CN113996667B - Superplastic positive-negative bidirectional variable-temperature extrusion forming method and application - Google Patents

Superplastic positive-negative bidirectional variable-temperature extrusion forming method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113996667B
CN113996667B CN202111272723.3A CN202111272723A CN113996667B CN 113996667 B CN113996667 B CN 113996667B CN 202111272723 A CN202111272723 A CN 202111272723A CN 113996667 B CN113996667 B CN 113996667B
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die
forming
magnesium
lithium alloy
extrusion
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CN113996667A (en
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王长瑞
武练梅
卢振
田威
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/10—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass

Abstract

The invention provides a superplastic positive and negative two-way variable-temperature extrusion forming method and application, wherein numerical simulation analysis of magnesium-lithium alloy material forming is carried out based on tested magnesium-lithium alloy material forming performance parameters and technological parameters, macroscopic deformation and microstructure evolution in a part forming process are predicted by establishing a thermal coupling finite element simulation model, the macroscopic deformation and microstructure evolution are compared with an actual simulation sample test result, the accuracy of numerical analysis is verified, the feasibility of magnesium-lithium alloy mold design is judged, and forming process optimization is carried out according to the finite element simulation result. The invention adopts superplasticity positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming, realizes large deformation, and has double functions of grain refinement and mechanical property improvement. In the manufacturing process, the material grains are refined, the mechanical property is greatly improved, and the high performance is realized while the residual stress is eliminated.

