CN114002601A - Method and device for calculating capacity of retired lithium ion battery cell - Google Patents
Method and device for calculating capacity of retired lithium ion battery cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114002601A CN114002601A CN202111121742.6A CN202111121742A CN114002601A CN 114002601 A CN114002601 A CN 114002601A CN 202111121742 A CN202111121742 A CN 202111121742A CN 114002601 A CN114002601 A CN 114002601A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell, which comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining discharge capacity Q of battery systemPut(ii) a 2) When the battery system is completely charged, the battery cell which is fully charged firstly in the whole battery system is the first battery cell; when the battery system is completely discharged, the battery cell which is fully discharged firstly in the whole battery system is the second battery cell; 3) when the first battery cell reaches full charge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un1, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the first voltage Un1 to the full charge of the first battery celln1(ii) a When the second battery cell reaches full discharge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un2, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the discharge of the second battery cell from the second voltage Un2 to the full dischargen2(ii) a 4) Calculating the capacity of the battery cell to be obtained according to the discharge capacity and the capacity difference: qn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell, and belongs to the field of power battery recycling and echelon utilization.
Background
For the echelon utilization link of the retired battery, the capacity of the battery needs to be evaluated; the capacity test of the whole battery system is relatively simple, but when the capacity of each battery cell is to be evaluated, the battery system or the module is disassembled into the battery cells, and then each battery cell is tested; this method requires a large amount of test equipment and the disassembly process is time consuming and labor intensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for calculating the capacity of a core of a retired lithium ion battery, which are used for solving the problems that the battery needs to be disassembled and time and labor are wasted in the capacity measurement of the core of the retired lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell, comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining discharge capacity Q of battery systemPut；
2) When the battery system is completely charged, the battery cell which is fully charged firstly in the whole battery system is the first battery cell;
when the battery system is completely discharged, the battery cell which is fully discharged firstly in the whole battery system is the second battery cell;
3) when the first battery cell reaches full charge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un1, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the first voltage Un1 to the full charge of the first battery celln1；
When the second battery cell reaches full discharge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un2, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the discharge of the second battery cell from the second voltage Un2 to the full dischargen2；
4) Calculating the capacity of the battery cell to be obtained according to the discharge capacity and the capacity difference: qn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
The invention provides a method for calculating the capacity of a battery cell in a retired battery system, which comprises the steps of charging and discharging the battery system under a certain constant current, calculating the discharge capacity of the whole battery system by using an ampere-hour integration method according to parameters such as voltage, current and the like in the charging and discharging process, and calculating the capacity of the battery cell in the system according to the voltage parameter, the discharge capacity and the ampere-hour integration method. By the method, the cell capacity can be measured under the condition that the battery system is not completely disassembled.
Further, the discharge capacity Q of the battery systemPutObtained by the following method:
a) discharging the battery system by constant current until a certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then standing for a set time;
b) charging the discharged battery system by constant current to reach a preset voltage value, and standing for a set time;
c) continuously charging the battery system charged to the preset voltage value by the constant current until a certain battery cell is fully charged firstly and then stands for a set time;
d) discharging a battery system with a certain battery cell fully charged at a constant current until the certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then stands for a set time, and calculating the discharge capacity Q of the battery system by using an ampere-hour integration methodPut。
Further, in the step c), the first battery cell in full is a first battery cell; in the step d), the battery cell which is firstly realized in full charge is the second battery cell.
When the cell capacity of the battery system is calculated, the discharge capacity is obtained according to the method, and in the process of obtaining the discharge capacity, the cell which realizes full charge firstly can be regarded as the first cell in the process of stopping charging after the first full charge of a certain cell is realized in the charging process; in the discharging process, in the process that a certain battery cell firstly realizes full discharge and then stops discharging, the battery cell firstly realizing full discharge is considered as a second battery cell; or only obtaining the discharge capacity in the first charge-discharge process, and determining the first battery cell and the second battery cell in the second charge-discharge process.
Further, when the first battery cell is fully charged in the step c), acquiring a voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un 1; and d), when the second battery cell is fully discharged in the step d), acquiring the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un 2.
When the first voltage and the second voltage are determined, the first voltage and the second voltage can be obtained in the process of obtaining the discharge capacity through first charging and discharging, can also be obtained in the process of determining the charging and discharging of the first battery cell and the second battery cell for the second time, and can also be obtained through a complete charging and discharging process again to determine the first voltage and the second voltage.
Further, in step 2) and step 3), the capacity difference Qn1And Qn2Obtained by ampere-hour integration.
