CN109116258A - A kind of determination method and system of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition - Google Patents
A kind of determination method and system of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109116258A CN109116258A CN201811198154.0A CN201811198154A CN109116258A CN 109116258 A CN109116258 A CN 109116258A CN 201811198154 A CN201811198154 A CN 201811198154A CN 109116258 A CN109116258 A CN 109116258A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of determination methods of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition, which is characterized in that comprising the following specific steps measuring the actual capacity of battery and carrying out capacity calibration；Discharge treatment is carried out to battery, i.e., is reset the SOC of battery；It is charged the battery by certain SOC step-length, the voltage recorded at this time is U1；The pulse current charge that a cycle is carried out to battery, the voltage recorded at this time is U2；Until the SOC=1 of battery；Multiple DC internal resistance R of battery are obtained according to multiple groups U1 and U2；Draw R-SOC curve graph；New charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition is obtained by R-SOC curve.Compared with prior art, by the use state control of battery in the area Ping Shi of DC internal resistance, thermal losses caused by the harm and internal resistance for avoiding over-charging of battery over-discharge increase, high temperature explosion etc. endangers the present invention, damage of the super-charge super-discharge to battery is weakened, guarantees the permanent use of battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field, a kind of determination method more particularly, to charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition and
System.
Background technique
Lithium-ion-power cell is now widely used for electric car field, and lithium battery flattening bench is high, single battery
Average voltage is 3.7V or 3.2V, and energy density is high, and service life is relatively long, has high power endurance, and self-discharge rate is low,
Memory-less effect；High/low temperature is adaptable, environmentally protective, no matter production, use and scrap all do not contain, do not generate yet it is any
The poisonous and harmful heavy metallics such as lead, mercury, cadmium element and substance.Based on these characteristics, lithium battery is widely used on electric car.It is dynamic
Power lithium battery mainly has ferric phosphate lithium cell, lithium manganate battery, cobalt acid lithium battery and ternary lithium battery (ternary nickel cobalt manganese) etc..
The standard of the charge and discharge cut-off of lithium battery is according to national regulation, charge cutoff at present are as follows: 1c constant current is charged to 4.2v
Or 3.65v, switch to constant-voltage charge, electric current is made to be reduced to 0.01I stopping；Electric discharge cut-off are as follows: 1c constant-current discharge to 2.7v.Although
National standard meets the performance requirement of most of lithium batteries, but can not accomplish fining classification, due to the reality of all kinds of lithium batteries
Border capacity and application are different, and monolithic charge and discharge cut-off standard be easy to cause electricity for specific one battery
Pond overcharge and over-discharge, influence the performance and use of battery.It is also known that lithium battery is after a period of use, battery
Capacity can reduce, and keep original charge and discharge cut-off meeting so that damage effect is even more serious, accelerate reduction battery uses the longevity
Life.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of charging and discharging lithium batteries
The determination method of cut-off condition.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition, comprising the following specific steps
A. it measures the actual capacity of battery and carries out capacity calibration；
B. discharge treatment is carried out to battery, i.e., reset the SOC of battery；
C. it is charged the battery by certain SOC step-length, the voltage recorded at this time is U1；
D. the pulse current charge that a cycle is carried out to battery, the voltage recorded at this time is U2；
E. step c and d are repeated, until the SOC=1 of battery；
F. multiple DC internal resistance R of battery are obtained according to multiple groups U1 and U2；
G. R-SOC curve graph is drawn；
H. new charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition is obtained by R-SOC curve.
Further, in step h, COEFFICIENT K 1 and K2, R >=K1R are obtained by R-SOC curveSOC=0.5For charge cutoff, R >=
K2RSOC=0.5End for electric discharge, wherein RSOC=0.5The DC internal resistance of battery when for SOC=0.5.
Further, in step a, by setting multiplying power electric current under charge and discharge cycles, calibration obtain the electric current under charge or
The actual capacity of person's electric discharge.
Further, in step c, the concrete mode charged the battery by certain SOC step-length is in certain time
In interval, constant current I charging is carried out to battery.
Further, the calculation formula of the DC internal resistance R is R=(U1-U2)/I.
Further, in step g, the R-SOC curve graph further includes node SOC and direct current on each SOC node
Internal resistance R is relative to RSOC=0.5Difference percentage curve, wherein RSOC=0.5The DC internal resistance of battery when for SOC=0.5.