Description

Superplastic positive-negative bidirectional variable-temperature extrusion forming method and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium-lithium alloy manufacturing, in particular to a superplastic positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming method and application.
Background
Aiming at the key structural parts of the new generation of national defense advanced weapon equipment in the fields of aerospace, weapons and the like, which need high specific strength, high specific stiffness and excellent conventional mechanical properties, the research, development and manufacturing links of various aircrafts all put forward higher and higher requirements on the selection standards of materials. The goals of saving fuel consumption, enhancing the carrying capacity of rockets, improving the flying speed and the effective load of aircrafts and the like are constantly sought and pursued. In addition, the light weight requirements of the core components of civil automobiles, computers, mobile phones and the like also put demands on new materials and precision manufacturing thereof. To achieve these goals, there is an increasing demand for the use of high quality light alloys. The magnesium-lithium alloy is the lightest metal structure material in the world, and is a novel engineering material which rises rapidly due to the advantages of excellent specific strength, good heat and electric conductivity, excellent machining performance, low-temperature forming performance, ultralight weight and the like.
The civil and military lightweight components are generally complex in shape and high in dimensional accuracy requirement, and often have thin-wall reinforcing rib structures, so that in order to avoid the existence of welding seams, a large deformation is required for realizing the integrated manufacturing of complex structures. However, the magnesium-lithium alloy member manufactured by the traditional casting method is difficult to realize low density and strength, and has various casting defects such as holes, segregation, component nonuniformity and the like, so that the magnesium-lithium alloy member has the problems of high resistance Wen Xingcha, easy corrosion and the like. The casting defects can be obviously reduced, the crystal grains of the alloy are refined, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is improved by a plastic deformation method, such as rolling, extruding, forging and other forming processes, but the same challenge is also faced in how to realize high strength under the condition of ensuring large deformation. Therefore, the superplastic positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming technology is provided, which not only can obtain large deformation amount in a superplastic state, but also can achieve the purpose of improving the material structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a superplastic positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming method, which aims to solve the technical problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme is as follows: a superplastic positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out numerical simulation on a forming component, and determining a forming die form and a process flow;
and step two, designing and manufacturing the die, wherein the split die structure can solve the problem of complex special-shaped magnesium-lithium alloy components difficult to demould.
And step three, placing the magnesium-lithium alloy blank into a die, heating to a corresponding temperature, preserving heat, extruding, and synchronously performing heat treatment to obtain a high-performance component.
And step four, performing numerical control machining on the formed preform, mainly machining round corners and oxidized surfaces which are difficult to form.
And step five, carrying out surface treatment on the magnesium-lithium alloy component after numerical control processing to obtain the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.
In further embodiments, the magnesium lithium alloy includes, but is not limited to: LAZ931, LAZ141;
the forming die includes, but is not limited to: an integrated mold, a discrete mold;
the heating means include, but are not limited to: resistance heating, induction heating and heating furnace conduction heating.
The surface treatment means include, but are not limited to: chemical plating and micro-arc oxidation.
The invention also provides application of the superplastic positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming method to the magnesium-lithium alloy complex component.
Has the advantages that: according to the method, based on tested magnesium-lithium alloy material forming performance parameters and technological parameters, magnesium-lithium alloy material forming numerical simulation analysis is carried out, a thermal coupling finite element simulation model is established, macroscopic deformation and microstructure evolution in the part forming process are predicted, the macroscopic deformation and microstructure evolution are compared with an actual simulation sample test result, the accuracy of numerical analysis is verified, the feasibility of magnesium-lithium alloy mold design is judged, and forming process optimization is carried out according to the finite element simulation result.
The invention adopts superplastic positive and negative bidirectional variable temperature extrusion forming, realizes large deformation, and has double functions of refining crystal grains and improving mechanical properties. In the manufacturing process, the material grains are refined, the mechanical property is greatly improved, and the high performance is realized while the residual stress is eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the split mold design of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the superplastic extrusion die and heating integrated apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a typical lost alloy member forming die.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the present invention after forming.
FIG. 5 is a forming flow chart of the present invention.
The figures are numbered: the hot-pressing mold comprises a main cabin body 1, a mold split type lining 2, a mold jacket 3, an upper template 4, a lower pressing head 5, an upper pressing head 6, an upper template 7, a cold plate 8, a heating device 9, a heat insulation plate 10, a pressing head 11 and a mold 12.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment discloses a preparation method of a feed, which comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out numerical simulation on a forming component, and determining the form and the process flow of a forming die 12;
