CN113996632B - Method for preparing lightweight aggregate by using household garbage incineration tailings - Google Patents
Method for preparing lightweight aggregate by using household garbage incineration tailings Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 tiles Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010812 external standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource recycling, and relates to a method for preparing lightweight aggregate by utilizing household garbage incineration tailings, which comprises the following steps: 1) Obtaining pretreated materials from incineration tailings; 2) Further obtaining primary materials below 40mm; 3) Respectively obtaining a secondary material with the grain diameter of 5-20mm, crushed aggregates with the grain diameter of less than 5mm and a powdery material with the grain diameter of less than 0.075mm from the primary material; 4) Obtaining the same material as in the step 3) from the 5-20mm material; 5) Obtaining three-level materials with different nominal particle sizes from the two-level materials and crushed aggregates; 6) And carrying out a grade weight reconstruction on the three-grade material according to the specification of the lightweight aggregate. The invention can reduce the preparation cost of the lightweight aggregate, can randomly adjust the grain type and grain size distribution of the lightweight aggregate, and the produced lightweight aggregate can meet the actual requirements, reduce the production process, save the production cost and improve the process precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource recycling, and relates to a method for preparing lightweight aggregate by utilizing household garbage incineration tailings.
Background
With the rapid promotion of urban solid household garbage, the urban solid household garbage amount is rapidly increased, and the urban household garbage cleaning and transporting amount is set to be 2.15 multiplied by 10 in 2016 nationally 8 t, the average people produce 0.8-1.2 kg of garbage each day, and the garbage is still at a speed of 8-10% each yearThe degree increases, which is expected to reach 4.09×10 in 2030 8 the time of t,2050 will reach 5.28X10 8 t. Incineration disposal is an important disposal way for reducing, harmlessly and recycling urban household garbage, the storage quantity of the household garbage can be greatly reduced (about 90% of the volume is reduced) by incineration, but the household garbage still remains in the incineration ash by 20-30% by mass, most ash is simply landfilled at present, and the problem that the land for landfills is increasingly tense is solved, how to adopt proper technology to dispose ash and achieve the aims of stabilization, recycling and harmlessness becomes the current problem which must be faced.
At present, the recycling scheme of the incineration tailings mainly sorts and recycles useful substances, is used as building fillers of landfill covering materials, roadbeds, embankments and the like, is used for manufacturing wall bricks, floor tiles and the like, or is used for producing building materials which can be partially or fully utilized. Compared with the existing natural and artificial materials, the incineration tailings have low self strength, large porosity and more edges and corners, and the tailings have large individual difference in performance and poor performance stability, so that most of the processed tailings serve as filling materials for use, secondary efficient utilization of resources is not achieved, and effective recovery of secondary value is not achieved.
The invention combines the increasing of the sandstone aggregate required by the current urban development and construction and the policies of shortage of natural sandstone and environmental protection, so that the traditional raw materials such as various sources, living and industrial wastes and the like are utilized to replace the traditional raw materials as the production raw materials.
The application number is 201710115791.6, cement, fly ash, lightweight aggregate, water and a polycarboxylate water reducer are mixed, and then the lightweight aggregate is obtained after extrusion molding, maintenance, crushing and screening, but the problems are that: as the required raw materials are various, the raw material cost for preparing the lightweight aggregate is increased; the cement-based cementing material is utilized to form a multi-component raw material under the condition of cement coagulation and hardening, and then the cement-based cementing material is crushed to prepare the light concrete, so that a secondary interface and even a tertiary interface are formed, the phenomenon of alternation between a new interface and an old interface of cement paste and aggregate occurs, the mechanical property of the prepared light concrete interface is low due to the secondary cement coagulation and hardening forming process, the micro mechanical property discreteness is large, and the quality is difficult to ensure; the complicated lightweight aggregate production process and technology increase the process and process cost of lightweight aggregate preparation.