The invention also provides a device for calculating the battery cell capacity of the retired lithium ion battery, which comprises a controller and a battery interface, wherein the battery interface is used for charging and discharging the battery to be tested and collecting the battery cell voltage of the battery system;
the method for calculating the capacity of the electric core of the retired lithium ion battery by executing the corresponding instruction by the controller comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining discharge capacity Q of battery systemPut；
2) When the battery system is completely charged, the battery cell which is fully charged firstly in the whole battery system is the first battery cell;
when the battery system is completely discharged, the battery cell which is fully discharged firstly in the whole battery system is the second battery cell;
3) when the first battery cell reaches full charge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un1, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the first voltage Un1 to the full charge of the first battery celln1；
When the second battery cell reaches full discharge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un2, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the discharge of the second battery cell from the second voltage Un2 to the full dischargen2；
4) Calculating the capacity of the battery cell to be obtained according to the discharge capacity and the capacity difference: qn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
Further, in the step 1), the discharge capacity Q isPutObtained by the following method:
a) discharging the battery system by constant current until a certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then standing for a set time;
b) charging the discharged battery system by constant current to reach a preset voltage value, and standing for a set time;
c) continuously charging the battery system charged to the preset voltage value by the constant current until a certain battery cell is fully charged firstly and then stands for a set time;
d) discharging a battery system with a certain battery cell fully charged at a constant current until the certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then stands for a set time, and calculating the discharge capacity Q of the battery system by using an ampere-hour integration methodPut。
Further, in the step c), the first battery cell in full is a first battery cell; in the step d), the battery cell which is firstly realized in full charge is the second battery cell.
Further, when the first battery cell is fully charged in the step c), acquiring a voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un 1; and d), when the second battery cell is fully discharged in the step d), acquiring the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un 2.
Further, in step 2) and step 3), the capacity difference Qn1And Qn2Obtained by ampere-hour integration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram 1 illustrating the calculation of the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of calculating the capacity of the retired lithium ion battery cell of the present invention 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The method comprises the following steps:
the invention adopts a certain current (0.3C-1C) to charge and discharge the battery system or the module, extracts the characteristic parameters of voltage, current, time and the like in the charging and discharging process, and performs ampere-hour integration according to the current-time to obtain the discharge capacity Q of the whole battery system or the modulePutAnd calculating the capacity of each battery cell in the group. The method is suitable for calculating the cell capacity of the retired lithium ion batteries such as lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium manganate, lithium titanate and the like. As shown in fig. 1, the specific steps are as follows:
opening an upper cover of the battery system or the battery module to expose a bus bar of the battery system or the battery module, connecting the bus bar to charge and discharge test equipment, and monitoring the voltage of all battery cells; the method comprises the steps of recording voltage, current and charging and discharging time by charging or discharging a battery system or a battery module integrally; obtaining the discharge capacity of the battery system or the whole battery module by an ampere-hour integration method according to the recorded data; and finally, calculating the cell capacity according to all the cell voltages and the discharge capacities.
Specifically, at first, carry out the charge-discharge test to whole battery system or battery module:
1) discharging under the condition of constant current and no operation on the battery system or the battery module until full discharge of any cell voltage in the whole battery system or the battery module is realized at first, and standing the battery system or the battery module for a period of time;
2) after standing, charging the battery system or the battery module by constant current, and standing the battery system or the battery module for a period of time after charging to a certain set voltage value;
3) after standing, charging the battery system or the battery module by constant current until any one battery cell in the whole battery system or the battery module is fully charged firstly and then stands for a period of time; constantly recording the voltage and the corresponding time of the battery cell which realizes full charge firstly in the full charge process;
4) after standing, discharging the battery system or the battery module at constant current again until any one battery cell in the whole battery system or the battery module is fully discharged firstly and then stands for a period of time; and recording the voltage and the corresponding time of the battery cell which realizes full discharge at first in the full discharge process at all times.
In the above process, according to step 3) and step 4), any cell in the battery system or the battery module reaches full charge first and any cell reaches full discharge first, and the full charge and full discharge cell voltage and the corresponding time are calculated by using an ampere-hour integration method to obtain the discharge capacity Q of the whole battery system or the battery modulePut. And then further determining the battery system or the battery module, and when charging in the step 3), firstly realizing the fully charged battery cell, and recording the position number of the battery cell as A (in a plurality of battery cells of the battery system or the battery module, firstly realizing the specific position of the fully charged battery cellPosition); in the battery system or the battery module, when discharging in step 4), the fully discharged battery cell is realized first, and the position number of the battery cell is recorded as B (in the numerous battery cells of the battery system or the battery module, the specific position of the fully discharged battery cell is realized first).