in a further embodiment, a typical cylindrical magnesium-lithium alloy main cabin 1 with reinforcing ribs is provided with a magnesium-lithium alloy blank as a plastic body, a die 12 as a rigid body and a die 12 with a temperature of 350 ℃ in ABAQUS software. In the forward and backward extrusion molding simulation process, the upper pressure head 6 is an active die 12 and is responsible for applying pressure. A boundary condition is applied such that the lower die remains stationary. The blank will flow along the gap between the lower die and the side wall along with the movement of the upper pressure head 6 to fill the die 12, and the forming of the lower cylinder is completed. And then, after the replacement of the upper pressure head 6 is finished, the pressing is continued, so that the blank flows along the gap of the upper die in the reverse direction, and the forming work of the upper cylinder is finished. In the simulation process of the bidirectional extrusion molding, a conical upper die 12 and a conical lower die 12 are adopted, and the upper pressing head 5 is the forming die 12 and is also the active die 12 responsible for applying pressure. And applying boundary conditions to keep the split mold and the outer sleeve stationary, wherein in the moving and pressurizing process of the pressure head 11, the blank flows along the gap between the upper mold and the lower mold and the split mold, so that the forming of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body is completed.
Designing and manufacturing the mold 12, wherein the split mold 12 can solve the problem of complicated special-shaped magnesium-lithium alloy components difficult to demold;
in the integrated design and manufacturing process of the bidirectional variable temperature extrusion die 12 and the device, the design and manufacturing of the heating structure are firstly solved. The integrated heating structure is used for heating the die 12 and the blank and preventing heat conduction between the die 12 and the forging and extruding device, and a schematic diagram of the related heating mechanism is shown in fig. 2. The material of the die 12 is selected from the die 12 materials such as Ni7N heat-resistant steel with good heat resistance, strength and toughness, which is the key for ensuring the smooth implementation of the project.
For example, the following steps are carried out: a typical main cabin body 1 structure and a die 12 of a magnesium-lithium alloy cylindrical part with reinforcing ribs are shown in figure 3, the overall structure is in a bidirectional cylindrical member, the overall height of the cylinder body is about 300mm-600mm, the diameter is about 100mm-300mm, the wall thickness of the cylinder body is 0.5-2mm, and the height of the reinforcing ribs is 0.5-5.0mm. The structure has three major features that present challenges for precision forming: the thin wall, the annular cross reinforcing rib, the thickness of the reinforcing rib is larger than the wall thickness of the main body. The three characteristics are combined together to bring difficulty to demoulding, and the demoulding of the main cabin body 1 of the magnesium-lithium alloy cylindrical part is realized through the split design and the drawing slope of 1-3 degrees.
And step three, placing the magnesium-lithium alloy blank into the die 12, heating to a corresponding temperature, preserving heat, extruding, and synchronously performing heat treatment to obtain a high-performance component.
In a further embodiment, a specific forming process of a typical magnesium-lithium alloy cylindrical main cabin body 1 with reinforcing ribs can be divided into four steps, as shown in fig. 5:
(1) And (4) preheating. Respectively preheating the blank and the die 12 in a heating furnace, finishing die filling work after the temperature meets the requirement, and preparing to start hot extrusion after preserving heat for a period of time.
(2) A positive extrusion process. Under the action of the extrusion force, the material flows along the cavity between the lower die and the split die, and the cavity is gradually filled, so that the forming of the lower cylinder is completed.
(3) And (4) a backward extrusion stage. After the forming work of the lower cylinder body is finished, the work of replacing the upper pressure head 6 is immediately finished, the upper pressure head 6 is replaced by a conical upper die, the blank is acted by extrusion force along with the movement of the upper die, and the blank flows reversely to gradually fill a cavity between the upper die and the split die, so that the forming of the upper cylinder body is finished.
(4) And (5) demolding. After the forming work of the upper cylinder body is finished, the lower base plate and the upper shaping plate are firstly separated, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are separated, finally, the lower die is taken out after the split demoulding.
For example, the following steps are carried out: extrusion forming is carried out on a thermoforming machine, extrusion temperature is about 260-330 ℃, forward extrusion is started after heat preservation is carried out for 1-3 hours, pressure is about 20-70 tons, the descending speed of a pressure head 11 is about 0.01-0.2 mm/s, a forward extrusion die head is pulled out after the forward extrusion die head is completed, a backward extrusion die head is replaced, temperature is raised to 260-330 ℃, and backward extrusion is started after heat preservation is carried out for 1-3 hours. The dimensional accuracy can be controlled within 0.01mm after forming.
And step four, carrying out numerical control machining on the formed preform, mainly machining round corners and oxidized surfaces which are difficult to form.
In a further embodiment, a typical main cabin body 1 of the magnesium-lithium alloy cylindrical part with the reinforcing ribs is subjected to the following specific numerical control machining process:
(1) The lithium-magnesium alloy barrel is arranged on a numerical control lathe, a center frame is arranged, the excircle is aligned, and the control tolerance is within 0.1 mm.
(2) And (4) machining the inner hole and the middle thickness to a standard size by using a customized deep hole lathe tool.
(3) And after one surface is finished, the other side is processed by changing the surface, the lithium magnesium alloy barrel is installed and fastened, the center frame is installed, the excircle is aligned, and the tolerance is controlled within 0.1 mm.
(4) And (4) processing an inner hole positioning mould and a rear end apex positioning mould according to the size of the inner Kong Yuliu.
(5) And (3) inserting the alloy barrel into the inner hole positioning mould, slowly inserting the lithium magnesium alloy barrel into the mould, and fixing the lithium magnesium alloy barrel with the lathe top after the rear positioning mould is installed.
(6) And (5) processing the excircle size to the design size, and processing the front end face to the design size.
(7) And (5) changing the surface and processing the end surface of the other side to the designed size.
(8) And (4) unloading the lithium magnesium alloy barrel and the mould from the lathe, and transferring to a numerical control machining center.
(9) Designing special-shaped digital models at two ends of the lithium-magnesium alloy barrel, after the design requirements are met through simulation, fixedly installing the special-shaped digital models on a numerical control four-axis machining center through a clamp alloy barrel, and starting machining the appearance of the two ends to the design size after positioning and aligning.
(10) Designing an excircle digifax of the lithium magnesium alloy barrel, installing the lithium magnesium alloy barrel on a numerical control four-axis machining center after the design requirement is realized through simulation, starting to machine the excircle to a design size after positioning and aligning, wherein the positioning and aligning precision is less than 0.02mm.
