CN113999710A - Preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant - Google Patents
Preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant Download PDFInfo
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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Abstract
A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nanofluid lubricant belongs to the technical field of lubrication, dopamine derivatives are used as carbon and nitrogen sources, inorganic carbide and deionized water are added, and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots are obtained through solvothermal synthesis; and then dispersing the prepared nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots into deionized water, and gradually adding the hexagonal boron nitride nano particles, the friction modifier combination A, the betaine type surfactant combination B, the ionic dispersant combination C and the defoaming agent in sequence to obtain the required nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant. The preparation process is simple and good in reproducibility, the cost is low in efficiency and high in stability, the obtained nano fluid lubricant has good dispersion stability, and when the nano fluid lubricant is used for the process lubrication of the plate-strip steel hot rolling, the friction force and the rolling force in the process can be effectively reduced, the surface quality of the plate-strip steel after rolling is improved, and the energy conservation, emission reduction and environment-friendly production in the plate-strip steel rolling process are promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention designs a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot and application of the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot as an additive in a hexagonal boron nitride nanofluid hot rolling lubricant, belongs to the technical field of lubrication, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nanofluid lubricant.
Background
With the increasing requirements of the hot rolling process of the plate and strip steel on reducing the material and energy consumption, improving the surface quality of products and the like, the indispensable technology of process lubrication faces a serious challenge. The traditional hot rolling lubricating oil can cause serious environmental pollution, and the waste liquid treatment cost is high, so that the environmental protection requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are difficult to meet. In recent years, with the development and progress of nanotechnology, the nanofluid with excellent wear-resistant and antifriction properties, cooling performance and environmental protection characteristics is used as a lubricant, becomes a hot point for research and application in the field of process lubrication, and has extremely wide development prospect.
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a two-dimensional layered structure nano material with a high specific surface area, has low interlamellar shear strength and is easy to slide relatively, so that the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has excellent lubricating performance and is often used as a solid lubricant or a lubricating additive in the field of material processing. The lamellar hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles, although having a small interplanar spacing, generally have a high single lamellar size and surface energy and tend to agglomerate and deposit in the lubricating fluid, resulting in poor lubricating properties. Therefore, the dispersion stability of the hexagonal boron nitride nanofluid is a key problem to be solved urgently. The carbon quantum dots are quasi-zero-dimensional carbon nano-materials with the particle size of 1-10 nm, and have excellent chemical stability, low biotoxicity, good environmental friendliness and lubricating performance. Meanwhile, other atoms such as nitrogen, chlorine and sulfur atoms are grafted on the surface of the carbon quantum dot, so that the chemical activity can be further improved on the basis of ensuring the lubricating property of the carbon quantum dot, a lubricating protective film is formed on the surface of metal in a deposition manner in the rolling lubricating process, and the surface quality of the plate-strip steel is even further improved through the self-repairing effect. Therefore, nitrogen atom doped carbon quantum dots are introduced into the hexagonal boron nitride nanofluid, so that on one hand, the agglomeration of hexagonal boron nitride lamella can be inhibited through the separation effect of the hexagonal boron nitride nanofluid, and the stability of the nanofluid is improved; on the other hand, the lubricating performance of the nano fluid in the hot rolling process of the plate and strip steel can be further enhanced by means of the 'synergistic lubricating effect' of the lamellar and spherical nano particles, and finally the traditional hot rolling lubricating oil is replaced to a certain extent, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction in the hot rolling production process of the plate and strip steel are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings and needs of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots. The nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot is prepared by adopting a micromolecular dopamine derivative as a carbon and nitrogen source through a solvothermal method. The preparation method is simple and efficient, and the obtained nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots have excellent uniformity, stability and lubricating property.
The other purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the hBN nanofluid lubricant reinforced by the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, and the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots are as the first purpose. The hexagonal boron nitride nano particles and the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots are dispersed into the water-based fluid by adopting a physical dispersion method and a chemical dispersion method to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant, so that the dispersion stability and the tribological performance of a single hBN nano fluid are improved.
