation of the construction traffic organization is urgently needed to reduce the difficulty of reasonable planning of the traffic organization change guiding scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method comprises the following steps,
s1, constructing a real-scene terrain model of the local control area of the construction traffic organization by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing a real data terrain for the simulation of the construction traffic organization;
s2, establishing a full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range on the basis of the real-scene terrain model established in the step S1;
s3, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by utilizing traffic simulation analysis software according to the traffic organization implementation scheme on the basis of the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, and realizing the conversion of the two-dimensional plane of the traffic organization implementation scheme to three-dimensional display;
s4, carrying out quantitative analysis on the actual traffic capacity of the traffic organization implementation scheme by using Vissim software, carrying out interconnection and fusion on the quantitative analysis data and the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation data constructed in the step S3, establishing a full-line BIM model-based traffic organization three-dimensional simulation, and realizing three-dimensional visual display of traffic flow analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions based on real traffic flow data;
s5, aiming at the condition that a key traffic guiding outlet is easy to have traffic jam unsmooth, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, a traffic guiding scheme is optimized according to the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation condition based on the whole-line BIM model, and the feasibility and the efficiency of the traffic organization implementation scheme are improved.
Preferably, step S1 specifically includes the following steps,
s11, collecting and analyzing natural geographic conditions of the aerial photography area and technical equipment conditions of the unmanned aerial vehicle, making a detailed shooting plan, proposing aerial photography requirements according to mapping requirements, delimiting aerial photography zones, analyzing and determining aerial photography precision indexes and main technical parameters, and determining the height of a photography datum plane of the aerial photography zones;
s12, selecting the most favorable meteorological conditions in the aerial photography area to carry out aerial photography, and ensuring that aerial photographs can truly show ground details;
s13, introducing high-precision photo control points to participate in space-three calculation, and measuring the plane position and elevation of the photo control points for space-three encryption;
s14, taking external orientation elements provided by an airborne POS (point of sale) as an observed value, introducing the observed value into a photogrammetric area network adjustment, utilizing post-processing software to realize automatic matching of the obtained multi-view images by adopting a unified mathematical model and algorithm, obtaining homonymous connection points, constructing a free network, and realizing space-three encryption of oblique photographic images;
s15, performing three-dimensional modeling by using a Context Capture system, sequentially importing images and photo control points, selecting appropriate photo pricking points, opening the Context Capture and Center Engine to perform space-three processing twice, selecting a corresponding coordinate system, and automatically constructing a high-resolution three-dimensional construction traffic organization local control area real-scene terrain model, DOM and DSM by software; the generated real-scene terrain model can be viewed, coordinates can be extracted and distances can be measured through Smart3D Capture Viewer.
Preferably, the aerial requirements of the drone are: during flight, the data sampling interval of the airborne GPS receiver is not more than 1s, and the flying ascending and descending speed is not more than 10 m/s; the course overlapping degree is 60-65%, the side overlapping degree is set to be 30-35%, and the route curvature is not more than 3%; keeping the same altitude during flying, wherein the altitude difference between adjacent photos on the same flight line is not more than 20m, and the difference between the maximum altitude and the minimum altitude is not more than 30 m; the course coverage should exceed the shot boundary line by not less than a base line, and the lateral coverage exceeds the shot boundary line by not less than 50% of the image frame generally; and the relative loopholes and the absolute loopholes in the aerial photography process need to be compensated by adopting a digital camera in the previous aerial photography flight, and the compensation range needs to exceed two baselines outside the loophole range.
Preferably, in step S13, the photo control points should be reasonably arranged and kept in a reasonable number, and the following rules should be followed when arranging,
(a) the target image of the photo control point is clear and easy to distinguish, the photo control point is set in the course and side direction 6-piece overlapping range, if the point selection is difficult, the target image needs to be controlled in the 5-piece overlapping range;
(b) the distance between the photo control point and the photo edge is not less than 1-1.5 cm;
(c) the control point of the picture should be selected near the side overlapping central line;
(d) the distance between the photo control point and each mark of the photo is more than 1 mm;
(e) the control points of the image picture at the free edge of the graph, the edge of the graph to be formed and the edge of the graph formed by other methods are uniformly distributed outside the outline of the graph.
Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following steps,
s21, determining and unifying BIM model positioning reference; the coordinate of the BIM model is consistent with the real engineering coordinate, or the coordinate of the BIM model is consistent with the real engineering coordinate after uniformly adding or subtracting XY coordinates;
s22, constructing a BIM model, wherein the hierarchy division and the model precision are based on meeting the requirements of construction traffic organization, the model precision of a road, bridge and tunnel model can be controlled to be not higher than lod100, and key optimization is needed for the arrangement and the trend of a traffic lane;
s23, building a BIM within the construction traffic organization range by adopting BIM modeling software, and uniformly outputting a professional file format;
and S24, synchronously importing the three-dimensional real-scene terrain model constructed by oblique photography and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range into related software, uniformly assembling the three-dimensional real-scene terrain model and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range, and constructing a full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range.
Preferably, step S3 specifically includes the following steps,
s31, carrying out microscopic simulation on traffic change important nodes by using traffic simulation analysis software based on the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, establishing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation conforming to the actual traffic condition, and carrying out statistical analysis on the traffic condition;
s32, the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation can dynamically and vividly simulate various traffic phenomena and reproduce the time-space change of traffic flow;
s33, performing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation to visually reproduce the running condition of vehicles in a road network and scientifically predict whether traffic is congested at a certain position and whether roads are smooth, so that corresponding traffic diversion measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s34, carrying out all-line construction traffic organization visualization simulation, considering corresponding construction organization plans, and realizing interference fusion of construction organization simulation and traffic organization simulation; through the fusion of the two, a dynamic traffic system is described by using a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, an evaluation report is issued, a general construction organization design scheme is assisted to be specified, a restriction and speed limit scheme is determined, and the traffic conflict rate and the traffic jam possibility of the split-combined flow are reduced.
Preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps,
s41, importing a model result constructed by the BIM modeling software into the Vissim software in a 'inpx' file format, realizing the real construction of a set route in the Visim software, and achieving the data interaction between the BIM modeling software and the Visim software;
s42, synchronously importing the real traffic data and the traffic organization implementation scheme into Vissim software for processing, and quantitatively evaluating the traffic capacity under the implementation condition of the current traffic organization implementation scheme by using the Vissim software to realize corresponding traffic simulation analysis;
and S43, fusing the quantitative evaluation data in the step S42 and the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation data in the step S3 into LmenRT Microstation software, taking the LmenRT Microstation software as data support, considering the fusion of construction organization and traffic organization, establishing a full-line BIM model-based traffic organization three-dimensional simulation, and realizing the three-dimensional visual display of traffic analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions of the Vissim software.
