CN113996689A - Method for controlling spinning temperature field of phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom - Google Patents
Method for controlling spinning temperature field of phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom Download PDFInfo
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- CN113996689A CN113996689A CN202111194022.2A CN202111194022A CN113996689A CN 113996689 A CN113996689 A CN 113996689A CN 202111194022 A CN202111194022 A CN 202111194022A CN 113996689 A CN113996689 A CN 113996689A
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATRMIFNAYHCLJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].CCC Chemical compound [O].CCC ATRMIFNAYHCLJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy whole box bottom spinning temperature field, which is designed aiming at the temperature control difficulty in the forming process of a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy whole box bottom spinning part, adopts a scheme of split modular design and manufacturing and then assembly connection, namely adopts the structural design of a support ring, a ventilation ring, a telescopic rod, a flame nozzle and an air inlet nozzle, so that a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy plate blank can obtain a good compensation heating effect in the full spinning process, the temperature requirement of a deformation region in the full spinning process is met, the spinning defect caused by insufficient deformation temperature is eliminated, the potential safety hazard caused by manual heating is avoided, and the unilateral gap between the inner molded surface of the whole box bottom spinning part and a theoretical sample plate is less than or equal to 3 mm. The method has the advantages of simple and efficient operation process, suitability for batch treatment, and strong operability and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spinning temperature field control method for an aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom, in particular to a spinning temperature field control method for an aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom with phi of 3350mm2195, and belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of storage box shells. The spinning temperature field control means that the temperature of a full-spinning deformation zone of the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy whole box bottom is ensured to be within the range of 280-350 ℃.
Background
The new generation of large-scale space carrier system is an important basis for maintaining the status of the aerospace strong country and keeping the space advantage; it is a necessary tool for exploring remote space and expanding human living space. The aerospace technology represented by a new generation of large-scale aerospace carrying technology plays an important role in improving the international status, showing comprehensive national strength and the like, lays a foundation for subsequent space development and utilization, and is a key support for maintaining the dominant core capacity of the space. The light weight and high reliability are key technical/tactical indexes of a new generation of large-scale space delivery system.
The propellant storage tank is taken as a key subsystem of a new generation of large-scale space delivery system, and the weight reduction and the reliability of the propellant storage tank directly influence the delivery efficiency and the service life of the whole delivery system. 2195 Al-Li alloy is the lightest material for storage tank in international engineering application, and spinning technology is the mainstream forming process for bottom structure of large and ultra-large storage tank, and can raise the reliability of structural part greatly. In order to meet the technical/tactical indexes of the model, the manufacturing technology of the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy integral spinning box bottom with the diameter phi of 3350mm provides requirements.
Aiming at the integral spinning box bottom of a large and ultra-large 2195 aluminum lithium alloy storage box with the diameter of more than or equal to phi 3350mm, a spinning temperature field is the most key control factor for realizing the forming of the aluminum lithium alloy storage box. The size and magnitude of the component are large, if the conventional manual handheld heating mode is adopted for multi-point compensation heating, the field area limits the number of heating personnel, the compensation heating effect is poor, the requirement of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning deformation temperature area cannot be met, various spinning defects are easily caused, and the forming quality of a spinning part at the bottom of the whole box is influenced; meanwhile, the safety risk of personnel is very easy to occur in the spinning deformation process, and the operability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the spinning temperature field control method for the 2195 Al-lithium alloy integral box bottom with the diameter of phi of 3350mm is provided, the requirement of a spinning deformation temperature zone of the 2195 Al-lithium alloy integral box bottom is met, a good multi-point compensation heating effect is realized, the defect of a component caused by insufficient forming temperature is avoided, the personal safety of field operators is ensured, and the forming quality of a large-scale or ultra-large-scale 2195 Al-lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning part is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for controlling a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning temperature field comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box; the tool comprises a support ring, a ventilation ring, a telescopic rod, a flame nozzle and an air inlet nozzle;
the telescopic rod is used for assembling and connecting the support ring with the spinning equipment; the number of the flame nozzles is 10-16, through holes which are consistent with the number of the flame nozzles and are matched with the size are formed in the support ring, an annular hollow interlayer is arranged in the ventilation ring, threaded holes which are consistent with the number of the flame nozzles and are matched with the size are formed in the ventilation ring, each flame nozzle sequentially penetrates through the through holes in the support ring and the threaded holes in the ventilation ring, so that the flame nozzles are assembled and connected with the support ring and the ventilation ring, and the end surface of the lower end of each flame nozzle is in contact with the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the ventilation ring; the ventilation ring is also provided with threaded holes which are consistent with the number of the air inlet nozzles and are matched with the size of the air inlet nozzles; the number of the air inlet nozzles is at least 2, one end of each air inlet nozzle is connected with the ventilation ring, and the other end of each air inlet nozzle is used for connecting a mixed gas source used for combustion of the flame nozzle; the connecting end surface of the air inlet nozzle and the ventilation ring is just contacted with the position of the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the ventilation ring;
(2) preparing 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blanks;
(3) respectively connecting and fixing the telescopic rod of the tool manufactured in the step (1) with a left ejection oil cylinder and a right ejection oil cylinder of spinning equipment; the air inlet nozzle is respectively assembled and connected with a cylinder nozzle interface of a gas cylinder to be mixed, and the plate blank is fixedly arranged on a spinning core mold;
(4) spinning forming is started, the spinning core mold keeps rotating in the forming process, and the telescopic rod moves along the axial direction;
(5) and (4) demolding and detecting after the spinning forming is completed.
Preferably, assuming that the maximum outer diameter of the spinning core mold is A, the inner diameter of the support ring is (A + P) and the value of P is 140-180 mm, the outer diameter of the support ring is (A + Q) and the value of Q is 300-350 mm, and the height of the support ring is 50-80 mm; the through holes on the circumference of the support ring are symmetrically distributed, the diameters of the through holes are phi 25-30 mm, the axes of the through holes all pass through the midpoint position of the support ring in the height direction, and the support ring is made of a material with the tensile strength not lower than 1000 MPa.
