CN113998773A - 空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置及方法 - Google Patents
空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置及方法,控温水循环层包裹于反应室外部,控温水循环层设有进水孔和出水孔,通过水泵从进水孔进水和出水孔出水,进行控温水循环;反应室为阳极室,阳极室内含有石墨毡阳极片,阳极室外设有石墨毡阴极片;阳极室顶部设有进样口,侧壁设有取样口,底部设有出样口;所述的外电路为,石墨毡阳极片通过钛丝连接可变电阻箱和石墨毡阴极片。本发明自身控温操作简便,装置简单易制作,阴极石墨毡通过石墨烯进行修饰有力地降低了电池阴极的电阻,铂碳粉末的涂刷有效提高了空气中氧气的催化作用,养殖废水中含有高浓度有机物为微生物供能,驯化速度更快化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理领域,尤其涉及一种空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置及方法。
背景技术
畜禽养殖污水中含有大量有机物,经适当处理后可进行资源化利用,沼气工程是目前应用最常用的能源利用技术,生产沼气直接利用、或进一步利用沼气进行发电,但在处理过程中无氮磷去除作用、沼液二次污染问题突出,且实际应用中环境温度影响大。微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)通过电活性微生物介导的生物电化学修复同步实现污水处理和生物发电,微生物燃料电池基于外生电微生物的生物催化潜能,降解有机物并产生生物电。与其他的生物及设备相比较,MFC设备组成简单,仅由阴阳极组成,且可以按比例放大或缩小。但是,现有微生物燃料电池尚存在以下问题:第一,当前微生物燃料电池的输出功率较低。第二,微生物燃料电池普遍产能较低。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有缺陷,提供一种自身控温操作简便,装置简单易制作,便于小试研究的空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置及方法,有效利用养殖污水进行产电和降解,实现养殖污水的资源化利用,减少环境污染的同时产生能源。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置,包括控温水循环层、反应室和外电路;
所述的控温水循环层包裹于反应室外部,控温水循环层设有进水孔和出水孔,通过水泵从进水孔进水和出水孔出水,进行控温水循环。反应室为阳极室,阳极室内含有石墨毡阳极片,阳极室外设有石墨毡阴极片;阳极室顶部设有进样口,侧壁设有取样口,底部设有出样口,水样通过上部进样口进入阳极室,取样通过取样口进行取样,污水通过下部出样口从阳极室出水。
所述的外电路为,石墨毡阳极片通过钛丝连接可变电阻箱和石墨毡阴极片。
进一步地,控温水循环层为有机玻璃层,包裹于反应室外部,通过加温水泵进行控温水循环。
所述阳极室内部含有石墨毡阳极片,制备方法为:剪取6cm×15cm石墨毡,在去离子水中浸泡2h,使其充得到分润湿;取出后,1mol/L HCl中浸泡24h,以除去其表面的微量金属杂质,之后用去离子水冲洗三次,以除去表面残留的HCl;再在1mol/L NaOH中浸泡24h,以去除表面的生物污染;然后在去离子水中煮沸30min,最后将石墨毡保存在去离子水中备用。
所述阳极室侧面是石墨毡阴极片,石墨毡阴极片经过涂刷石墨烯、催化剂等通过法兰固定于侧表面:
涂抹碳基层:使用电子天平每1平方厘米阴极表面积称量1.56毫克石墨烯粉末;对于上述步骤中使用的每1mg石墨烯,使用微量移液器测量12μL质量浓度40%PTFE溶液;将石墨烯粉末放入塑料样品瓶中,加入6~8个玻璃珠和PTFE溶液,盖上瓶盖,涡旋20秒;用小漆刷将所有石墨烯悬浮液涂在石墨毡的一面;干燥后将石墨毡置于预热的炉中高温陶瓷板上在380℃下保持约20~30分钟;取下陶瓷板和石墨毡,使其在高温瓷砖上冷却至室温;