Preferably, step S5 includes the following specific contents,
s51, the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on the full-line BIM model is helpful for deeply analyzing the characteristics of vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, roads and traffic, and is helpful for planning and designing traffic planning, traffic organization and management, traffic energy conservation and transportation flow rationalization, so that corresponding traffic diversion and distribution measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s52, aiming at the construction road section, the traffic control department appoints corresponding vehicle diversion measures, vehicle induction is carried out on the upstream of the construction road section, part of traffic is diverted to other alternative routes, and the smooth traffic cost of the construction road section is ensured not to cause vehicle queuing; the rationality of the diversion measure is rapidly and directly judged by utilizing large-area traffic flow simulation, and a traffic dispersion improvement measure is provided in a targeted manner;
s53, describing the dynamic traffic system by adopting a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, issuing an evaluation report, allowing a construction party to better grasp and control the traffic condition, reflecting the rationality of the implementation scheme of the traffic organization from a microscopic level, and facilitating communication and exchange among all the participants of the project.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the condition that a key guide exit is easy to have traffic jam unsmooth, the invention predicts and analyzes the bearing capacity of a traffic organization scheme on traffic flow through traffic organization design simulation on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data. The invention optimizes the traffic guidance scheme according to the simulation condition and improves the feasibility and the high efficiency of the traffic organization scheme. By the invention, in the project implementation process, the traffic organization scheme can be updated and adjusted in time according to the construction progress adjustment and the on-site traffic organization condition, so that the construction and the traffic are not interfered with each other. The invention enables the three-dimensional simulation software of the traffic organization to be interconnected and communicated with the Vissim traffic analysis data, simultaneously associates the real traffic flow data of the expressway, and highly restores the real traffic condition under the implementation condition of the traffic organization scheme. The invention realizes the automatic quantitative analysis of the traffic capacity of the guided and modified road section, fully explores the traffic capacity analysis capacity of the three-dimensional simulation of the traffic organization, and provides possibility for optimizing the traffic organization design and implementing quantitative evaluation and guidance suggestions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional simulation method of a construction traffic organization in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of Roche intercommunication oblique photography according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for simulating a three-dimensional simulation of a construction traffic organization with a combination of BIM and Vissim, which includes the following steps,
s1, constructing a real-scene terrain model of the local control area of the construction traffic organization by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing a real data terrain for the simulation of the construction traffic organization;
s2, establishing a full-line BIM model and a necessary traffic auxiliary facility BIM model within the construction traffic organization range on the basis of the real-scene terrain model established in the step S1;
s3, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by utilizing traffic simulation analysis software according to the traffic organization implementation scheme on the basis of the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, and realizing the conversion of the two-dimensional plane of the traffic organization implementation scheme to three-dimensional display;
s4, carrying out quantitative analysis on the actual traffic capacity of the traffic organization implementation scheme by using Vissim software, carrying out interconnection and fusion on the quantitative analysis data and the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation data constructed in the step S3, establishing a full-line BIM model-based traffic organization three-dimensional simulation, and realizing three-dimensional visual display of traffic flow analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions based on real traffic flow data;
s5, aiming at the condition that a key traffic guiding outlet is easy to have traffic jam unsmooth, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, a traffic guiding scheme is optimized according to the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation condition based on the whole-line BIM model, and the feasibility and the efficiency of the traffic organization implementation scheme are improved.
The method provided by the invention mainly comprises five parts of contents which are respectively as follows: constructing a live-action terrain model, establishing a full-line BIM model in a construction traffic organization range, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation, establishing a traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on the full-line BIM model, and optimizing a traffic guide scheme; these five parts will be described in detail below.
Firstly, constructing a real-scene terrain model
The partial content corresponds to step S1, and step S1 specifically includes the following contents,
s11, collecting and analyzing natural geographic conditions of the aerial photography area and technical equipment conditions of the unmanned aerial vehicle, making a detailed shooting plan, proposing aerial photography requirements according to mapping requirements, delimiting aerial photography zones, analyzing and determining aerial photography precision indexes and main technical parameters, and determining the height of a photography datum plane of the aerial photography zones;
s12, selecting the most favorable meteorological conditions in the aerial photography area to carry out aerial photography, and ensuring that aerial photographs can truly show ground details; the aerial photography requirement of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows: during flight, the data sampling interval of the airborne GPS receiver is not more than 1s, and the flying ascending and descending speed is not more than 10 m/s; the course overlapping degree is 60-65%, the side overlapping degree is set to be 30-35%, and the route curvature is not more than 3%; keeping the same altitude during flying, wherein the altitude difference between adjacent photos on the same flight line is not more than 20m, and the difference between the maximum altitude and the minimum altitude is not more than 30 m; the course coverage should exceed the shot boundary line by not less than a base line, and the lateral coverage exceeds the shot boundary line by not less than 50% of the image frame generally; and the relative loopholes and the absolute loopholes in the aerial photography process need to be compensated by adopting a digital camera in the previous aerial photography flight, and the compensation range needs to exceed two baselines outside the loophole range.