The application number 202010799021.X utilizes a jaw crusher to crush materials twice, and the jaw crusher mainly adopts a squeezing crushing mode and is accompanied by partial shearing, bending, stretching and other effects, so that the jaw crusher mainly aims at single particle crushing with large particle size. Adopting a single jaw crusher to perform twice crushing, wherein the aggregate particle size of the material is smaller during the second crushing, the crushing effect is deviated, and the utilization efficiency of the crusher is lower; the main crushing mode of the jaw crusher is crushing, so that the aggregate generated by crushing has multiple edges and corners, the irregular particle content is large, the particle type is poor, the workability of the aggregate used for concrete is poor, and the consumption of cementing materials is large.
The application number 202010990453.9 is a method for recycling waste incineration slag, the grain size distribution of slag lightweight aggregate cannot be adjusted by utilizing the incineration slag to prepare slag sand, and the sieving residue and accumulated sieving residue of each grain size lightweight aggregate can not be accurately designed according to national standard 17431.1-2010 light aggregate and test method thereof, so that the lightweight aggregate with excellent and stable performance can not be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of the existing household garbage incineration tailings and aggregates, the invention provides a method for preparing the lightweight aggregates by utilizing the household garbage incineration tailings as raw materials, and the method can reduce the preparation cost of the lightweight aggregates by sorting, impurity removal, particle size crushing adjustment and particle size distribution, can randomly adjust the particle size and particle size distribution of the lightweight aggregates, and can meet the actual requirements of the produced lightweight aggregates, reduce the production process, save the production cost and improve the process precision.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for preparing the lightweight aggregate by using the household garbage incineration tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Pre-sorting, primary impurity removal and primary vibration screening are sequentially carried out on the household garbage incineration tailings, so as to obtain a pre-treated material;
2) Primary crushing and primary vibration screening are carried out on the pretreated material to obtain a primary material with the diameter of less than 40mm;
3) Carrying out secondary separation, secondary impurity removal and secondary vibration screening on the primary materials to respectively obtain secondary materials with the particle size of 5-20mm and crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the particle size of less than 0.075 mm;
4) Carrying out secondary vertical shaft shaping and crushing on the materials with the grain diameter of 5-20mm in the step 3), then carrying out tertiary sorting, tertiary impurity removal and tertiary vibration screening to obtain tertiary materials with the grain diameter of 5-15 mm and crushed aggregates with the grain diameter of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the grain diameter of less than 0.075 mm;
5) Carrying out four-stage separation, four-stage impurity removal and four-stage vibration screening on the three-stage materials with the particle size of 5-15 mm in the step 4), the crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm in the step 3) and the crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm in the step 3), and sequentially screening out eight four-stage materials with different nominal particle sizes;
6) And (3) carrying out level weight reconstruction on eight kinds of four-level materials with different nominal particle diameters obtained in the step (5) according to the specification of the lightweight aggregate required by design.
Further, in the step 1), a manual sorting mode is adopted for the pre-sorting; the primary impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 10000 GS; the time of the primary vibration screening was 10min.
Further, in the step 3), the secondary separation is completed by a gravity separation device and a vortex separation device, the secondary impurity removal is performed by a dry drum magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 8000GS, and the secondary vibration screening time is 10min.
Further, in the step 4), the secondary vertical shaft shaping and crushing is performed by adopting a vertical shaft type impact crushing and shaping machine, and the tertiary vibration screening time is 15min; the three-stage separation is completed through a re-separation device or a vortex electric separation device; the three-stage impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 6000 GS.
Further, in the step 5), the fourth-stage separation is performed by a re-separation device or a vortex separation device; the fourth-stage impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 6000 GS; the four-stage vibration screening time is 15min.
Further, the rotating speed of the magnetic force roller of the dry roller magnetic separation device is 60-80 revolutions per minute, and the rolling time of the magnetic force roller is 8-10min.