A kind of determination system of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition, comprising:
Demarcating module, for measuring the actual capacity of battery and carrying out capacity calibration；
Preparation module resets the SOC of battery for carrying out discharge treatment to battery；
Measurement module, for charging the battery by certain SOC step-length, the voltage recorded at this time is U1, at two
The pulse current charge for carrying out a cycle in the interval of SOC step-length to battery, the voltage recorded at this time is U2, repeats to record U1
With U2 until the SOC=1 of battery, obtains multiple groups U1 and U2；
Processing module, for obtaining multiple DC internal resistance R of battery according to multiple groups U1 and U2；
Output module for drawing R-SOC curve graph, and obtains new charging and discharging lithium battery by R-SOC curve and ends
Condition.
Further, in the output module, COEFFICIENT K 1 and K2, R >=K1R are obtained by R-SOC curveSOC=0.5For charging
Cut-off, R >=K2RSOC=0.5End for electric discharge, wherein RSOC=0.5The DC internal resistance of battery when for SOC=0.5.
Further, in the measurement module, the concrete mode charged the battery by certain SOC step-length be
In certain time interval, constant current I charging is carried out to battery.
Further, in the processing module, the calculation formula of DC internal resistance R is R=(U1-U2)/I.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, DC internal resistance of the present invention by test battery during charging and discharging under difference SOC (state-of-charge),
Determine to replace voltage as novel by condition using DC internal resistance with the changing rule of SOC using DC internal resistance.DC internal resistance value
Certain regularity variation is presented with SOC, curve is in U-shape, and therefore, the present invention controls the use state of battery in DC internal resistance
The area Ping Shi, avoid over-charging of battery over-discharge harm and internal resistance increase caused by thermal losses, high temperature explosion etc. harm, reduction
Damage of the super-charge super-discharge to battery guarantees the permanent use of battery.
2, the present invention can determine the respective charge and discharge cut-off condition of each battery with refining, and make each battery
It can determine that respectively optimal charge and discharge cut-off, reduce the damage of battery, it is made to keep optimum working performance；Meanwhile making in battery
After a period of time, determination again is carried out to the charge and discharge cut-off of battery using this method, it can be made to can still be maintained
Preferable working performance reduces and becomes smaller because of battery capacity, but still maintains original charge and discharge cut-off condition, it is caused overcharge,
The damage of over-discharge extends the service life of battery.
3, the present invention is applied widely, and design is simple, can redefine and judge the battery after battery is retired
Performance makes its recycling after determining its new charge and discharge cut-off, plays important standard for the practical application that battery echelon utilizes
Standby and directive function.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the lower 4 ternarys lithium battery monomer charging DC internal resistance R-SOC curve of 0.5C multiplying power electric current；
Fig. 2 is that the lower 4 ternarys lithium battery monomer of 0.5C multiplying power electric current charges DC internal resistance R relative to RSOC=0.5Difference hundred
Divide and compares curve；
Fig. 3 is the lower 4 ternarys lithium battery monomer charging DC internal resistance R-SOC curve of 1C multiplying power electric current；
Fig. 4 is that the lower 4 ternarys lithium battery monomer of 1C multiplying power electric current charges DC internal resistance R relative to RSOC=0.5Difference percentage
Compare curve；
Fig. 5 is that the lower 4 ternarys lithium battery monomer charging DC internal resistance R and open-circuit voltage OCV of 2C multiplying power electric current changes with SOC
Curve；
Fig. 6 is that the lower 4 ternarys lithium battery monomer of 2C multiplying power electric current charges DC internal resistance R relative to RSOC=0.5Difference percentage
Compare curve；
Fig. 7 be ternary lithium battery 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C multiplying power electric current under charging DC internal resistance R and open-circuit voltage OCV with
The curve of SOC variation；
Fig. 8 is the DC internal resistance R and open-circuit voltage OCV that charges under ferric phosphate lithium cell 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C multiplying power electric current
The curve changed with SOC；
Fig. 9 is that DC internal resistance R is charged under ferric phosphate lithium cell 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C multiplying power electric current relative to RSOC=0.5's
Difference percentage curve；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Embodiment one
A kind of determination method for present embodiments providing charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition, the determination system packet used
It includes: demarcating module, for measuring the actual capacity of battery and carrying out capacity calibration；Preparation module, for discharging battery
Processing resets the SOC of battery；Measurement module records at this time for charging the battery by certain SOC step-length
Voltage is U1, carries out the pulse current charge of a cycle to battery in the interval of two SOC step-lengths, records voltage at this time
For U2, repeats to record U1 and U2 the SOC=1 until battery, obtain multiple groups U1 and U2；Processing module, for according to multiple groups U1 and
U2 obtains multiple DC internal resistance R of battery；Output module obtains newly for drawing R-SOC curve graph, and by R-SOC curve
Charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition.