The aerial photography loophole refers to the phenomenon that ground objects are missed to be photographed and the ground object characteristics are not clear on a photographed aerial photo due to factors such as a flight path, a photographing angle and smog covering during aerial photography measurement. The aerial photography relative leak is the phenomenon that the overlapping degree of the photo in the aerial photography does not meet the requirement of the image; and when the course overlapping degree and the side direction overlapping degree are 0, the loophole is an absolute loophole.
S13, introducing high-precision photo control points to participate in space-three calculation, and measuring the plane position and elevation of the photo control points for space-three encryption; the photo control points should be distributed reasonably and the quantity should be kept reasonable, the following rules should be followed when laying,
(a) the target image of the photo control point is clear and easy to distinguish, the photo control point is set in the course and side direction 6-piece overlapping range, if the point selection is difficult, the target image needs to be controlled in the 5-piece overlapping range;
(b) the distance between the photo control point and the photo edge is not less than 1-1.5 cm;
(c) the control point of the picture should be selected near the side overlapping central line;
(d) the distance between the photo control point and each mark of the photo is more than 1 mm;
(e) the control points of the image picture at the free edge of the graph, the edge of the graph to be formed and the edge of the graph formed by other methods are uniformly distributed outside the outline of the graph.
S14, taking external orientation elements provided by an airborne POS (point of sale) as an observed value, introducing the observed value into a photogrammetric area network adjustment, utilizing post-processing software to realize automatic matching of the obtained multi-view images by adopting a unified mathematical model and algorithm, obtaining homonymous connection points, constructing a free network, and realizing space-three encryption of oblique photographic images;
s15, performing three-dimensional modeling by using a Context Capture system, sequentially importing images and photo control points, selecting appropriate photo pricking points, opening the Context Capture and Center Engine to perform space-three processing twice, selecting a corresponding coordinate system, and automatically constructing a high-resolution three-dimensional construction traffic organization local control area real-scene terrain model, DOM and DSM by software; the generated real-scene terrain model can be viewed, coordinates can be extracted and distances can be measured through Smart3D Capture Viewer.
Secondly, establishing a full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range
The partial content corresponds to step S2, and step S2 specifically includes the following contents,
s21, determining and unifying BIM model positioning reference; the coordinate of the BIM model is consistent with the real engineering coordinate, or the coordinate of the BIM model is consistent with the real engineering coordinate after uniformly adding or subtracting XY coordinates; when the real engineering coordinates are not adopted in the partial partition model and the construction model, the far point (0,0, 0) is preferably adopted as the characteristic point;
s22, constructing a BIM model, wherein the hierarchy division and the model precision are based on meeting the requirements of construction traffic organization, the model precision of a road, bridge and tunnel model can be controlled to be not higher than lod100, and key optimization is needed for the arrangement and the trend of a traffic lane;
s23, building a BIM model in a construction traffic organization range by adopting BIM modeling software such as cata, revit and the like, and uniformly outputting professional file formats such as IFC and the like;
s24, synchronously importing the three-dimensional real-scene terrain model constructed by oblique photography and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range into Navisthrocks and other software, uniformly assembling the three-dimensional real-scene terrain model and the BIM model, and constructing the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range.
Third, constructing the visual simulation of the traffic organization of the whole line construction
The partial content corresponds to step S3, and step S3 specifically includes the following contents,
s31, carrying out microscopic simulation on traffic change important nodes by using traffic simulation analysis software based on the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, establishing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation conforming to the actual traffic condition, and carrying out statistical analysis on the traffic condition;
specifically, a geometric model and a vehicle behavior model are comprehensively considered, images of traffic simulation of various factors such as traffic control, bad weather and vehicle characteristics are reflected as truly as possible, a dynamic traffic organization model (whole-line construction traffic organization visual simulation) conforming to the actual traffic situation is established, and the traffic situation is subjected to statistical analysis;
s32, the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation can dynamically and vividly simulate various traffic phenomena and reproduce the time-space change of traffic flow;
s33, performing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation to visually reproduce the running condition of vehicles in a road network and scientifically predict whether traffic is congested at a certain position and whether roads are smooth, so that corresponding traffic diversion measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s34, carrying out all-line construction traffic organization visualization simulation, considering corresponding construction organization plans, and realizing interference fusion of construction organization simulation and traffic organization simulation; through the fusion of the two, a dynamic traffic system is described by using a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, an evaluation report is issued, a general construction organization design scheme is assisted to be specified, a restriction and speed limit scheme is determined, and the traffic conflict rate and the traffic jam possibility of the split-combined flow are reduced.