Further, in the step 5), the nominal particle sizes of the four-stage materials are 150 μm, 300 μm, 600 μm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.0mm, respectively.
Further, the specific process of the step 6) is as follows:
6.1 Determining the nominal size fraction or fineness modulus M of the coarse and fine lightweight aggregates required for the design x ；
6.2 Four-grade materials with nominal particle diameters of 150 mu m, 300 mu m, 600 mu m, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.0mm are respectively calculated according to a fineness modulus calculation formula (1) of the grain composition of the tailings lightweight aggregate to obtain the accumulated screen surplus percentage A 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A n ；
Wherein: m is M x The fineness modulus is the grain size distribution of the lightweight aggregate; a is that 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A 8 Refers to the cumulative percent screen residue on 16.0mm,9.5 mm,4.75mm, …,150 μm square mesh screens, respectively;
6.3 According to the accumulated screen surplus percentage of the step 6.2), calculating the screen surplus a of the minute meter by the formula (2) 1 、a 2 、a 3 ……a n Thereby obtaining the weight corresponding to eight kinds of materials with different nominal particle diameters and four grades;
A n ＝a 1 +a 2 +a 3 +…+a n (2)
wherein: a is that n To accumulate the screen surplus percentage;n＝1,2,3…8；a n fractional screen surplus percentage;
6.4 Weighing the four-grade materials with the corresponding nominal particle sizes according to the weight calculated in the step 6.3), mixing and mechanically stirring for 10min to obtain the lightweight aggregate with the graded weight structure.
The lightweight aggregate prepared by the method for preparing the lightweight aggregate by utilizing the household garbage incineration tailings.
Further, the bulk density of the lightweight aggregate is 1000kg/m 3 ～1200kg/m 3 。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention firstly provides the lightweight aggregate with excellent quality and stable performance by using the household garbage incineration tailings as the raw material, solves the problem of digestion treatment of the increasingly-increased household garbage incineration tailings, combines the industrial problem of shortage of the current aggregate production raw material, creatively uses the solid waste tailings after the household garbage incineration power generation as the raw material for preparing the lightweight aggregate, and can reduce the preparation cost of the lightweight aggregate.
2. The invention takes the household garbage incineration tailings as raw materials, obtains four-level materials with different nominal particle diameters through multistage separation, impurity removal and particle crushing adjustment, and then further carries out stage weighting on the four-level material particles according to the required weight according to the specification requirements of the required lightweight aggregate, so that the produced lightweight aggregate can meet the actual requirements, the production process is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the process precision is improved.
3. When the grain type crushing and adjusting device is used for crushing tailings for the second time through the vertical shaft type crusher, loose materials in the tailings and loose parts on the tailings particles can be removed, the porosity of the tailings is reduced, and the pressure intensity of the tailings material cylinder is improved; meanwhile, the stone breaking process design of the vertical shaft crusher also achieves the purpose of shaping tailings, and the grain coefficient of the lightweight aggregate is improved.
4. According to the invention, continuous size fraction lightweight aggregate is prepared by single-particle-size lightweight aggregate, the traditional fineness modulus calculation formula is upgraded and improved, and size fractions of 9.5mm and 16.0mm are introduced according to the self properties of tailings materials, so that the full size of the lightweight aggregate can be calculatedMatched fineness modulus formulaNot only improves the range and the precision of quantitative calculation of the grain composition of the lightweight aggregate, but also ensures the performance stability of the lightweight aggregate with the same model, and is more beneficial to the industrial mass production and the application of the tailing lightweight aggregate.