添加扩散层:充分摇动质量浓度60%PTFE溶液,使用小涂料刷将一层质量浓度60%PTFE溶液涂在石墨毡的预先涂覆的一面上;用刷子抹平气泡,去除块状PTFE;让PTFE涂层风干至少5~10分钟;干的时候涂层应转白色;将石墨毡置于高温陶瓷板上,在预热的炉中,在380℃下保持约10~15分钟;取下陶瓷板和石墨毡,使其在高温瓷砖上冷却至室温,此时PTFE涂层应该乌黑发亮;
将步骤重复三次以上,添加和加热总不少于3层PTFE涂层;
添加催化剂层:用电子天平称量铂碳粉末,每平方厘米阴极表面需要0.5毫克Pt;将所需的Pt/C粉放入塑料样品瓶,添加约0.83μL超纯水每1毫克的Pt/C,以一滴一滴的方式加入瓶,加6~8玻璃珠,盖瓶,然后漩涡;用微量移液管按照每毫克的Pt/C,添加6.67μLNafion溶液和3.33μL异丙醇进入样品瓶,漩涡持续20秒;将催化剂糊状混合物涂在扩散层涂料对面,尽可能保证混合物均匀;最后空气干燥至少24小时。
进一步地,石墨毡阴极片和石墨毡阳极片的间距6cm。
进一步地,阳极室的有效容积为5L。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明自身控温操作简便,装置简单易制作,可便于小试研究,阴极石墨毡通过石墨烯进行修饰有力地降低了电池阴极的电阻,铂碳粉末的涂刷有效提高了空气中氧气的催化作用,养殖废水中含有高浓度有机物为微生物供能,驯化速度更快,产电效果明显且提高了养殖污水的能源化利用,减少对环境的污染的同时进行资源化。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构示意图。
具体实施方法
以下结合附图对本发明进行进一步说明。
如图1所示,空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置,主要包括控温水循环层1、反应室14和外电路13。控温水循环层1包裹于反应室14外部,控温水循环层1设有进水孔3和出水孔4,通过水泵2从进水孔3进水和出水孔4出水,进行控温水循环。反应室14为阳极室5,阳极室5内含有石墨毡阳极片6,阳极室5外设有石墨毡阴极片7;阳极室5顶部设有进样口8,侧壁设有取样口9,底部设有出样口10,水样通过上部进样口8进入阳极室5,取样通过取样口9进行取样,污水通过下部出样口10从阳极室5出水。
外电路13为,石墨毡阳极片6通过钛丝11连接100kΩ的可变电阻箱12和石墨毡阴极片7。
本发明的空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池工作原理在于:
附着在石墨毡阳极片6的微生物分解养殖污水中的有机物产生质子与电子,质子直接在阳极反应液中进行转移到达石墨毡阴极片7,电子通过外电路钛丝11经过可变电阻箱12到达石墨毡阴极片7,最终氧气在石墨毡阴极片7上被还原,与质子结合生成水。阳极反应液中的养殖废水含有高浓度的有机物和多种类的微生物,使得产电微生物能够迅速的在石墨毡阳极片6上附着并累积,加快了驯化的速度;石墨毡阴极片7中的石墨毡经过石墨烯修饰能有效降低电池电阻,催化剂铂碳粉末可加快电子的反应速率,从而加强空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池的产电性能。
现有的微生物燃料电池的驯化启动时间较长约在几周到几月不等,这主要是因为接种的微生物适应底物的时间较长、底物中含有的微生物种类较少以及底物中的有机物含量低等原因造成的。试验中,通过控温加速电池的驯化过程,使得以养殖污水为底物的电池能够在一天内达到500mV以上。
通过本发明的空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置处理养殖污水20天后,污水COD从最初的10350mg/L降解到3990mg/L,去除率达到61%,污水总磷从最初的382mg/L降解到142mg/L,去除率达到63%,污水总氮从最初的1130mg/L降解到420mg/L,去除率达到63%,污水氨氮从最初的350mg/L降解到156mg/L,去除率达到55%。