Preferably, the support ring is provided with threaded holes for connecting the telescopic rod, the number of the threaded holes is 2, the diameter of the threaded holes is matched with the diameter of the telescopic rod, the distance between the axes of the two threaded holes is A + (P + Q)/2, and the distance between the axis of the threaded hole and the axis of the support ring is half of the distance between the axes of the threaded holes.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the ventilation ring is (A + M), the value of M is 360-400 mm, the outer diameter of the ventilation ring is (A + N), the value of N is 520-560 mm, and the height of the ventilation ring is consistent with that of the support ring; an annular hollow interlayer is arranged in the ventilation ring along the circumferential direction, the distances between the annular hollow interlayer and the upper end face and the lower end face of the ventilation ring are 8-10 mm, the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer is A + (N + M)/2-2V, the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer is A + (N + M)/2+2V, and the value of V is 15-20 mm; threaded holes for mounting the air inlet nozzle are formed in the circumferential direction of the ventilation ring, the axis of each threaded hole is located at the midpoint of the height direction of the ventilation ring, and the included angle between the axes of every two adjacent threaded holes is 45-60 degrees; the vent ring is made of a material with tensile strength not lower than 1000 MPa.
Preferably, the threaded hole which is assembled and connected with the flame nozzle on the vent ring starts from the inner diameter of the vent ring and ends at the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer; the threaded hole which is assembled and connected with the air inlet nozzle on the ventilation ring starts from the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer and ends at the outer diameter of the ventilation ring.
Preferably, the telescopic rod is a solid cylinder with threads, the diameter is phi 30-40 mm, the length is 1200-1500 mm, the length of the threads is 90-120 mm, and the tensile strength of the material of the telescopic rod is not lower than 1400 MPa.
Preferably, the flame nozzle is a hollow cylinder, and one end of the hollow cylinder is provided with threads; the length of the hollow cylinder meets the following requirements: namely, the end face exposed outside after being assembled and connected with the ventilation ring and the support ring is 45-55 mm away from the inner diameter position of the support ring, the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm, the thread length is 10-35 mm, and the flame nozzle is made of brass.
Preferably, the air inlet nozzle is a hollow cylinder with threads at two ends, and the threads at two ends are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the hollow cylinder; the length of the air inlet nozzle is 120-160 mm, and the length of the threads at two ends is 10-35 mm; the material of suction nozzle is brass.
Preferably, part of the air inlet nozzles are connected with a combustion air source propane; the other part of the air inlet nozzles are connected with combustion-supporting air source oxygen, and the number and the diameter of the air inlet nozzles for connecting the combustion air source and the combustion-supporting air source respectively meet the following requirements: the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm, and the ratio of the gas inflow of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas inflow of the combustion gas source in unit time is 3.5-4.0, namely, the proportion of oxygen and propane in the mixed gas in the annular hollow interlayer of the ventilation ring is 3.5-4.0.
Preferably, the assembly of the tool is completed according to the following mode:
1) respectively assembling, connecting and fixing the outer end threads of the 2 telescopic rods with the 2 threaded holes of the support ring, wherein the tightening torque is 1200-1800 N.m, and forming a combined body A;
2) sequentially penetrating each flame nozzle through the through hole in the support ring and the threaded hole in the vent ring to enable the flame nozzle and the vent ring to be assembled, connected and fixed, wherein the assembly clearance between the flame nozzle and the through hole in the support ring is 0.15-0.20 mm, the tightening torque of the corresponding threaded hole on the flame nozzle and the corresponding threaded hole on the vent ring is 320-400 N.m, and the end face of the lower end of the flame nozzle just contacts with the position of the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the vent ring to form a combination body B;
3) and assembling, connecting and fixing threads at one end of the air inlet nozzle with corresponding threaded holes in the ventilation ring respectively to form a combined body C, wherein the end face of the thread used for connecting the air inlet nozzle with the ventilation ring is just contacted with the position of the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the ventilation ring, and the tightening torque of the corresponding threaded holes in the air inlet nozzle and the ventilation ring and the air source is 320-400 N.m.
Preferably, at the beginning of spinning, the left and right ejection oil cylinders of the spinning equipment are contracted to the bottom, namely the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box is positioned at the diameter position of the large end of the spinning core mold.
Preferably, in the spinning process, the temperature field of the full-spinning deformation area is controlled to be 280-350 ℃, and the control process is as follows: an ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment pushes the whole tool to move towards the spinning-up direction and stop at the spinning-up position; the combustion gas source and the combustion-supporting gas source respectively enter the annular hollow interlayer of the ventilation ring through the air inlet nozzle to be mixed, the mixed gas enters the flame nozzle, and compensation heating is started after ignition;
and controlling an ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment to drive the whole heating tool to gradually contract in a cooperative manner, wherein a compensation heat source generated by the heating tool is always 20-30 mm away from the front of the spinning equipment in the moving direction of a spinning wheel.
Preferably, the temperature of the deformation area is monitored in real time in the spinning deformation process through the measured data and the corrected value of the infrared thermometer; before spinning deformation, a contact type temperature measuring instrument is adopted to ensure that the temperature of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy test block reaches a certain set temperature U, an infrared temperature measuring instrument is used for detecting the temperature of the test block as W, and the (U-W) is a corrected value, so that the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process is the superposition value of the display temperature T and the (U-W) of the infrared temperature measuring instrument.
Preferably, a deformation temperature zone threshold is set, and for 2195 aluminum lithium alloy, the upper limit value range of the threshold is 340-345 ℃, and the lower limit value range is 285-290 ℃; when the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the upper limit of a threshold value, adjusting the gas flow of the mixed gas to change the gas flow and the proportional gradient of the mixed gas, and specifically operating as follows:
adjusting output valves of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source respectively, and adjusting the ratio of the gas input quantity of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source within unit time to be 1.5-2.0 and the proportional change rate to be 0.5-0.8/s according to the numerical values of pressure meters at the output ends of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source; when the actual temperature of the deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the lower limit of the threshold value, the ratio of the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source to the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source in unit time is regressed to be 3.5-4.0, and the proportional change rate is also 0.5-0.8/s.
Preferably, the cooperative shrinkage control is realized according to the correlation between the feeding speed of the spinning wheel and the movement speed of the ejection cylinder of the spinning equipment in the spinning deformation process, and the correlation is as follows:
νχ·Cosβ-νs＝L
in the formula, vxThe feed speed of the spinning wheel; beta is the included angle between the axis of the spinning wheel and the axis of the spinning core mold; vsEjecting the moving speed of an oil cylinder for spinning equipment; and L is a synergistic coefficient and takes the value of 20-30 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) aiming at the temperature control difficulty in the forming process of a 2195 Al-Li alloy integral box bottom spinning part with the diameter of phi 3350mm, the invention designs the integral box bottom spinning temperature field control tool, adopts the scheme of split modular design and manufacture and then assembly connection, namely adopts the structural design of a support ring, a ventilation ring, a telescopic rod, a flame nozzle and an air inlet nozzle, so that the 2195 Al-Li alloy spinning plate blank can obtain good compensation heating effect in the full spinning process, the safety risk of manual heating is avoided, the temperature requirement of a deformation area in the full spinning process is met, and the forming quality of the large 2195 Al-Li alloy integral box bottom spinning part is improved.