5. The invention realizes the removal of metals, glass, bricks, tiles, stones, organic matters, powder and the like through four-stage impurity removal in the production process, thereby achieving the limitation of the lightweight aggregate as a building material product; the tailings are finally divided into the lightweight aggregates with different particle size grades through four-stage vibration screening, and meanwhile, the efficiency of the impurity removal procedure is improved through the screening procedure, so that the impurity removal effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the process of the invention
FIG. 2 is a grain index comparison of the tailings lightweight aggregate before and after treatment;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the trend comparison of the lightweight aggregate gradation curves of tailings before and after treatment;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of cylinder pressures of the tailings lightweight aggregate before and after treatment;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the slump results of concrete made from lightweight aggregate before and after treatment;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of concrete workability and water retention tests made with lightweight aggregates before and after treatment;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the compressive strength of concrete 28d made from the lightweight aggregate before and after treatment.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention collects and stacks tailings generated by incineration of municipal domestic waste at 1000 ℃, and the incineration tailings are subjected to pre-separation and impurity removal, and then are subjected to primary crushing and pre-screening to obtain pre-crushed materials; secondary sorting and impurity removal, and vibration screening to obtain a secondary material; secondary crushing and vibration screening are carried out on the secondary materials by using a vertical shaft crusher to obtain tertiary materials and crushed aggregates; carrying out stage counterweight construction after three-stage material winnowing and magnetic separation to obtain coarse lightweight aggregate and fine lightweight aggregateAnd (5) lightweight aggregate. The method uses the vertical shaft type crushing and shaping equipment to facilitate the removal, crushing and shaping of the loose structure on the surface of the lightweight aggregate and the materials with low self strength, thereby improving the grain coefficient of the lightweight aggregate; the grading reconstruction of the four-level material ensures the stable grain grading performance of the lightweight aggregate, and simultaneously utilizes an improved fineness modulus calculation formulaThe grain composition of the tailings lightweight aggregate is accurately calculated, so that the tailings lightweight aggregate can be a building material with stable standardized performance. The preparation method has the characteristics of environmental protection, simplicity, easiness, low price and the like, and has higher popularization value.
Examples
After the household garbage in a certain area is subjected to incineration power generation at 1000 ℃, the incineration tailings are collected and stacked, and the incineration tailings are accurately metered by a wagon balance and then are sent to a specified slag stacking place. In this example, the physical composition of the household garbage is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 physical composition of household refuse incineration tailings
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing lightweight aggregate by using the household garbage incineration tailings provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) Pre-sorting, primary impurity removal and primary vibration screening are sequentially carried out on the household garbage incineration tailings, so as to obtain a pre-treated material;
in the step 1), manual mode is adopted for pre-selection, and large-size bricks and tiles, large-size stones, large glass sheets, wire sundries and the like are removed mainly in a hammering, cutting and sorting mode; the primary impurity removal process adopts a mechanical mode and is carried out by adopting a dry magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 10000GS so as to remove iron impurities in tailings; the screen used for primary vibration screening adopts a square-hole screen, the screen hole size is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and the primary vibration screening time is 10min. The main purpose of the step is to remove unburned garbage and large-volume materials;
2) Primary crushing is carried out on the pretreated material to obtain a primary material with the diameter of less than 40mm;
the primary crushing is carried out by using a jaw crusher, and then primary vibration screening is carried out, wherein a square-hole screen is adopted as a screen for primary vibration screening, and the size of a screen hole is 40mm multiplied by 40mm; the primary material with the diameter of less than 40mm is obtained,