Fourthly, establishing traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on full-line BIM model
The partial content corresponds to step S4, and step S4 specifically includes the following contents,
s41, importing a model result constructed by the BIM modeling software into the Vissim software in a 'inpx' file format, realizing the real construction of a set route in the Visim software, and achieving the data interaction between the BIM modeling software and the Visim software;
s42, synchronously importing the real traffic data and the traffic organization implementation scheme into Vissim software for processing, and quantitatively evaluating the traffic capacity under the implementation condition of the current traffic organization implementation scheme by using the Vissim software to realize corresponding traffic simulation analysis;
when the traffic capacity is quantitatively evaluated, different quantitative evaluation indexes are output according to different evaluation objects:
when the evaluation object is a road section, the output main evaluation indexes comprise density, average vehicle speed, flow, loss time and the like; when the evaluation object is an intersection, the output main evaluation indexes comprise flow, average delay, travel time, parking times, queuing length (maximum, average) and the like; when the evaluation target is a road network, the output main evaluation indexes include the number of vehicles leaving the road network, the number of vehicles entering the road network, the total route distance, the total travel time, the average vehicle speed, the parking delay, the number of parking times, the delay time, and the like.
And S43, fusing the quantitative evaluation data in the step S42 and the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation data in the step S3 into LmenRT Microstation software, taking the LmenRT Microstation software as data support, considering the fusion of construction organization and traffic organization, establishing a full-line BIM model-based traffic organization three-dimensional simulation, and realizing the three-dimensional visual display of traffic analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions of the Vissim software.
Fifth, optimize the traffic guide scheme
The partial content corresponds to step S5, and step S5 includes the following specific contents,
s51, the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on the full-line BIM model is helpful for deeply analyzing the characteristics of vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, roads and traffic, and is helpful for planning and designing traffic planning, traffic organization and management, traffic energy conservation and transportation flow rationalization, so that corresponding traffic diversion and distribution measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s52, aiming at the construction road section, the traffic control department appoints corresponding vehicle diversion measures, vehicle induction is carried out on the upstream of the construction road section, part of traffic is diverted to other alternative routes, and the smooth traffic cost of the construction road section is ensured not to cause vehicle queuing; the rationality of the diversion measure is rapidly and directly judged by utilizing large-area traffic flow simulation, and a traffic dispersion improvement measure is provided in a targeted manner;
s53, describing the dynamic traffic system by adopting a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, issuing an evaluation report, allowing a construction party to better grasp and control the traffic condition, reflecting the rationality of the implementation scheme of the traffic organization from a microscopic level, and facilitating communication and exchange among all the participants of the project.
Example two
In this embodiment, the implementation process of the method of the present invention is described in detail by taking the roman interworking as an example.
The Luzhuang intercommunication is used as a key control project in the whole line of the reconstruction and extension of the Jinghush highway, the coverage range is wide, the reconstruction and extension are related to a plurality of roads, the construction traffic organization is difficult, and the implementation of the construction traffic organization directly influences the whole lineAnd realizing the traffic guidance and traffic protection target. As shown in FIG. 2, the entire aerial photograph area has a flat terrain, an east-west length of about 400m, a north-south length of about 600m, an approximate rectangle shape, and an area of about 0.25km2。
In this embodiment, a fixed-wing drone is used to carry on an autonomous pan-tilt to acquire original image data of an aerial photographing area, and POS data corresponding to the image is acquired according to a navigation GPS/IMU positioning and orienting system of the drone and attitude information of a gyroscope.