To calculate the capacity of a certain cell in the whole battery system or battery module, the cell voltage U of the required capacity at the end of the charging in step 3) is determined firstn1And determining that the battery cell A is charged to U in the step 3) according to the battery cell An1The time difference between the time of (a) and the time when the full charge of the battery cell a is finished (the battery cell with the required capacity is not the battery cell which realizes the full charge at first, and the battery cell which realizes the full charge at first is charged to the Un1Necessarily having a time difference with the full charge), calculating the corresponding capacity difference Q under the time difference by an ampere-hour integration methodn1(ii) a Then determining the cell voltage U of the required capacity when the discharge is finished in the step 4)n2And determining that the battery cell B discharges to U in the step 4) according to the battery cell Bn2Time difference from the end of full discharge of the battery cell B (the battery cell with the required capacity is not the battery cell which realizes full charge firstly, and the battery cell which realizes full discharge firstly discharges to Un2Necessarily having a time difference with the full discharge), calculating the corresponding capacity difference Q under the time difference by an ampere-hour integration methodn2. The capacity Q of the cell is obtainedn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a is a battery cell in which full charge is first achieved in the charging process, B is a battery cell in which full discharge is first achieved in the discharging process, and N is a battery cell in which the capacity of the battery cell is to be obtained. When the battery pack A is fully charged, stopping charging, wherein the voltage of the battery pack A at the moment is Ua (the upper limit voltage of a battery pack monomer battery cell); stopping discharging when B realizes full discharge, wherein the voltage of B is Ub (the lower limit voltage of a single battery cell of the battery pack), and calculating the discharge capacity Q of the battery system or the battery module by using an ampere-hour integration method according to the time difference and the current between Ua and UbPut。
When the cell a which first achieves full charge reaches full charge, the voltage of the corresponding cell N with the capacity to be requested at this time is Un1, and obviously Un1 does not reach the upper limit voltage Ua (because the cell does not first reach the cell a which fully charges); thus, the first implementationBefore the fully charged cell a reaches the full charge, the voltage of the cell a which realizes the full charge first must reach Un1 (for example, the upper limit voltage is 100, the voltage of the cell a which realizes the full charge first at the time of the full charge is 100, at this time, N does not realize the full charge, for example, the voltage corresponds to 80, then a must pass 80 before reaching 100), the time for charging the voltage of the cell a which realizes the full charge first from Un1 to Ua is obtained, and the capacity (part (i) in the figure) calculated by the ampere-hour integration method according to the time and the current can be considered as the capacity difference Q between the charge stop of the cell N and the full charge of the cell Nn1。
When B reaches full discharge, the voltage of the corresponding cell N with the capacity to be requested at this time is Un2, and obviously Un2 does not reach the lower limit voltage Ub (because the cell does not reach the fully discharged cell B first); therefore, before the fully discharged cell B reaches the full discharge, the voltage of the cell B which realizes the full discharge first must reach Un2 (for example, the lower limit voltage is 10, the voltage of the cell B which realizes the full discharge first is 10 when the cell B fully discharges, at this time, N does not realize the full discharge, for example, the voltage corresponds to 20, then B must pass 20 before reaching 10), the time for charging the voltage of the cell B which realizes the full discharge first from Un2 to Ub is obtained, and the cell capacity (part:) calculated by the ampere-hour integration method according to the time and the current can be considered as the capacity difference Q between the charging stop of the cell N and the full discharge of the cell Nn2. The capacity Q of the cell is obtainedn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
In addition to this embodiment, the first to reach full charge and the first to reach full discharge may be one cell, namely: a is also B. As shown in fig. 3, a and B are the same cell, and the capacity difference of the cell N is calculated by using the data of full charge and full discharge of the same cell.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the capacity of each battery core of a retired battery without completely disassembling a battery system or a battery module in advance. The capacity difference between the two processes of realizing full charge and full discharge of the battery cell with the lowest voltage lower limit value through the battery cell with the highest voltage upper limit value in the whole system or the module can obtain the discharge capacity of the whole system or the module, and the electricity firstly realizing full charge during charging is recordedCore position and the position of the electrical core which realizes full discharge firstly during discharge. If the capacity of a certain battery cell needs to be calculated, the voltage U corresponding to the battery cell of which the capacity needs to be calculated when the battery cell in the whole system or module first reaches full charge needs to be recordedn1Calculating the voltage of the cell which reaches full charge first to reach Un1And a time difference for realizing full charge, and calculating the capacity difference Q by using the time differencen1. The voltage U corresponding to the cell which needs to calculate the capacity when the cell in the whole system or module reaches full discharge first needs to be recordedn2Calculating the voltage of the cell which reaches full discharge at first to reach Un2And a time difference for realizing full discharge, and calculating the capacity difference Q by using the time differencen2. Obtaining the capacity of the battery cell according to each calculated capacity difference: qn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
The embodiment of the device is as follows:
the invention also provides a device for calculating the capacity of the battery cell of the retired lithium ion battery, which comprises a controller and a battery interface, wherein the battery interface is used for charging and discharging the battery to be tested and collecting the battery cell voltage of the battery system; the controller executes a corresponding instruction to implement a calculation method for the capacity of the retired lithium ion battery cell, which has been clearly described in the method embodiments and is not described herein again.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining discharge capacity Q of battery systemPut；
2) When the battery system is completely charged, the battery cell which is fully charged firstly in the whole battery system is the first battery cell;
when the battery system is completely discharged, the battery cell which is fully discharged firstly in the whole battery system is the second battery cell;
3) when the first battery cell reaches full charge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un1, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the first voltage Un1 to the full charge of the first battery celln1；
When the second battery cell reaches full discharge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un2, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the discharge of the second battery cell from the second voltage Un2 to the full dischargen2；
4) Calculating the capacity of the battery cell to be obtained according to the discharge capacity and the capacity difference: qn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
2. The method for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the discharge capacity Q isPutObtained by the following method:
a) discharging the battery system by constant current until a certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then standing for a set time;
b) charging the discharged battery system by constant current to reach a preset voltage value, and standing for a set time;
c) continuously charging the battery system charged to the preset voltage value by the constant current until a certain battery cell is fully charged firstly and then stands for a set time;
d) discharging a battery system with a certain battery cell fully charged at a constant current until the certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then stands for a set time, and calculating the discharge capacity Q of the battery system by using an ampere-hour integration methodPut。
3. The method for calculating the capacity of a battery cell of a retired lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the battery cell which is first filled in step c) is the first battery cell; in the step d), the battery cell which is firstly realized in full charge is the second battery cell.
4. The method for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell according to claim 3, wherein in step c), when the first cell is fully charged, the voltage of the cell with the capacity to be obtained at this time is the first voltage Un 1; and d), when the second battery cell is fully discharged in the step d), acquiring the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un 2.
5. According to claim 4The method for calculating the capacity of the battery cell of the retired lithium ion battery is characterized in that in the step 2) and the step 3), the capacity difference Qn1And Qn2Obtained by ampere-hour integration.
6. A device for calculating the capacity of a retired lithium ion battery cell is characterized by comprising a controller and a battery interface, wherein the battery interface is used for charging and discharging a battery to be tested and collecting the cell voltage of a battery system;
the method for calculating the capacity of the electric core of the retired lithium ion battery by executing the corresponding instruction by the controller comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining discharge capacity Q of battery systemPut；
2) When the battery system is completely charged, the battery cell which is fully charged firstly in the whole battery system is the first battery cell;
when the battery system is completely discharged, the battery cell which is fully discharged firstly in the whole battery system is the second battery cell;
3) when the first battery cell reaches full charge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a first voltage Un1, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the first voltage Un1 to the full charge of the first battery celln1；
When the second battery cell reaches full discharge, recording the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un2, and calculating the capacity difference Q according to the time from the discharge of the second battery cell from the second voltage Un2 to the full dischargen2；
4) Calculating the capacity of the battery cell to be obtained according to the discharge capacity and the capacity difference: qn＝QPut+Qn1+Qn2。
7. The device for calculating the capacity of ex-service lithium ion battery cells of claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the discharge capacity Q isPutObtained by the following method:
a) discharging the battery system by constant current until a certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then standing for a set time;
b) charging the discharged battery system by constant current to reach a preset voltage value, and standing for a set time;
c) continuously charging the battery system charged to the preset voltage value by the constant current until a certain battery cell is fully charged firstly and then stands for a set time;
d) discharging a battery system with a certain battery cell fully charged at a constant current until the certain battery cell is fully discharged firstly and then stands for a set time, and calculating the discharge capacity Q of the battery system by using an ampere-hour integration methodPut。
8. The apparatus for calculating the capacity of ex-service lithium ion battery cells of claim 7, wherein the cell that is first filled in step c) is the first cell; in the step d), the battery cell which is firstly realized in full charge is the second battery cell.
9. The device for calculating the capacity of ex-service lithium ion battery cells according to claim 8, wherein in step c), when the first cell is fully charged, the voltage of the cell with the capacity to be obtained at this time is the first voltage Un 1; and d), when the second battery cell is fully discharged in the step d), acquiring the voltage of the battery cell with the capacity to be obtained at the moment as a second voltage Un 2.
10. The apparatus for calculating the capacity of decommissioned lithium ion battery cells according to claim 9, wherein in step 2) and step 3), the capacity difference Q isn1And Qn2Obtained by ampere-hour integration.
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