Based on the above purposes, the invention provides a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out neutralization reaction on the mixed system containing the dopamine derivatives, sodium hydroxide and deionized water at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-1.5 h to obtain a dopamine aqueous solution. Wherein the molar ratio of the dopamine derivative to the sodium hydroxide is 1 (3-4);
(2) adding a sufficient amount of inorganic carbonization agent into the dopamine aqueous solution obtained in the step (1), placing the mixed system in a polytetrafluoroethylene high-temperature reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction for 8-12 h at 190-260 ℃. Wherein the molar ratio of the inorganic acid carbonizing agent to the dopamine derivative is (3-6) to 1;
(3) and (3) washing the product obtained in the step (2) by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and then carrying out dialysis purification and freeze drying treatment to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot. Wherein the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 1000-3500, and the dialysis time is 20-36 h;
(4) dispersing the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots prepared in the step (3) into deionized water, gradually and sequentially adding hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles, a friction modifier combination A, an ionic dispersant combination B, a betaine surfactant combination C and a trace defoaming agent, magnetically stirring for 20-35min at 60 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min in a cell crusher to obtain the nano hot rolling lubricant with excellent stability and lubricating property. Wherein the mass ratio of the hexagonal boron nitride to the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots is 1 (0.2-1), and the mass ratio of the two nano particles, the friction modifier combination A, the betaine type surfactant combination B and the ionic type dispersant combination C is 1 (1-4) to (0.3-0.8) to (0.3-0.6).
Further, the dopamine derivative in step (1) is one or more of dopamine hydrochloride, peripheral dopamine and 1- (3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) -2-aminoethanol, and further preferably a combination of any 1 or 2 of dopamine hydrochloride and peripheral dopamine.
Further, the inorganic carbonizing agent in the step (2) is 1 or more of concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and further preferably concentrated nitric acid.
Further, the particle size of the hexagonal boron nitride in the step (4) is 80-120 nm.
Further, the friction modifier combination A in the step (4) is 1 or more of 1, 2-propylene glycol, glycerol and triethanolamine, and is further preferably a combination of glycerol and triethanolamine in a mass ratio of (2-4) to (1-2.8).
Further, the betaine type surfactant composition B in the step (4) is 1 or more of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfopropyl betaine and cocamidopropyl betaine, and is preferably a combination of dodecyl dimethyl betaine and cocamidopropyl betaine in a mass ratio of (1-3) to (1-2).
Further, the ionic dispersant combination C in the step (4) is 1 or 2 of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate, and is more preferably sodium hexametaphosphate.
Further, in the step (4), the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is 700-.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages and key points:
1. the preparation process is simple, the reproducibility is good, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, the obtained nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant has good dispersion stability, can be stored for a long time without agglomeration and deterioration of nano particles, and can be used for lubricating the process of hot rolling of the plate strip steel, so that the friction force and the rolling force in the process can be effectively reduced, and the surface quality of the plate strip steel after rolling is improved. Toxic and irritant gases are not generated in the hot rolling process, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction and the environment-friendly production of the plate and strip steel in the rolling process are promoted, and the application of nano particles, particularly novel carbon quantum dots, in the field of process lubrication is expanded.