And step five, carrying out surface treatment on the magnesium-lithium alloy component after numerical control processing to obtain the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.
By way of example: the micro-arc oxidation process comprises the following steps: na (Na) 2 SiO 3 ，3-7g/L；NaF 2 1-3g/L；NaOH0.5-0.1g/L，Na 2 B4O 7 ·12H 2 O0.4-0.8 g/L; electrical parameters: the oxidation time is 5min-25min, the frequency is 100Hz-500Hz, the duty ratio is 40-90 percent, and the current density is 0.1-5A dm -2 。
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited to the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The superplastic positive and negative two-way variable temperature extrusion forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out numerical simulation on a forming component, and determining a forming die form and a process flow;
step 1-1, setting a magnesium-lithium alloy blank as a plastic body and a mould as a rigid body in ABAQUS software, and setting the temperature of the mould to be 350 ℃;
step 1-2, in the simulation process of forward and backward extrusion forming, an upper pressure head is an active die and is responsible for applying pressure; applying boundary conditions to keep the lower die still; the blank flows along the gap between the lower die and the side wall along with the movement of the upper pressure head to fill the die, and the forming of the lower barrel is completed;
step 1-3, continuously pressing after replacing the upper pressing head to enable the blank to reversely flow along the gap of the upper die, and finishing the forming work of the upper barrel; in the simulation process of bidirectional extrusion molding, a conical upper die and a conical lower die are adopted, and an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head are used as a molding die and an active die responsible for applying pressure;
step 1-4, applying boundary conditions to keep the split mold and the outer sleeve stationary, and in the process of moving and pressurizing the pressure head, enabling the blank to flow along the gap between the upper mold and the lower mold and the split mold to complete the forming of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder;
step 2, designing and manufacturing a mould, and solving the problem of a complicated special-shaped magnesium-lithium alloy component difficult to demould by using a split mould structure;
step 3, placing the magnesium-lithium alloy blank into a die, heating to a corresponding temperature for heat preservation, extruding, and synchronously performing heat treatment to obtain a high-performance component;
step 3-1, preheating;
step 3-2, forward extrusion: under the action of the extrusion force, the material flows along the cavity between the lower die and the split die, and the cavity is gradually filled, so that the forming of the lower cylinder is completed;
step 3-3, backward extrusion: after the forming work of the lower cylinder body is finished, the work of replacing the upper pressure head is immediately finished, the upper pressure head is replaced by a conical upper die, the blank is acted by extrusion force along with the movement of the upper die, and flows reversely to gradually fill a cavity between the upper die and the split die, so that the forming of the upper cylinder body is finished;
step 3-4, demolding;
step 4, carrying out numerical control machining on the formed prefabricated blank, and machining a round angle and an oxidized surface which are difficult to form;
and 5, performing surface treatment on the magnesium-lithium alloy component after numerical control processing to obtain the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.
2. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein step 2 further comprises:
the heating mechanism is used to heat the die and the billet and prevent heat conduction between the die and the forging extrusion device.
3. The method of forming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of preheating further comprises:
respectively preheating the blank and the die in a heating furnace, finishing die filling work after the temperature reaches the requirement, and preparing to start hot extrusion after heat preservation for preset time.
4. The method of forming of claim 1, wherein the process of demolding further comprises:
after the forming work of the upper cylinder body is finished, the lower base plate and the upper shaping plate are firstly separated, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are separated, finally, the lower die is taken out after the split demoulding.
5. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein:
the magnesium-lithium alloy includes: LAZ931, LAZ141;
the forming die includes: an integrated mold, a discrete mold;
the heating mode comprises the following steps: resistance heating, induction heating and heating furnace conduction heating;
the surface treatment mode comprises the following steps: chemical plating and micro-arc oxidation.
6. Use of the forming method of any one of claims 1 to 5 on a magnesium lithium alloy complex component.
CN202111272723.3A 2021-10-29 2021-10-29 Superplastic positive-negative bidirectional variable-temperature extrusion forming method and application Active CN113996667B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB747572A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-04-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert A method of press-forming hollow members
CN102632185A (en) * 2012-01-14 2012-08-15 秦皇岛燕大现代集成制造技术开发有限公司 Magnesium alloy wheel forging forming method and die
CN104841708A (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-19 苏州昆仑重型装备制造有限公司 Extrusion forming process of cylinder work-piece with flat head on end portion
CN104889186A (en) * 2015-06-18 2015-09-09 燕山大学 Electrical field assisted forward and backward combined extrusion forming method for ZrTiAlV alloy
CN106623463A (en) * 2015-11-03 2017-05-10 廉哲 Metal forming high-precision process
CN108480411A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-04 北京科技大学 A kind of strong flow extrusion molding apparatus of Magnesium alloy strip muscle cylindrical member and method
CN111112364A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-08 北京机电研究所有限公司 Stepped deep hole extrusion process suitable for elastomer deep hole extrusion piece

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB747572A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-04-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert A method of press-forming hollow members
CN102632185A (en) * 2012-01-14 2012-08-15 秦皇岛燕大现代集成制造技术开发有限公司 Magnesium alloy wheel forging forming method and die
CN104841708A (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-19 苏州昆仑重型装备制造有限公司 Extrusion forming process of cylinder work-piece with flat head on end portion
CN104889186A (en) * 2015-06-18 2015-09-09 燕山大学 Electrical field assisted forward and backward combined extrusion forming method for ZrTiAlV alloy
CN106623463A (en) * 2015-11-03 2017-05-10 廉哲 Metal forming high-precision process
CN108480411A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-04 北京科技大学 A kind of strong flow extrusion molding apparatus of Magnesium alloy strip muscle cylindrical member and method
CN111112364A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-08 北京机电研究所有限公司 Stepped deep hole extrusion process suitable for elastomer deep hole extrusion piece

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