(2) The structural design of the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box enables oxygen-propane gas to be smoothly mixed in the ventilation ring to the hollow interlayer (the ratio of the gas air input of the combustion gas source to the gas air input of the combustion gas source in unit time is 3.5-4.0, namely the ratio of oxygen to propane in the mixed gas in the ventilation ring to the hollow interlayer is ensured to be 3.5-4.0), and then the mixed gas is output to the flame nozzle for ignition and compensation heating, so that the temperature requirement of a full-rotation deformation area is met.
(3) The spinning temperature field control tool for the bottom of the whole box can realize accurate regulation and control of the temperature of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy plate blank deformation region, and comprises the following specific steps: setting deformation temperature zone thresholds (upper limit and lower limit); when the actual temperature of the deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the upper limit or the lower limit of the threshold value, adjusting the gas flow of the mixed gas to change the gas flow and the proportional gradient of the mixed gas, and ensuring that the temperature field of the full-spinning deformation area is controlled at 280-350 ℃.
(4) According to the integral box bottom spinning temperature field control tool, the spinning equipment ejection oil cylinder is used for cooperatively shrinking, so that a compensation heat source generated by the heating tool is always 20-30 mm away from the front of the spinning equipment spinning wheel moving direction, the accuracy of a compensation heating position is guaranteed, the accurate regulation and control of the temperature of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy plate blank deformation area are realized, and the potential safety hazard generated by manual operation is avoided.
(5) According to the method, a continuous annular heating belt is formed from the spinning starting position to the large port position of the spinning core die along the axis direction of the spinning core die, and a good and uniform compensation heating effect can be obtained in each circumferential plane through which a spinning wheel of the spinning device passes.
(6) According to the method, the temperature of the deformation area is monitored in real time in a full rotation process (the measured data of the infrared thermometer and the corrected value), and the accuracy of monitoring the temperature of the deformation area is guaranteed.
(7) The integral box bottom spinning temperature field control tool is simple and efficient in assembly process, suitable for batch processing, simple in process and high in operability and practicability.
(8) The invention relates to a method for controlling a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning temperature field, which is characterized in that aiming at the temperature control difficulty in the forming process of a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning part, a whole box bottom spinning temperature field control tool is designed, a scheme of split modular design and manufacturing and then assembly connection is adopted, namely, the structural design of 'support ring + ventilation ring + telescopic rod + flame nozzle + air inlet nozzle' is adopted, so that a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy plate blank can obtain a good compensation heating effect in the full spinning process, the safety risk of manual heating is avoided, the temperature requirement of a deformation region in the full spinning process is met, and the forming quality and the forming precision of the large 2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning part are improved. The method has the advantages of simple and efficient operation process, suitability for batch treatment, and strong operability and practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of an integral box;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spinning mandrel structure;
FIG. 3a is a schematic view showing the connection of the flame nozzle, the air inlet nozzle, the support ring and the ventilation ring
FIG. 3b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a venting ring;
FIG. 3c is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the venting ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the telescopic rod structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a flame nozzle configuration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the air inlet nozzle;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a spinning part at the bottom of the whole box;
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying fig. 1-7 and examples.
A method for controlling a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning temperature field comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box;
the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box is in a modular design and comprises a support ring 1, a ventilation ring 2, a telescopic rod 3, a flame nozzle 4 and an air inlet nozzle 5, as shown in figure 1.
The inner diameter of the support ring 1 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the spinning core mold 6, namely if the maximum outer diameter of the spinning core mold 6 is A, the inner diameter of the support ring 1 is (A + P) and the value of P is (140-180) mm; the outer diameter of the support ring 1 is (A + Q) and the Q value is (300-350) mm, and the height of the support ring 1 is 50-80 mm. 10-16 holes 7 are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction of the support ring 1. The distances from the axes of the 10-16 holes 7 to the upper end face and the lower end face of the support ring 1 are equal, namely, the axes of the 10-16 holes 7 are all located at the midpoint position of the support ring 1 in the height direction. The diameters of the 10-16 holes 7 are all phi 25-30 mm, and the holes penetrate through the radial direction of the support ring 1, namely, the 10-16 holes 7 are through holes. The first through holes 7 are defined as 10-16 through holes on the support ring 1, as shown in fig. 2 and 3 a. The material of the support ring 1 is a material with the tensile strength not lower than 1000 MPa.
The support ring 1 has 2 threaded holes 8 along diameter direction symmetric distribution, this threaded hole of definition is first threaded hole, the axis of 2 above-mentioned first threaded holes 8 is A + (P + Q)/2 apart from, the distance of 2 first threaded holes 8 axes and support ring 1 axis is half of threaded hole axis distance, the diameter of 2 first threaded holes 8 is phi 30 ~ 40mm, the angle is 60 °, the pitch is 3mm, 2 first threaded holes 8 all run through in the direction of height, 2 the degree of depth of first threaded holes 8 is 50 ~ 80mm promptly, as shown in fig. 3 a.
The inner diameter of the ventilation ring 2 is (A + M) and the value of M is (360-400) mm, the outer diameter of the ventilation ring 2 is (A + N) and the value of N is (520-560) mm, and the height of the ventilation ring 2 is consistent with the height of the support ring and is 50-80 mm. An annular hollow interlayer 9 is arranged in the ventilation ring 2 along the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 3b and 3c, the distances between the annular hollow interlayer 9 and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ventilation ring 2 are both 8-10 mm, the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 is A + (N + M)/2-2V, the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 is A + (N + M)/2+2V, and the value of V is (15-20) mm. 10 ~ 16 screw holes 10 are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction of the ventilation ring 2, and the screw holes 10 are defined as second screw holes. The hole sites and the diameters of the 10 to 16 second threaded holes 10 are matched with the 10 to 16 first through holes 7 in the circumferential direction on the support ring 1, the diameters of the 10 to 16 second threaded holes 10 are all phi 25 to 30mm, the angle is 60 degrees, the thread pitch is 1mm, and the 10 to 16 second threaded holes 10 start from the inner diameter surface of the ventilation ring 2 and end at the inner diameter surface of the annular hollow interlayer 9, as shown in fig. 3 a.