2. The addition amounts of the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and the hexagonal boron nitride are not too high, otherwise, the dispersion stability of the nanofluid is difficult to ensure; the dosage of the ionic dispersant and the dosage of the betaine surfactant need to be strictly controlled, the good nano particle dispersing effect cannot be realized when the addition amount is too low, and the lubricating performance of the nano fluid is influenced by flocculation when the addition amount is too high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a transmission electron microscope (a) and a high resolution transmission electron microscope (b) of the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis result of the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments. The specific examples described in the following embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention and are intended to further illustrate the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The main components and mass fractions of example 1 are as follows:
adding 3.0g of dopamine hydrochloride and peripheral dopamine into 100g of deionized water according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding 1.4g of sodium hydroxide, fully stirring and reacting at 60 ℃ for 1.5h, then adding 4.3g of concentrated nitric acid into the solution, fully mixing, transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out a solvothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for multiple times, then carrying out purification treatment for 28h by using a dialysis bag with molecular cut-off of 3000, and freeze-drying the obtained solid matter to obtain nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots; then, according to the formula of each component shown in the table, 94.0g of deionized water is heated to 60 ℃, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, hexagonal boron nitride, glycerol, triethanolamine, dodecyl dimethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium hexametaphosphate and an antifoaming agent are sequentially added at the rotating speed of 800rpm, the rotating speed is kept for continuously stirring for 20min, and finally, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 35kHz and 400W for 12min to obtain a grey brown suspension liquid, namely the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant.
The nano fluid rolling lubricant has good dispersion stability, has trace precipitation after standing for 7 days, and has basically unchanged precipitation amount along with the prolonging of time. The precipitate disappears after slight shaking, and the use of the lubricant is not influenced.
Example 2
The main components and mass fractions of example 2 are as follows:
serial number | Component name | Mass fraction/wt. -%) |
1 | Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots | 0.4 |
2 | Hexagonal boron nitride | 1 |
3 | Triethanolamine | 2.1 |
Glycerol | 3.5 | |
4 | Sodium hexametaphosphate | 0.8 |
5 | Cocoamidopropyl betaine | 1 |
6 | Defoaming agent | 0.1 |
7 | Deionized water | 90.1 |
Adding 2.0g of dopamine hydrochloride into 100g of deionized water, then adding 1.1g of sodium hydroxide, fully stirring and reacting for 1.5h at 60 ℃, then adding 3.5g of concentrated nitric acid into the solution, fully mixing and transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out solvothermal reaction for 10h at 220 ℃, washing the product for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, then carrying out purification treatment for 30h by using a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 2000, and freeze-drying the obtained solid matter to obtain nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots; subsequently, according to the formula of each component shown in the table, 90.1g of deionized water is heated to 75 ℃, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, hexagonal boron nitride, glycerol, triethanolamine, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium hexametaphosphate and an antifoaming agent are sequentially added at the rotating speed of 900rpm, the rotating speed is kept for continuously stirring for 25min, and finally, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 40kHz and 450W for 10min to obtain light gray suspension liquid, namely the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant.
The nano fluid rolling lubricant has good dispersion stability, and has trace precipitation after standing for 5 days and a small amount of precipitation after standing for 7 days. The precipitate disappears after slight shaking, and the use of the lubricant is not influenced.
Example 3
The main components and mass fractions of example 3 are as follows:
serial number | Component name | Mass fraction/wt. -%) |
1 | Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots | 0.4 |
2 | Hexagonal boron nitride | 1.2 |
3 | Triethanolamine | 2 |
Glycerol | 4 | |
4 | Sodium hexametaphosphate | 0.5 |
5 | Dodecyl dimethyl betaine | 0.6 |
6 | Cocoamidopropyl betaine | 0.6 |
7 | Defoaming agent | 0.1 |
8 | Deionized water | 90.6 |
Adding 4.0g of peripheral dopamine into 100g of deionized water, then adding 2.0g of sodium hydroxide, fully stirring and reacting for 1.5h at 60 ℃, then adding 4.5g of concentrated nitric acid into the solution, fully mixing and transferring to a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out solvothermal reaction for 12h at 210 ℃, washing the product for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, then carrying out purification treatment for 25h by using a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 2500, and freeze-drying the obtained solid matter to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots; subsequently, according to the formula of each component shown in the table, 90.6g of deionized water is heated to 70 ℃, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, hexagonal boron nitride, glycerol, triethanolamine, dodecyl dimethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium hexametaphosphate and an antifoaming agent are sequentially added at the rotation speed of 950rpm, the rotation speed is kept for continuous stirring for 24min, and finally, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 35kHz and 400W for 15min to obtain light gray suspension liquid, namely the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nanofluid lubricant.