This example selects 2.9Ah Panasonic 18650pf ternary lithium battery, the determination method step of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition
It is rapid as follows:
1.1, battery is placed in temperature control box, and 25 DEG C of temperature, humidity 30%；
1.2,0.5C constant current charge-discharge carries out capacity calibration, and battery is charged to 4.2v, 30min is stood, is discharged to 2.7v,
Stand 30min；
1.3, battery is fully charged and then is discharged to 2.7v, stands 30min, battery SOC=0,0.5C electric current charging at this time
When often fill 5min, stand 30min, voltage is denoted as U1, at this time SOC=0.05；
1.4, the pulse current charge of a cycle is carried out to battery, i.e. 3C electric current charging 10s, voltage is denoted as U2, stands
60s；
1.5, circulation step 1.3 and 1.4 stands 30min until SOC=1；
1.6, DC internal resistance R is calculated according to DC internal resistance calculation formula R=(U1-U2)/I；
1.7, R-SOC curve is drawn, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.It can be seen that U-shaped is presented in curve, DC internal resistance is not one
Definite value, it changes with the variation of battery capacity SOC, charges the initial stage, and before SOC is less than 0.25, DC internal resistance, which reduces, to become
Gesture keeps DC internal resistance to keep stablizing in the section SOC=0.25 to SOC=0.75, and after SOC is greater than 0.75, DC internal resistance is in
Increasing trend.The reason is that lithium branch crystalline substance generates when lithium battery interior can occur SEI film and thicken so that lithium battery SOC it is smaller and
Electric conductivity reduces when larger, and lithium battery interior SEI film thickens, and the generation of lithium branch crystalline substance can cause certain damage to battery, when it
It repeated and just will affect battery life.Therefore, the present invention only select the both ends of DC internal resistance stable section in R-SOC curve as
New cut-off condition avoids the generation of damage as far as possible.By curve graph it can be concluded that when battery 0.5c charge and discharge, R >=
1.2RSOC=0.5Stop charging, as R >=1.17RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment and example one are essentially identical, and only the inner electric current of step 1.2 is 1C, and the step 1.3 the inside charging time is
2.5min, curve is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, obtains when battery 1C charge and discharge, R >=1.2RSOC=0.5Stop charging, when R >=
1.19RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment and example one are essentially identical, and only the inner electric current of step 1.2 is 1.5C, step 1.3 the inside charging time
For 1min 40s, curve is as shown in Fig. 7, when battery 1.5C charge and discharge, R >=1.14RSOC=0.5Stop charging, when R >=
1.16RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Example IV
The present embodiment and example one are essentially identical, and only the inner electric current of step 1.2 is 2C, and the step 1.3 the inside charging time is
1min 15s, curve is as shown in attached drawing 5 and Fig. 6, when battery 2C charge and discharge, R >=1.17RSOC=0.5Stop charging, when R >=
1.17RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Embodiment five
A kind of determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition is present embodiments provided, 1.1Ah A123 power mind is selected
The determination method and step of 18650 ferric phosphate lithium cells, charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition is as follows:
2.1, battery is placed in temperature control box, and 25 DEG C of temperature, humidity 30%,
2.2,0.5C constant current charge-discharge carries out capacity calibration, charges to 3.65v, stands 30min, is discharged to 2.7v, stands
30min；
2.3, battery is fully charged and then is discharged to 2.7v, stands 30min, at this time SOC=0, and 0.5C electric current often fills when charging
5min stands 30min, and voltage is denoted as U1, at this time SOC=0.05；
2.4, the pulse current charge of a cycle is carried out to battery, i.e. 3C electric current charging 10s, voltage is denoted as U2, stands
60s；
2.5, circulation step 2.3 and step 2.4 stand 30min until SOC=1；
2.6, DC internal resistance R is calculated according to DC internal resistance calculation formula R=(U1-U2)/I；
2.7, R-SOC curve is drawn, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, it can be seen that U-shaped is presented in curve, obtains as battery 0.5c
When charge and discharge, R >=1.4RSOC=0.5Stop charging, as R >=1.3RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Embodiment six
The present embodiment and example five are essentially identical, and only step 2.2 electric current is 1C, and the step 2.3 the inside charging time is
2.5min is obtained when battery 1C charge and discharge, R >=1.4R as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9SOC=0.5Stop charging, when R >=
1.3RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Embodiment seven
The present embodiment and example five are essentially identical, and only the inner electric current of step 2.2 is 1.5C, step 2.3 the inside charging time
For 1min 40s, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, when battery 1.5C charge and discharge, R >=1.4RSOC=0.5Stop charging, when R >=
1.3RSOC=0.5Stop electric discharge.