At least 2 threaded holes 11 are formed in the circumferential direction of the vent ring 2, and the threaded holes 11 are defined as third threaded holes. The third threaded holes 11 start from the outer diameter surface of the vent ring 2 and end at the outer diameter surface of the annular hollow interlayer 9. The included angle of the axes of two adjacent third threaded holes 11 is 45-60 degrees. The diameter of the third threaded hole 11 is phi 25-30 mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 1 mm. The distances between the axes of the third threaded holes 11 and the upper and lower end faces of the vent ring 2 are equal, that is, the axes of the third threaded holes 11 are located at the midpoint position of the vent ring 2 in the height direction, as shown in fig. 3 a. The material of the ventilation ring 2 is a material with the tensile strength not lower than 1000 MPa.
The telescopic link 3 be threaded solid cylinder, as shown in fig. 4, quantity is 2, 2 telescopic links 3's diameter all with the diameter phase-match of first screw hole 8, 2 telescopic links 3's length is 1200 ~ 1500 mm. The threaded end of the definition telescopic rod 3 is the outer end, and the other end of the definition telescopic rod is the inner end. The extension of 3 outer ends of edge telescopic link to the inner end direction has the screw thread, and screw thread length is 90 ~ 120mm, and this screw thread and first screw hole 8 phase-match, and the screw thread diameter is phi 30 ~ 40mm promptly, and the angle is 60 °, and the pitch is 3 mm. The telescopic rod 3 is made of a material with tensile strength not lower than 1400 MPa.
The flame nozzle 4 is a threaded hollow cylinder, as shown in fig. 5, the length of the flame nozzle 4 meets the following requirements: namely, the end face exposed outside after being assembled and connected with the ventilation ring 2 and the support ring 1 is 45-55 mm away from the inner diameter position of the support ring 1, the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, and the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm. Defining the threaded end of the flame nozzle 4 as the lower end and the other end of the flame nozzle 4 as the upper end. The lower end of the flame nozzle 4 extends towards the upper end to form a thread, the length of the thread is 10-35 mm, the thread is matched with the second threaded hole 10, namely the diameter of the thread is phi 25-30 mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 1 mm. The flame nozzle 4 is made of brass.
The air inlet nozzle 5 is a hollow cylinder with threads at two ends, as shown in fig. 6, one end of the air inlet nozzle is connected with the ventilation ring 2, the other end of the air inlet nozzle is used for being connected with a mixed gas source used for combustion of the flame nozzle 4, the threads at two ends of the air inlet nozzle 5 are mutually mirror-symmetrical, and are matched with the third threaded hole 11, namely the diameter of the threads is phi 25-30 mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 1 mm. The length of the air inlet nozzle 5 is 120-160 mm, the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm, and the length of threads at two ends of the air inlet nozzle 5 is 10-35 mm. The material of suction nozzle 5 is brass, and the quantity of suction nozzle 5 is unanimous with the quantity of third screw hole 11.
Part of the air inlet nozzles 5 are connected with a combustion air source propane; the other part of the air inlet nozzles 5 are connected with combustion-supporting gas source oxygen, and the number and the diameter of the air inlet nozzles 5 which are connected with the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion-supporting gas source respectively meet the following requirements: the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm, and the ratio of the gas inflow of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas inflow of the combustion gas source in unit time is 3.5-4.0, namely, the ratio of oxygen to propane in the mixed gas in the annular hollow interlayer 9 of the ventilation ring 2 is ensured to be 3.5-4.0.
In the step (I), the assembly process of the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box is as follows:
1) respectively assembling, connecting and fixing the outer end threads of 2 telescopic rods 3 with 2 first threaded holes 8 of the support ring 1, wherein the tightening torque is 1200-1800 N.m, and forming a combined body A;
2) the flame nozzle 4 sequentially penetrates through the first through hole 7 in the support ring 1 and the second threaded hole 10 in the vent ring 2, so that the threads on the flame nozzle 4 are assembled, connected and fixed with the second threaded hole 10, the assembly clearance between the flame nozzle 4 and the through hole 7 in the support ring 1 is 0.15-0.20 mm, the tightening torque of the corresponding threaded hole 10 in the flame nozzle 4 and the vent ring 2 is 320-400 N.m, and the end face of the lower end of the flame nozzle 4 is just contacted with the position of the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 in the vent ring 2. The 10-16 flame nozzles 4 are sequentially subjected to the operation, so that the flame nozzles 4 are fixed and connected with the support ring 1 and the ventilation ring 2 to form a combined body B;
3) and (3) respectively assembling, connecting and fixing threads at one end of the air inlet nozzle 5 with a third threaded hole 11 on the ventilation ring 2 to form a combined body C, wherein the end face of the thread used for connecting the air inlet nozzle 5 and the ventilation ring 2 is just contacted with the position of the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 in the ventilation ring 2, and the tightening torques of the air inlet nozzle 5, the corresponding threaded hole 11 on the ventilation ring 2 and an air source are both 320-400 N.m.
Preparing 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blanks;
thirdly, assembling, connecting and fixing the integral box bottom spinning temperature field control tool manufactured in the step one with a left ejection device oil cylinder and a right ejection device oil cylinder of spinning equipment through the inner ends of 2 telescopic rods 3 on the assembly C; assembling, connecting and fixing the other end of the upper air inlet 5 of the combination C with the bottle mouth interfaces of the oxygen gas bottle and the propane gas bottle respectively; fixedly mounting the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank manufactured in the step (II) on a spinning core die 6 through the tail top of spinning equipment;
fourthly, thermally spinning the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank in the third step into an integral box bottom spinning and pressing piece 12, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the spinning core mold 6 keeps rotating in the forming process, the telescopic rod 3 moves along the axial direction, and the temperature field of a full-spinning deformation zone is controlled to be 280-350 ℃;
step five, demolding the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy whole box bottom spinning part 12 in the step four, and detecting the profile contour of the whole box bottom spinning part 12 by adopting an inner profile theoretical template; and detecting whether the inner surface and the outer surface of the spinning and pressing part 12 at the bottom of the whole box have spinning defects.