The nano fluid rolling lubricant has good dispersion stability, a small amount of precipitate is generated after standing for 5 days, and obvious precipitate is generated after standing for 7 days. The precipitate disappears after slight shaking, and the use of the lubricant is not influenced.
The performance indexes of the products obtained in the above examples are as follows:
the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the implementation manner of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nano fluid lubricant is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out neutralization reaction on the mixed system containing the dopamine derivatives, sodium hydroxide and deionized water at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-1.5 h to obtain a dopamine aqueous solution. Wherein the molar ratio of the dopamine derivative to the sodium hydroxide is 1 (3-4);
(2) adding a sufficient amount of inorganic carbonization agent into the dopamine aqueous solution obtained in the step (1), placing the mixed system in a polytetrafluoroethylene high-temperature reaction kettle, and carrying out solvothermal reaction at 190-260 ℃ for 8-12 h; wherein the molar ratio of the inorganic acid carbonizing agent to the dopamine derivative is (3-6) to 1;
(3) washing the product obtained in the step (2) by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and then carrying out dialysis purification and freeze drying treatment to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots; wherein the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 1000-3500, and the dialysis time is 20-36 h;
(4) dispersing the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots prepared in the step (3) into deionized water, gradually and sequentially adding hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles, a friction modifier combination A, an ionic dispersant combination B, a betaine surfactant combination C and a trace defoaming agent, magnetically stirring for 20-35min at 60 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min in a cell crusher to obtain a nano hot rolling lubricant with excellent stability and lubricating performance; wherein the mass ratio of the hexagonal boron nitride to the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots is 1 (0.2-1), and the mass ratio of the sum of the hexagonal boron nitride and the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, the friction modifier combination A, the betaine type surfactant combination B and the ionic dispersant combination C is 1 (1-4) (0.3-0.8) to 0.3-0.6).
2. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot enhanced hBN nanofluid lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the dopamine derivative in the step (1) is one or more selected from dopamine hydrochloride, peripheral dopamine and 1- (3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) -2-aminoethanol, and more preferably is any 1 or 2 selected from dopamine hydrochloride and peripheral dopamine.
3. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nanofluid lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic carbonizing agent in the step (2) is 1 or more of concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and further preferably concentrated nitric acid.
4. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nanofluid lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the hexagonal boron nitride in the step (4) is 80-120 nm.
5. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot reinforced hBN nanofluid lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the friction modifier A in the step (4) is 1 or more of 1, 2-propylene glycol, glycerol and triethanolamine, and is preferably the combination of glycerol and triethanolamine, and the mass ratio of glycerol to triethanolamine is (2-4): 1-2.8.
6. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-enhanced hBN nanofluid lubricant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the betaine type surfactant composition B in the step (4) is 1 or more of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfopropyl betaine and cocamidopropyl betaine, and is further preferably a combination of dodecyl dimethyl betaine and cocamidopropyl betaine, and the mass ratio is (1-3): 1-2.
7. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot enhanced hBN nanofluid lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the ionic dispersant composition C in the step (4) is 1 or 2 of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate, and is preferably sodium hexametaphosphate.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is 700-.
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WO2018140932A1 (en) * | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-02 | Ohio University | Electrochemical uv sensor using carbon quantum dots |
CN107739643A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-02-27 | 黑龙江省华升石墨股份有限公司 | A kind of lubricating oil of carbon nanomaterial being modified containing surface and preparation method thereof |
CN109468162A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-15 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Water-based rolling liquid containing hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles and preparation method thereof |
CN111117746A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-08 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation of nano MoS by dopamine polymerization2-Al2O3Method for compounding rolling lubricant |
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