Claims (4)
1.空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置,其特征在于,包括控温水循环层(1)、反应室(14)和外电路(13);
所述的控温水循环层(1)包裹于反应室(14)外部,控温水循环层(1)设有进水孔(3)和出水孔(4),通过水泵(2)从进水孔(3)进水和出水孔(4)出水,进行控温水循环;反应室(14)为阳极室(5),阳极室(5)内含有石墨毡阳极片(6),阳极室(5)外设有石墨毡阴极片(7);阳极室(5)顶部设有进样口(8),侧壁设有取样口(9),底部设有出样口(10);
所述的外电路(13)为,石墨毡阳极片(6)通过钛丝(11)连接可变电阻箱(12)和石墨毡阴极片(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置,其特征在于,所述的石墨毡阳极片(6)的制备方法为:剪取6cm×15cm石墨毡,在去离子水中浸泡2h,使其充得到分润湿;取出后,1mol/LHCl中浸泡24h,以除去其表面的微量金属杂质,之后用去离子水冲洗三次,以除去表面残留的HCl;再在1mol/LNaOH中浸泡24h,以去除表面的生物污染;然后在去离子水中煮沸30min,最后将石墨毡保存在去离子水中备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置,其特征在于,石墨毡阴极片(7)的制备方法为:
(1)涂抹碳基层:使用电子天平每1平方厘米阴极表面积称量1.56毫克石墨烯粉末;对于上述步骤中使用的每1mg石墨烯,使用微量移液器测量12μL质量浓度40%PTFE溶液;将石墨烯粉末放入塑料样品瓶中,加入6~8个玻璃珠和PTFE溶液,盖上瓶盖,涡旋20秒;用小漆刷将所有石墨烯悬浮液涂在石墨毡的一面;干燥后将石墨毡置于预热的炉中高温陶瓷板上在380℃下保持约20~30分钟;取下陶瓷板和石墨毡,使其在高温瓷砖上冷却至室温;
(2)添加扩散层:充分摇动质量浓度60%PTFE溶液,使用小涂料刷将一层质量浓度60%PTFE溶液涂在石墨毡的预先涂覆的一面上;用刷子抹平气泡,去除块状PTFE;让PTFE涂层风干至少5~10分钟;干的时候涂层应转白色;将石墨毡置于高温陶瓷板上,在预热的炉中,在380℃下保持约10~15分钟;取下陶瓷板和石墨毡,使其在高温瓷砖上冷却至室温,此时PTFE涂层应该乌黑发亮;
将步骤(2)重复三次以上,添加和加热总不少于3层PTFE涂层;
(3)添加催化剂层:用电子天平称量铂碳粉末,每平方厘米阴极表面需要0.5毫克Pt;将所需的Pt/C粉放入塑料样品瓶,添加约0.83μL超纯水每1毫克的Pt/C,以一滴一滴的方式加入瓶,加6~8玻璃珠,盖瓶,然后漩涡;用微量移液管按照每毫克的Pt/C,添加6.67μLNafion溶液和3.33μL异丙醇进入样品瓶,漩涡持续20秒;将催化剂糊状混合物涂在扩散层涂料对面,尽可能保证混合物均匀;最后空气干燥至少24小时。
4.空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的方法,其特征在于,采用权利要求1到3任一项所述的空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池处理养殖污水的装置,包括依次过程:
附着在石墨毡阳极片(6)的微生物分解养殖污水中的有机物产生质子与电子,质子直接在阳极反应液中进行转移到达石墨毡阴极片(7),电子通过外电路(13)的钛丝(11)到达石墨毡阴极片(7),最终氧气在石墨毡阴极片(7)上被还原,与质子结合生成水;阳极反应液中的养殖废水含有高浓度的有机物和多种类的微生物,使得产电微生物能够迅速的在石墨毡阳极片(6)上附着并累积,加快了驯化的速度和产电反应的进程。
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