In the step (III), after the inner ends of the 2 telescopic rods 3 on the combined body C are respectively connected and fixed with the left ejection device oil cylinder and the right ejection device oil cylinder of the spinning equipment, the ejection oil cylinders of the spinning equipment are contracted to the bottom, namely the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box is positioned at the diameter position of the large end of the spinning core mould 6;
in the step (IV), the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank is subjected to hot spinning forming to form the whole box bottom spinning and pressing part 12, the temperature field of the full-spinning deformation zone is controlled to be 280-350 ℃, and the control process is as follows: and the ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment pushes the combined body C to move towards the spinning-up direction and stop at the spinning-up position. And opening valves of an oxygen gas bottle and a propane gas bottle to enable oxygen gas and propane gas to enter the annular hollow interlayer 9 of the ventilation ring 2 through the 2 gas inlet nozzles 5 to be mixed, enabling the mixed oxygen-propane gas to enter the 10-16 flame nozzles 4, and starting compensation heating after ignition.
And (3) gradually and cooperatively shrinking the combined body C through an ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment along the direction of the large end opening of the spinning core mould 6 from the spinning starting position along the axis of the spinning core mould 6 along with the spinning deformation, namely, the compensation heat source generated by the combined body C is always 20-30 mm away from the front of the spinning wheel of the spinning equipment in the moving direction. Along the axial direction of the spinning core mould 6, a continuous annular heating belt is formed from the spinning starting position to the large port position of the spinning core mould 6, and a good and uniform compensation heating effect can be obtained in each circumferential plane through which a spinning wheel of the spinning device passes.
The invention realizes cooperative shrinkage control according to the correlation between the feeding speed of the spinning wheel and the movement speed of the ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment in the spinning deformation process, and the correlation between the feeding speed of the spinning wheel and the movement speed of the ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment in the spinning deformation process is shown as a formula 1:
νχ·Cosβ-νs＝L…………………………(1)
in the formula, vxThe feed speed of the spinning wheel; beta is the included angle between the axis of the spinning wheel and the axis of the spinning core mold; vsEjecting the moving speed of an oil cylinder for spinning equipment; and L is a synergistic coefficient and takes the value of 20-30 mm.
And the temperature of a deformation area is monitored by an infrared thermometer in the spinning deformation process in real time. Compared with a contact type temperature measuring instrument, the accuracy of the infrared temperature measuring instrument is low, the contact type temperature measuring instrument cannot be used in the spinning deformation process, and in order to ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement, a correction value is added on the basis of actual display data of the infrared temperature measuring instrument, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: before spinning deformation, a contact type temperature measuring instrument is adopted to ensure that the temperature of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy test block reaches a certain set temperature U, an infrared temperature measuring instrument is used for detecting that the temperature of the test block is W, and the (U-W) is a corrected value, so that the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process is the superposed value of the display temperature T and the (U-W) of the infrared temperature measuring instrument.
In the spinning deformation process, a deformation temperature zone threshold is set, for 2195 aluminum lithium alloy, the upper limit value range of the threshold is 340-345 ℃, the lower limit value range of the threshold is 285-290 ℃, and the temperature of the full-spinning deformation zone is 280-350 ℃ through the above means.
When the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the upper limit of a threshold value, adjusting the gas flow of the mixed gas to change the gas flow and the proportional gradient of the mixed gas, and specifically operating as follows: respectively adjusting output valves of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source, so that the numerical value of a pressure gauge at the output end of the gas source changes, and adjusting the ratio of the gas intake quantity of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas intake quantity of the combustion gas source within a unit time to be 1.5-2.0 according to the numerical values of the pressure gauges at the output ends of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source, so that the combustion is incomplete, namely ensuring that the ratio of oxygen to propane in the mixed gas in the annular hollow interlayer 9 of the vent ring 2 is 1.5-2.0, and the ratio change rate is 0.5-0.8/s; when the actual temperature of the deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the lower limit of the threshold value, the ratio of the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source to the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source in unit time is regressed to be 3.5-4.0, and the proportional change rate is also 0.5-0.8/s.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the generatrix equation of the external profile of the spinning core mold 6 is an ellipsoidal profile, the major-half axis is 1665mm, the minor-half axis is 1039.125mm, and the maximum external diameter is phi 3315mm, and the following is a specific process of the method for controlling the spinning temperature field at the bottom of the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy monoblock tank with phi 3350 mm:
the method for controlling the temperature field of the spinning of the 2195 Al-Li alloy integral box bottom with the diameter of phi 3350mm comprises the following steps:
step (1) preparing a spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box, which comprises the following specific processes:
the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box adopts a modular design and comprises a support ring 1, a ventilation ring 2, a telescopic rod 3, a flame nozzle 4 and an air inlet nozzle 5.
The inner diameter of the support ring 1 is phi 3465mm, the outer diameter of the support ring 1 is phi 3615mm, and the height of the support ring 1 is 50 mm. 12 holes 7 are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction of the support ring 1, and the included angle of the axes of any 2 adjacent holes 7 is 30 degrees. The distances from the axes of the 12 holes 7 to the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the support ring 1 are both 25mm, namely the axes of the 12 holes 7 are positioned at the midpoint position of the support ring 1 in the height direction. The diameter of each hole 7 is 30mm, and each hole penetrates through the support ring 1 in the radial direction, namely, each hole 7 is a through hole and has the depth of 75 mm. The 12 through holes 7 on the support ring 1 are defined as first through holes. The material of the support ring 1 is 30CrMnSiA high-strength alloy steel.
There are 2 screw holes 8 along diameter direction symmetric distribution at support ring 1, define this screw hole to be first screw hole, 3540mm is apart from the axis of 2 above-mentioned first screw holes 8, 2 first screw holes 8's axis is 1770mm with the distance of support ring 1 axis, 2 first screw holes 8's diameter is phi 40mm, the angle is 60 °, the pitch is 3mm, 2 first screw holes 8 all run through in the direction of height, 2 first screw holes 8's degree of depth is 50mm promptly.
The inner diameter of the ventilation ring 2 is phi 3675mm, the outer diameter of the ventilation ring 2 is phi 3835mm, and the height of the ventilation ring 2 is 50 mm. An annular hollow interlayer 9 is arranged in the ventilation ring 2 along the circumferential direction, the distances between the annular hollow interlayer 9 and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ventilation ring 2 are both 8mm, the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 is phi 3715mm, and the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 is phi 3795mm (the value of V is 20 mm). 12 threaded holes 10 are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction of the ventilation ring 2, and the threaded holes 10 are defined as second threaded holes. The hole site and the diameter of above-mentioned 12 second screw holes 10 and the support ring 1 go up 12 first through-holes 7 phase-matchings on the circumferencial direction, 2 arbitrary adjacent second screw holes 10's axis contained angle be 30 promptly, 12 second screw holes 10's diameter is phi 30mm, the angle is 60 °, the pitch is 1mm, 12 second screw holes 10 all begin in the internal diameter surface of air-permeable ring 2, end at the hollow intermediate layer 9 internal diameter surface of annular, 12 second screw holes 10's degree of depth is 20mm promptly.