Embodiment eight
The present embodiment and example five are essentially identical, and only step 2.2 electric current is 2C, and the step 2.3 the inside charge and discharge time is
1min 15s, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, when battery 2C charge and discharge, R >=1.4RSOC=0.5Stop charging, as R >=1.3RSOC=0.5
Stop electric discharge.
In conclusion the present invention uses DC internal resistance to replace voltage as novel charge and discharge by condition, the present invention is by obtaining
The relationship of DC internal resistance R and battery charge state SOC are obtained, the available opposite more acurrate suitable battery of voltage uses section,
Such method is enrolled in BMS battery management system with subroutine module, is applied in battery pack, and this mode is also diagnosis
Battery redundancy and battery voltage consistency analysis provide foundation.The present invention is applied widely, and design is simple, effectively extension battery
Service life can also be played significant role in the utilization of the echelon after battery is retired, can also be played for echelon using battery good
Preparation and directive function.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art without
It needs creative work according to the present invention can conceive and makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technologies in the art
Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Technical solution, all should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition, which is characterized in that comprising the following specific steps
A. it measures the actual capacity of battery and carries out capacity calibration；
B. discharge treatment is carried out to battery, i.e., reset the SOC of battery；
C. it is charged the battery by certain SOC step-length, the voltage recorded at this time is U1；
D. the pulse current charge that a cycle is carried out to battery, the voltage recorded at this time is U2；
E. step c and d are repeated, until the SOC=1 of battery；
F. multiple DC internal resistance R of battery are obtained according to multiple groups U1 and U2；
G. R-SOC curve graph is drawn；
H. new charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition is obtained by R-SOC curve.
2. the determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step h, by
R-SOC curve obtains COEFFICIENT K 1 and K2, R >=K1RSOC=0.5For charge cutoff, R >=K2RSOC=0.5End for electric discharge, wherein
RSOC=0.5The DC internal resistance of battery when for SOC=0.5.
3. the determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step a, lead to
Charge and discharge cycles under setting multiplying power electric current are crossed, calibration obtains the actual capacity of charge or discharge under the electric current.
4. the determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step c, press
The concrete mode that certain SOC step-length charges the battery is in a certain time interval, to carry out constant current I to battery and fill
Electricity.
5. the determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the direct current
The calculation formula of internal resistance R is R=(U1-U2)/I.
6. the determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step g, institute
The R-SOC curve graph stated further includes on each SOC node, and node SOC and DC internal resistance R are relative to RSOC=0.5Difference hundred
Point than curve, wherein RSOC=0.5The DC internal resistance of battery when for SOC=0.5.
7. a kind of determination system of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition characterized by comprising
Demarcating module, for measuring the actual capacity of battery and carrying out capacity calibration；
Preparation module resets the SOC of battery for carrying out discharge treatment to battery；
Measurement module, for charging the battery by certain SOC step-length, the voltage recorded at this time is U1, is walked in two SOC
The pulse current charge for carrying out a cycle in long interval to battery, the voltage recorded at this time is U2, repeats to record U1 and U2
Until the SOC=1 of battery, obtains multiple groups U1 and U2；
Processing module, for obtaining multiple DC internal resistance R of battery according to multiple groups U1 and U2；
Output module obtains new charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition for drawing R-SOC curve graph, and by R-SOC curve.
8. the determination system of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the output
In module, COEFFICIENT K 1 and K2, R >=K1R are obtained by R-SOC curveSOC=0.5For charge cutoff, R >=K2RSOC=0.5End for electric discharge,
Wherein RSOC=0.5The DC internal resistance of battery when for SOC=0.5.
9. the determination method of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the measurement
It is in a certain time interval, to be carried out to battery permanent by the concrete mode that certain SOC step-length charges the battery in module
Electric current I charging.
10. the determination system of charging and discharging lithium battery cut-off condition according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the place
It manages in module, the calculation formula of DC internal resistance R is R=(U1-U2)/I.
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Application publication date: 20190101 |