And when the oblique image is obtained, determining a flight range according to a sample picture distribution area, reasonably planning flight routes, considering the shooting angle of an oblique photographic camera and ensuring that the routes cover at least 3 routes exceeding a boundary line of a measuring area in order to ensure the three-dimensional imaging of edge objects because the terrain is flat and the height of a building is below 80 m. Finally, the heading overlapping degree is determined to be 80%, the side overlapping degree is determined to be 70%, and the flying height is 150 m.
The unmanned aerial vehicle adopts a GNSS system for navigation in flight and flies according to the air route design data. In order to efficiently acquire the ground texture information, the long edge of the camera image frame is perpendicular to the flight direction in the embodiment. Mainly considering that the laying of flight paths depends on the overlapping degree of images to be obtained, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is easy to lose pieces due to the instability of the posture and the weak wind resistance. And secondly, when the flying platform reaches a certain position, the texture of different sides of the same ground object cannot be acquired at the same time, and at least 4 (south-north, north-south, east-west and west-east) routes are needed to acquire the complete texture information of the same ground object.
When the unmanned aerial vehicle takes an aerial photograph, the flight is as stable as possible, and the curvature of the air route is not more than 3%. During flight data inspection, clear images, moderate contrast, saturated colors, bright colors and consistent hues are ensured, and ground object images adaptive to ground resolution can be distinguished.
In the embodiment, the road traffic condition is scientifically predicted according to the traffic organization simulation running condition, and the overall traffic organization implementation scheme is determined.
According to the technical standards of highway engineering, the designed service level of the highway is normally two levels, but the service level of the traffic section can be reduced by one level when reconstruction and extension are carried out. The necessity of shunting extra-large vehicles and limiting the speed by 80km/h can be demonstrated from the aspects of traffic safety and efficiency by applying the BIM simulation technology. The simulation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 simulation results
As shown in the simulation result of table 1, after the road network is shunted and limited in speed, the high-speed main line increases the service level from the fourth level to the third level; the traffic conflict in the intercommunicating confluence area is obviously reduced; the traffic jam in a large range can be avoided under the conditions of road occupation construction or sudden accidents. Simulation analysis proves that a reasonable shunting and speed limiting scheme can practically guarantee the operation safety and efficiency of the main line traffic in the reconstruction and extension construction period.
The invention assists the formulation of a total construction traffic organization scheme, and finally determines a total guide scheme for traffic insurance in five stages, and limiting the speed at the third and fourth stages by 80km/h and limiting five-axis and above vehicles.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the invention provides a BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method, aiming at the condition that a key guide outlet is easy to have traffic jam unsmooth, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, the bearing capacity of a traffic organization scheme on the traffic flow is predicted and analyzed through traffic organization design simulation. The method optimizes the traffic guidance scheme according to the simulation condition, and improves the feasibility and the high efficiency of the traffic organization scheme. By the method, in the project implementation process, the traffic organization scheme can be updated and adjusted in time according to the construction progress adjustment and the on-site traffic organization condition, and the construction and the traffic are ensured not to interfere with each other. The method enables the three-dimensional simulation software of the traffic organization to be mutually communicated with the Vissim traffic analysis data, simultaneously associates the real traffic flow data of the expressway, and highly restores the real traffic condition under the implementation condition of the traffic organization scheme. The method realizes automatic quantitative analysis of traffic capacity of the guided and modified road section, fully explores the traffic capacity analysis capacity of three-dimensional simulation of traffic organization, and provides possibility for optimizing traffic organization design and implementing quantitative evaluation and guidance suggestion.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, constructing a real-scene terrain model of the local control area of the construction traffic organization by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and providing a real data terrain for the simulation of the construction traffic organization;
s2, establishing a full-line BIM model and a necessary traffic auxiliary facility BIM model within the construction traffic organization range on the basis of the real-scene terrain model established in the step S1;
s3, constructing a full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation by utilizing traffic simulation analysis software according to the traffic organization implementation scheme on the basis of the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, and realizing the conversion of the two-dimensional plane of the traffic organization implementation scheme to three-dimensional display;
s4, carrying out quantitative analysis on the actual traffic capacity of the traffic organization implementation scheme by using Vissim software, carrying out interconnection and fusion on the quantitative analysis data and the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation data constructed in the step S3, establishing a full-line BIM model-based traffic organization three-dimensional simulation, and realizing three-dimensional visual display of traffic flow analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions based on real traffic flow data;
s5, aiming at the condition that a key traffic guiding outlet is easy to have traffic jam unsmooth, on the basis of analyzing the existing traffic flow data, a traffic guiding scheme is optimized according to the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation condition based on the whole-line BIM model, and the feasibility and the efficiency of the traffic organization implementation scheme are improved.
2. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S1 specifically includes the following contents,
s11, collecting and analyzing natural geographic conditions of the aerial photography area and technical equipment conditions of the unmanned aerial vehicle, making a detailed shooting plan, proposing aerial photography requirements according to mapping requirements, delimiting aerial photography zones, analyzing and determining aerial photography precision indexes and main technical parameters, and determining the height of a photography datum plane of the aerial photography zones;
s12, selecting the most favorable meteorological conditions in the aerial photography area to carry out aerial photography, and ensuring that aerial photographs can truly show ground details;
s13, introducing high-precision photo control points to participate in space-three calculation, and measuring the plane position and elevation of the photo control points for space-three encryption;
s14, taking external orientation elements provided by an airborne POS (point of sale) as an observed value, introducing the observed value into a photogrammetric area network adjustment, utilizing post-processing software to realize automatic matching of the obtained multi-view images by adopting a unified mathematical model and algorithm, obtaining homonymous connection points, constructing a free network, and realizing space-three encryption of oblique photographic images;
s15, performing three-dimensional modeling by using a Context Capture system, sequentially importing images and photo control points, selecting appropriate photo pricking points, opening the Context Capture and Center Engine to perform space-three processing twice, selecting a corresponding coordinate system, and automatically constructing a high-resolution three-dimensional construction traffic organization local control area real-scene terrain model, DOM and DSM by software; the generated real-scene terrain model can be viewed, coordinates can be extracted and distances can be measured through Smart3D Capture Viewer.
3. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the aerial photography requirement of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows: during flight, the data sampling interval of the airborne GPS receiver is not more than 1s, and the flying ascending and descending speed is not more than 10 m/s; the course overlapping degree is 60-65%, the side overlapping degree is set to be 30-35%, and the route curvature is not more than 3%; keeping the same altitude during flying, wherein the altitude difference between adjacent photos on the same flight line is not more than 20m, and the difference between the maximum altitude and the minimum altitude is not more than 30 m; the course coverage should exceed the shot boundary line by not less than a base line, and the lateral coverage exceeds the shot boundary line by not less than 50% of the image frame generally; and the relative loopholes and the absolute loopholes in the aerial photography process need to be compensated by adopting a digital camera in the previous aerial photography flight, and the compensation range needs to exceed two baselines outside the loophole range.
4. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 2, which is characterized in that: in step S13, the photo control points should be arranged reasonably and kept in a reasonable number, and the following rules should be followed during arrangement,
(a) the target image of the photo control point is clear and easy to distinguish, the photo control point is set in the course and side direction 6-piece overlapping range, if the point selection is difficult, the target image needs to be controlled in the 5-piece overlapping range;
(b) the distance between the photo control point and the photo edge is not less than 1-1.5 cm;
(c) the control point of the picture should be selected near the side overlapping central line;
(d) the distance between the photo control point and each mark of the photo is more than 1 mm;
(e) the control points of the image picture at the free edge of the graph, the edge of the graph to be formed and the edge of the graph formed by other methods are uniformly distributed outside the outline of the graph.
5. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the step S2 specifically includes the following contents,
s21, determining and unifying BIM model positioning reference; the coordinate of the BIM model is consistent with the real engineering coordinate, or the coordinate of the BIM model is consistent with the real engineering coordinate after uniformly adding or subtracting XY coordinates;
s22, constructing a BIM model, wherein the hierarchy division and the model precision are based on meeting the requirements of construction traffic organization, the model precision of a road, bridge and tunnel model can be controlled to be not higher than lod100, and key optimization is needed for the arrangement and the trend of a traffic lane;
s23, building a BIM within the construction traffic organization range by adopting BIM modeling software, and uniformly outputting a professional file format;
and S24, synchronously importing the three-dimensional real-scene terrain model constructed by oblique photography and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range into related software, uniformly assembling the three-dimensional real-scene terrain model and the BIM model in the construction traffic organization range, and constructing a full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range.
6. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 5, wherein: the step S3 specifically includes the following contents,
s31, carrying out microscopic simulation on traffic change important nodes by using traffic simulation analysis software based on the full-line BIM model in the construction traffic organization range constructed in the step S2, establishing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation conforming to the actual traffic condition, and carrying out statistical analysis on the traffic condition;
s32, the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation can dynamically and vividly simulate various traffic phenomena and reproduce the time-space change of traffic flow;
s33, performing full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation to visually reproduce the running condition of vehicles in a road network and scientifically predict whether traffic is congested at a certain position and whether roads are smooth, so that corresponding traffic diversion measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s34, carrying out all-line construction traffic organization visualization simulation, considering corresponding construction organization plans, and realizing interference fusion of construction organization simulation and traffic organization simulation; through the fusion of the two, a dynamic traffic system is described by using a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, an evaluation report is issued, a general construction organization design scheme is assisted to be specified, a restriction and speed limit scheme is determined, and the traffic conflict rate and the traffic jam possibility of the split-combined flow are reduced.
7. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 6, which is characterized in that: the step S4 specifically includes the following contents,
s41, importing a model result constructed by the BIM modeling software into the Vissim software in a 'inpx' file format, realizing the real construction of a set route in the Visim software, and achieving the data interaction between the BIM modeling software and the Visim software;
s42, synchronously importing the real traffic data and the traffic organization implementation scheme into Vissim software for processing, and quantitatively evaluating the traffic capacity under the implementation condition of the current traffic organization implementation scheme by using the Vissim software to realize corresponding traffic simulation analysis;
and S43, fusing the quantitative evaluation data in the step S42 and the full-line construction traffic organization visual simulation data in the step S3 into LmenRT Microstation software, taking the LmenRT Microstation software as data support, considering the fusion of construction organization and traffic organization, establishing a full-line BIM model-based traffic organization three-dimensional simulation, and realizing the three-dimensional visual display of traffic analysis data and traffic flow traffic conditions of the Vissim software.
8. The BIM and Vissim fused construction traffic organization three-dimensional simulation method of claim 7, which is characterized in that: step S5 includes the following specific contents,
s51, the traffic organization three-dimensional simulation based on the full-line BIM model is helpful for deeply analyzing the characteristics of vehicles, drivers, pedestrians, roads and traffic, and is helpful for planning and designing traffic planning, traffic organization and management, traffic energy conservation and transportation flow rationalization, so that corresponding traffic diversion and distribution measures are provided in a targeted manner;
s52, aiming at the construction road section, the traffic control department appoints corresponding vehicle diversion measures, vehicle induction is carried out on the upstream of the construction road section, part of traffic is diverted to other alternative routes, and the smooth traffic cost of the construction road section is ensured not to cause vehicle queuing; the rationality of the diversion measure is rapidly and directly judged by utilizing large-area traffic flow simulation, and a traffic dispersion improvement measure is provided in a targeted manner;
s53, describing the dynamic traffic system by adopting a digital and/or text and/or graphic mode, issuing an evaluation report, allowing a construction party to better grasp and control the traffic condition, reflecting the rationality of the implementation scheme of the traffic organization from a microscopic level, and facilitating communication and exchange among all the participants of the project.
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