There are also 4 threaded holes 11 in the circumferential direction of the vent ring 2, which threaded holes 11 are defined as third threaded holes. The third threaded holes 11 start from the outer diameter surface of the vent ring 2 and end at the outer diameter surface of the annular hollow interlayer 9, namely the depth of each third threaded hole 11 is 20 mm. The included angle between the axes of two adjacent third threaded holes 11 is 60 degrees. The diameters of the third threaded holes 11 are all phi 30mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 1 mm. The distance between the axis of the third threaded hole 11 and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ventilation ring 2 are equal and 25mm respectively, namely, the axes of the third threaded holes 11 are positioned at the midpoint position of the ventilation ring 2 in the height direction. The material of the vent ring 2 is 30CrMnSiA high-strength alloy steel.
The telescopic link 3 be threaded solid cylinder, quantity is 2, 2 telescopic link 3's diameter all with the diameter phase-match of first screw hole 8 and for phi 40mm, 2 telescopic link 3's length is 1400 mm. The threaded end of the definition telescopic rod 3 is the outer end, and the other end of the definition telescopic rod is the inner end. And a thread extends from the outer end of the telescopic rod 3 to the inner end, the length of the thread is 90mm, and the thread is matched with the second threaded hole 10, namely the diameter of the thread is phi 40mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 3 mm. The telescopic rod 3 is made of 30CrMnSiNi2A high-strength/ultrahigh-strength alloy steel.
The flame nozzle 4 is a threaded hollow cylinder, and the length of the flame nozzle 4 meets the following requirements: namely, the end surface exposed outside after being assembled and connected with the ventilation ring 2 and the support ring 1 is 50mm away from the inner diameter position of the support ring 1, the outer diameter is phi 29.6mm, and the inner diameter is phi 14 mm. Defining the threaded end of the flame nozzle 4 as the lower end and the other end of the flame nozzle 4 as the upper end. And a thread extends from the lower end of the flame nozzle 4 to the upper end, the length of the thread is 20mm, and the thread is matched with the second threaded hole 10, namely the diameter of the thread is phi 30mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 1 mm. The flame nozzle 4 is made of brass.
The air inlet nozzle 5 is a hollow cylinder with threads at two ends, the threads at two ends of the air inlet nozzle 5 are in mirror symmetry with each other, and the threads are matched with the third threaded hole 11, namely the diameter of the threads is phi 30mm, the angle is 60 degrees, and the thread pitch is 1 mm. The length of the air inlet nozzle 5 is 140mm, the outer diameter is phi 30mm, the inner diameter is phi 14mm, and the length of the threads at the two ends of the air inlet nozzle 5 is 20 mm. The material of suction nozzle 5 is brass, and the quantity of suction nozzle 5 is 5.
One of the air inlet nozzles 5 is connected with a combustion air source propane; the other four air inlets 5 are connected with combustion-supporting gas source oxygen, the ratio of the gas intake quantity of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas intake quantity of the combustion-supporting gas source in unit time is 4.0, namely the ratio of oxygen to propane in the mixed gas in the annular hollow interlayer 9 of the ventilation ring 2 is ensured to be 4.0.
In the step (1), the assembly process of the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box is as follows:
1) respectively assembling, connecting and fixing the outer end threads of 2 telescopic rods 3 with 2 first threaded holes 8 of a support ring 1, wherein the tightening torque is 1600 N.m, and a combination A is formed;
2) the flame nozzle 4 sequentially penetrates through a first through hole 7 in the support ring 1 and a second threaded hole 10 in the vent ring 2, so that threads on the flame nozzle 4 are assembled, connected and fixed with the second threaded hole 10, the assembling clearance between the flame nozzle 4 and the through hole 7 in the support ring 1 is 0.20mm, the screwing torque of the flame nozzle 4 and the corresponding threaded hole 10 in the vent ring 2 is 360 N.m, and the end face of the lower end of the flame nozzle 4 is just contacted with the position of the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 in the vent ring 2. The 12 flame nozzles 4 are all sequentially operated, so that the flame nozzles 4 are fixed and connected with the support ring 1 and the ventilation ring 2 to form a combined body B;
3) assembling, connecting and fixing threads at one end of the air inlet nozzle 5 with 2 third threaded holes 11 on the ventilation ring 2 respectively to form a combination C, wherein the end face of the thread used for connecting the air inlet nozzle 5 and the ventilation ring 2 is just contacted with the position of the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer 9 in the ventilation ring 2, and the tightening torque of the air inlet nozzle 5, the corresponding threaded hole 11 on the ventilation ring 2 and the air source is 360 N.m.
Step (2), preparing 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blanks;
step (3) connecting and fixing the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box manufactured in the step (1) with left and right ejection device oil cylinders of spinning equipment respectively through the inner ends of 2 telescopic rods 3 on the assembly C; the threads at the other ends of the 2 air inlet nozzles 5 on the combination C are respectively assembled, connected and fixed with the nozzle interfaces of the oxygen gas cylinder and the propane gas cylinder; fixedly mounting the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank manufactured in the step (2) on a spinning core die 6 through the tail top of spinning equipment;
step (4) performing hot spinning forming on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank in the step (3) to form an integral box bottom spinning and pressing piece 12, wherein the spinning core mold 6 keeps rotating in the forming process, the telescopic rod 3 moves along the axial direction, and the temperature field of a full-spinning deformation zone is controlled to be 280-350 ℃;
step (5) demolding the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy whole box bottom spinning part 12 in the step (4), and detecting the profile contour of the whole box bottom spinning part 12 by adopting an inner profile theoretical template; and detecting whether the inner surface and the outer surface of the spinning and pressing part 12 at the bottom of the whole box have spinning defects.
In the step (3), after the inner ends of the 2 telescopic rods 3 on the combined body C are respectively connected and fixed with the left ejection device oil cylinder and the right ejection device oil cylinder of the spinning equipment, the ejection oil cylinders of the spinning equipment are contracted to the bottom, namely the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box is positioned at the diameter position of the large end of the spinning core mould 6;
in the step (4), the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank is subjected to hot spinning forming to form the whole box bottom spinning part 12, the temperature field of the full-spinning deformation zone is controlled to be 280-350 ℃, and the control process is as follows: and the ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment pushes the combined body C to move towards the spinning-up direction and stop at the spinning-up position. And opening valves of an oxygen gas bottle and a propane gas bottle to enable oxygen gas and propane gas to enter the annular hollow interlayer 9 of the vent ring 2 through the 2 gas inlet nozzles 5 to be mixed, enabling the mixed oxygen-propane gas to enter the 12 flame nozzles 4, and starting compensation heating after ignition.