3) Carrying out secondary separation, secondary impurity removal and secondary vibration screening on the primary materials to respectively obtain secondary materials with the particle size of 5-20mm and crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the particle size of less than 0.075 mm;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out secondary separation and secondary impurity removal on primary materials, removing and recycling waste iron, waste aluminum, timber, glass products and organic fibers, carrying out secondary vibration screening on the secondary impurity-removed primary materials to obtain secondary materials with the particle size of 5-20mm and crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the particle size of 0.075mm or below;
specifically, in the step 3), the secondary separation is completed by using a re-separation device and a vortex separation device, and the secondary impurity removal is performed by adopting a dry drum magnetic separation device with the magnetic field strength not less than 8000GS so as to remove the waste iron materials in the primary materials, so that the removal effect of the waste iron materials is good, and the situation of the residual waste iron materials can be effectively reduced; removing non-magnetic metals by using a jigger and other gravity separation equipment and a vortex separation equipment; the removal of wood, plastic sundries and organic matters is realized by using a wind separation mode; the materials after secondary separation and secondary impurity removal are conveyed and screened by conveying equipment, and the materials pass through three layers of square hole screens in sequence during screening, wherein the screen hole sizes of the three layers of screens are 40mm multiplied by 40mm, 5mm multiplied by 5mm and 0.075mm multiplied by 0.075mm in sequence, and the secondary vibration screening time is 10min;
4) Carrying out secondary vertical shaft shaping and crushing on the materials with the grain diameter of 5-20mm in the step 3), then carrying out tertiary sorting, tertiary impurity removal and tertiary vibration screening to obtain tertiary materials with the grain diameter of 5-15 mm and crushed aggregates with the grain diameter of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the grain diameter of less than 0.075 mm;
the step is mainly to carry out a secondary vertical shaft type crushing and shaping machine on the materials with the grain diameter of 5-20mm in the step to obtain crushing and shaping and improve the barrel pressure intensity. Specifically, for the material with the grain size of 5-20mm, through two feeding modes of center feeding and waterfall feeding, a lining is formed around a beating guard plate of a crushing cavity by a centrifugal crushing mode of 'stone beating', and the material is impacted on the material lining to achieve the purposes of crushing and shaping.
Mainly because the grain morphology of the tailings materials with the grain diameter of 5-20mm is poor, the grain sizes are uneven, the sizes are different, and glass bodies and amorphous shapes exist; the content of the microbeads is low, so that the filling effect and morphological effect of tailings are deviated; therefore, when the tailings with the grain diameter of 5-20mm enter the vertical shaft crusher, the impeller rotating at high speed accelerates a part of the tailings, the high-speed ejected tailings collide with the other tailings lining layer formed in the vortex supporting cavity, loose and weak parts on the two parts of the tailings are separated or crushed, and the tailings impact the top of the vortex cavity upwards after rebound due to the fact that the tailings have multiple gravitational acceleration, and the tailings deflected downwards move and the continuous tailings curtain are rubbed and collided for multiple times. Because the sizes of the mutually collided and crushed tailings are different, each tailings material can receive concentrated friction of different energy materials, and weak components of different tailings of the tailings material particles are removed. Meanwhile, the high-frequency collision leads the surface of the tailings aggregate to be repeatedly rubbed for a plurality of times, thereby not only improving the particle strength, but also forming the tailings lightweight aggregate particles with higher approximate ellipsoids, greatly adjusting and reducing the particle type coefficient of the tailings lightweight aggregate, and improving the particle shape of the lightweight aggregate.
In the step, the vertical shaft crusher consists of a vertical shaft impact crusher, a vibrating screen, a dust removing module, a conveying module and the like, and the vertical shaft shaping crushing system enables the crushing main machine to have multiple effects of crushing, shaping, sand making and grading, so that the optimal crushing grain type is achieved. The material enters the vertical shaft crusher from the feed hopper and is divided into two parts by the distributor. Part of the liquid enters the impeller rotating at high speed from the middle of the distributor, and is rapidly accelerated in the impeller, and the acceleration can reach several times of gravity acceleration; then the air is thrown out from 3 evenly distributed flow passages of the impeller at the speed of 60-70 m/s; firstly, a part of materials which are automatically collected and fallen from the periphery of a distributor are impacted and crushed, then the materials are impacted onto