And (3) gradually and cooperatively shrinking the combined body C from the spinning starting position to the direction of the large end opening of the spinning core die 6 along the axis of the spinning core die 6 along with the spinning deformation, wherein the included angle between the axis of the spinning roller and the axis of the spinning core die 6 is 15 degrees, the feeding speed of the spinning roller in the spinning deformation process is 60mm/min, the moving speed of the ejection cylinder of the spinning device is 36mm/min, namely, a compensation heat source generated by the combined body C is always 20-22 mm away from the front of the moving direction of the spinning roller of the spinning device. Along the axial direction of the spinning core mould 6, a continuous annular heating belt is formed from the spinning starting position to the large port position of the spinning core mould 6, and a good and uniform compensation heating effect can be obtained in each circumferential plane through which a spinning wheel of the spinning device passes.
And the temperature of a deformation area is monitored by an infrared thermometer in the spinning deformation process in real time. Compared with a contact type temperature measuring instrument, the accuracy of the infrared temperature measuring instrument is low, the contact type temperature measuring instrument cannot be used in the spinning deformation process, and in order to ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement, a correction value is added on the basis of actual display data of the infrared temperature measuring instrument, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: before spinning deformation, a contact type temperature measuring instrument is adopted to ensure that the temperature of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy test block reaches a certain set temperature U, an infrared temperature measuring instrument is used for detecting that the temperature of the test block is W, and the (U-W) is a corrected value, so that the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process is the superposed value of the display temperature T and the (U-W) of the infrared temperature measuring instrument.
In the spinning deformation process, a deformation temperature zone threshold is set, for 2195 aluminum lithium alloy, the upper limit value range of the threshold is 340-345 ℃, the lower limit value range of the threshold is 285-290 ℃, and the temperature of the full-spinning deformation zone is 280-350 ℃ through the above means.
When the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the upper limit of a threshold value, adjusting the gas flow of the mixed gas to change the gas flow and the proportional gradient of the mixed gas, and specifically operating as follows: respectively adjusting output valves of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source, so that the numerical value of a pressure gauge at the output end of the gas source changes, and according to the numerical values of the pressure gauges at the output ends of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source, the ratio of the gas input quantity of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source in unit time is adjusted to be 1.8, so that the combustion is incomplete, namely, the proportion of oxygen and propane in the mixed gas in the annular hollow interlayer 9 of the ventilation ring 2 is ensured to be 1.8, and the proportion change rate is 0.6/s; when the actual temperature of the deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the lower limit of the threshold value, the ratio of the gas intake quantity of the combustion gas source to the gas intake quantity of the combustion gas source in unit time is regressed to be 4.0, and the proportional change rate is also 0.8/s.
In the embodiment, aiming at the temperature control difficulty in the forming process of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning part with the diameter of 3350mm, a integral box bottom spinning temperature field control tool is designed, a split modular design and manufacturing scheme is adopted, and then assembly connection is carried out, namely, the structural design of a support ring, a ventilation ring, a telescopic rod, a flame nozzle and an air inlet nozzle is adopted, so that the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blank can obtain a good compensation heating effect in the full spinning process, the temperature requirement of a deformation region in the full spinning process is met, the spinning defect caused by insufficient deformation temperature is eliminated, the potential safety hazard caused by manual heating is avoided, the unilateral gap between the inner profile of the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning part and a theoretical template is less than or equal to 3mm, and the forming quality and the forming precision are high.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (15)
1. A method for controlling a phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom spinning temperature field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box; the tool comprises a support ring, a ventilation ring, a telescopic rod, a flame nozzle and an air inlet nozzle;
the telescopic rod is used for assembling and connecting the support ring with the spinning equipment; the number of the flame nozzles is 10-16, through holes which are consistent with the number of the flame nozzles and are matched with the size are formed in the support ring, an annular hollow interlayer is arranged in the ventilation ring, threaded holes which are consistent with the number of the flame nozzles and are matched with the size are formed in the ventilation ring, each flame nozzle sequentially penetrates through the through holes in the support ring and the threaded holes in the ventilation ring, so that the flame nozzles are assembled and connected with the support ring and the ventilation ring, and the end surface of the lower end of each flame nozzle is in contact with the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the ventilation ring; the ventilation ring is also provided with threaded holes which are consistent with the number of the air inlet nozzles and are matched with the size of the air inlet nozzles; the number of the air inlet nozzles is at least 2, one end of each air inlet nozzle is connected with the ventilation ring, and the other end of each air inlet nozzle is used for connecting a mixed gas source used for combustion of the flame nozzle; the connecting end surface of the air inlet nozzle and the ventilation ring is just contacted with the position of the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the ventilation ring;
(2) preparing 2195 aluminum lithium alloy spinning plate blanks;
(3) respectively connecting and fixing the telescopic rod of the tool manufactured in the step (1) with a left ejection oil cylinder and a right ejection oil cylinder of spinning equipment; the air inlet nozzle is respectively assembled and connected with a cylinder nozzle interface of a gas cylinder to be mixed, and the plate blank is fixedly arranged on a spinning core mold;
(4) spinning forming is started, the spinning core mold keeps rotating in the forming process, and the telescopic rod moves along the axial direction;
(5) and (4) demolding and detecting after the spinning forming is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: assuming that the maximum outer diameter of the spinning core mold is A, the inner diameter of the support ring is (A + P) and the value of P is 140-180 mm, the outer diameter of the support ring is (A + Q) and the value of Q is 300-350 mm, and the height of the support ring is 50-80 mm; the through holes on the circumference of the support ring are symmetrically distributed, the diameters of the through holes are phi 25-30 mm, the axes of the through holes all pass through the midpoint position of the support ring in the height direction, and the support ring is made of a material with the tensile strength not lower than 1000 MPa.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the support ring is provided with threaded holes for connecting the telescopic rod, the number of the threaded holes is 2, the diameter of the threaded holes is matched with the diameter of the telescopic rod, the distance between the axes of the two threaded holes is A + (P + Q)/2, and the distance between the axis of the threaded hole and the axis of the support ring is half of the distance between the axes of the threaded holes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the ventilation ring is (A + M), the value of M is 360-400 mm, the outer diameter of the ventilation ring is (A + N), the value of N is 520-560 mm, and the height of the ventilation ring is consistent with that of the support ring; an annular hollow interlayer is arranged in the ventilation ring along the circumferential direction, the distances between the annular hollow interlayer and the upper end face and the lower end face of the ventilation ring are 8-10 mm, the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer is A + (N + M)/2-2V, the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer is A + (N + M)/2+2V, and the value of V is 15-20 mm; threaded holes for mounting the air inlet nozzle are formed in the circumferential direction of the ventilation ring, the axis of each threaded hole is located at the midpoint of the height direction of the ventilation ring, and the included angle between the axes of every two adjacent threaded holes is 45-60 degrees; the vent ring is made of a material with tensile strength not lower than 1000 MPa.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the threaded hole which is arranged on the ventilation ring and is connected with the flame nozzle starts from the inner diameter of the ventilation ring and ends at the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer; the threaded hole which is assembled and connected with the air inlet nozzle on the ventilation ring starts from the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer and ends at the outer diameter of the ventilation ring.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the telescopic rod is a solid cylinder with threads, the diameter is phi 30-40 mm, the length is 1200-1500 mm, the thread length is 90-120 mm, and the tensile strength of the material of the telescopic rod is not lower than 1400 MPa.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the flame nozzle is a hollow cylinder, and one end of the hollow cylinder is provided with threads; the length of the hollow cylinder meets the following requirements: namely, the end face exposed outside after being assembled and connected with the ventilation ring and the support ring is 45-55 mm away from the inner diameter position of the support ring, the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm, the thread length is 10-35 mm, and the flame nozzle is made of brass.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the air inlet nozzle is a hollow cylinder with threads at two ends, and the threads at two ends are in mirror symmetry with each other relative to the hollow cylinder; the length of the air inlet nozzle is 120-160 mm, and the length of the threads at two ends is 10-35 mm; the material of suction nozzle is brass.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: part of the air inlet nozzles are connected with a combustion air source propane; the other part of the air inlet nozzles are connected with combustion-supporting air source oxygen, and the number and the diameter of the air inlet nozzles for connecting the combustion air source and the combustion-supporting air source respectively meet the following requirements: the outer diameter is phi 25-30 mm, the inner diameter is phi 12-16 mm, and the ratio of the gas inflow of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas inflow of the combustion gas source in unit time is 3.5-4.0, namely, the proportion of oxygen and propane in the mixed gas in the annular hollow interlayer of the ventilation ring is 3.5-4.0.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: the assembly of the tool is completed according to the following modes:
1) respectively assembling, connecting and fixing the outer end threads of the 2 telescopic rods with the 2 threaded holes of the support ring, wherein the tightening torque is 1200-1800 N.m, and forming a combined body A;
2) sequentially penetrating each flame nozzle through the through hole in the support ring and the threaded hole in the vent ring to enable the flame nozzle and the vent ring to be assembled, connected and fixed, wherein the assembly clearance between the flame nozzle and the through hole in the support ring is 0.15-0.20 mm, the tightening torque of the corresponding threaded hole on the flame nozzle and the corresponding threaded hole on the vent ring is 320-400 N.m, and the end face of the lower end of the flame nozzle just contacts with the position of the inner diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the vent ring to form a combination body B;
3) and assembling, connecting and fixing threads at one end of the air inlet nozzle with corresponding threaded holes in the ventilation ring respectively to form a combined body C, wherein the end face of the thread used for connecting the air inlet nozzle with the ventilation ring is just contacted with the position of the outer diameter of the annular hollow interlayer in the ventilation ring, and the tightening torque of the corresponding threaded holes in the air inlet nozzle and the ventilation ring and the air source is 320-400 N.m.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) spinning initially, shrinking a left ejection oil cylinder and a right ejection oil cylinder of spinning equipment to the bottom, namely enabling the spinning temperature field control tool at the bottom of the whole box to be located at the diameter position of the large end of the spinning core mold.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the spinning process, the temperature field of the full-spinning deformation area is controlled to be 280-350 ℃, and the control process is as follows: an ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment pushes the whole tool to move towards the spinning-up direction and stop at the spinning-up position; the combustion gas source and the combustion-supporting gas source respectively enter the annular hollow interlayer of the ventilation ring through the air inlet nozzle to be mixed, the mixed gas enters the flame nozzle, and compensation heating is started after ignition;
and controlling an ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment to drive the whole heating tool to gradually contract in a cooperative manner, wherein a compensation heat source generated by the heating tool is always 20-30 mm away from the front of the spinning equipment in the moving direction of a spinning wheel.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein: monitoring the temperature of a deformation area in real time through the measured data and the corrected value of the infrared thermometer in the spinning deformation process; before spinning deformation, a contact type temperature measuring instrument is adopted to ensure that the temperature of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy test block reaches a certain set temperature U, an infrared temperature measuring instrument is used for detecting the temperature of the test block as W, and the (U-W) is a corrected value, so that the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process is the superposition value of the display temperature T and the (U-W) of the infrared temperature measuring instrument.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein: setting a deformation temperature zone threshold, wherein the upper limit value range of the threshold is 340-345 ℃ and the lower limit value range is 285-290 ℃ for 2195 aluminum lithium alloy; when the actual temperature of a deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the upper limit of a threshold value, adjusting the gas flow of the mixed gas to change the gas flow and the proportional gradient of the mixed gas, and specifically operating as follows:
adjusting output valves of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source respectively, and adjusting the ratio of the gas input quantity of the combustion-supporting gas source to the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source within unit time to be 1.5-2.0 and the proportional change rate to be 0.5-0.8/s according to the numerical values of pressure meters at the output ends of the combustion-supporting gas source and the combustion gas source; when the actual temperature of the deformation area in the spinning deformation process reaches the lower limit of the threshold value, the ratio of the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source to the gas input quantity of the combustion gas source in unit time is regressed to be 3.5-4.0, and the proportional change rate is also 0.5-0.8/s.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein: realizing cooperative shrinkage control according to the correlation between the feeding speed of the spinning wheel and the movement speed of the ejection oil cylinder of the spinning equipment in the spinning deformation process, wherein the correlation is as follows:
νχ·Cosβ-νs＝L
in the formula, vxThe feed speed of the spinning wheel; beta is the included angle between the axis of the spinning wheel and the axis of the spinning core mold; vsEjecting the moving speed of an oil cylinder for spinning equipment; and L is a synergistic coefficient and takes the value of 20-30 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111194022.2A CN113996689A (en) | 2021-10-13 | 2021-10-13 | Method for controlling spinning temperature field of phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom |
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