a material lining in a vortex supporting cavity, the materials are rebounded by the material lining, the materials are impacted onto the top of a vortex moving cavity obliquely upwards, the moving direction of the materials is changed, the materials are deflected to move downwards, and a continuous material curtain is formed by the materials emitted from an impeller runner. Such a piece of material is subjected to twice in the vortex breaker chamber to multiple probability impacts, rubs and mill breaks. The crushed material is discharged from the lower discharge opening. In the whole crushing process, the materials are mutually and automatically impacted and crushed, and are not in direct contact with the metal element, but are impacted and rubbed with the material lining layer to be crushed, so that the corner pollution is reduced, and the mechanical abrasion time is prolonged. Ingenious air flow self-circulation in the vortex cavity eliminates dust pollution;
materials with the grain diameter of 5-20mm pass through a secondary vertical shaft type crushing shaper, are crushed and shaped and then are conveyed to three-stage vibration screening by using conveying equipment, three layers of square hole screens are sequentially arranged during screening, the screen mesh sizes of the three layers of screens are 40mm multiplied by 40mm, 5mm multiplied by 5mm and 0.075mm multiplied by 0.075mm, and the three-stage vibration screening time is 15min; obtaining a secondary material with the grain diameter of 5-20mm, crushed aggregates with the grain diameter of less than 5mm and a powdery material with the grain diameter of less than 0.075 mm;
the three-stage separation is completed through a re-separation device or a vortex electric separation device; the three-stage impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 6000 GS; the three-stage vibration screening time is 15min;
5) Carrying out four-stage separation, four-stage impurity removal and four-stage vibration screening on the three-stage materials with the particle size of 5-15 mm in the step 4), the crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm in the step 3) and the crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm in the step 3), and sequentially screening out eight four-stage materials with different nominal particle sizes;
in step 5), the four-stage separation is completed by a re-separation device or a vortex separation device; the fourth-stage impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 6000 GS; the magnetic separation device is integrated with the conveying device, then four-stage vibration screening is carried out, the four-stage vibration screening device comprises eight layers of square hole screens which are sequentially arranged from high to low, the sizes of the screens are respectively 150 mu m multiplied by 150 mu m, 300 mu m multiplied by 300 mu m, 600 mu m multiplied by 600 mu m, 1.18mm multiplied by 1.18mm, 2.36mm multiplied by 2.36mm, 4.75mm multiplied by 4.75mm, 9.5mm multiplied by 9.5mm and 16.00mm multiplied by 16.00mm, four-stage materials with nominal particle sizes of 150 mu m, 300 mu m, 600 mu m, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.00mm are respectively stacked and stored in a dry ventilation environment according to the nominal particle sizes, and the four-stage vibration screening time is 15min;
the rotation speed of the magnetic roller of the dry roller magnetic separation device adopted in the steps 1), 3) to 5) is 60-80 revolutions per minute, and the rolling time of the magnetic roller is 8-10min;
6) And (3) carrying out level reconstruction on the four-level material grading with eight different nominal particle diameters obtained in the step (5) according to the specification of the lightweight aggregate required by design. The specific process of the step 6) is as follows:
6.1 Determining the nominal size fraction or fineness modulus M of the coarse and fine lightweight aggregates required for the design x ；
6.2 6.2) for four-grade materials with nominal particle diameters of 150 mu m, 300 mu m, 600 mu m, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.0mm respectively, the cumulative screen surplus percentage A is calculated and obtained according to a fineness modulus calculation formula (1) of the grain composition of the tailings lightweight aggregate 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A n ；
Wherein: m is M x The fineness modulus is the grain size distribution of the lightweight aggregate; a is that 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A 8 Refers to the cumulative percent screen residue on 16.0mm,9.5 mm,4.75mm, …,150 μm square mesh screens, respectively;
specifically, when four-stage vibration screen is used, eight four-stage materials with different nominal particle diameters are obtained through a series of square hole screen meshes; the square hole screen has diameters of 150 μm, 300 μm, 600 μm, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.0mm; at this time A 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A 8 Refers to the cumulative percent screen residue on a square mesh screen passing 16.0mm,9.5 mm,4.75mm, …,150 μm;
in the specific step, the formula (1) is obtained by combining the specification of the grain size distribution of the lightweight coarse aggregate in GBT 17431.1, the specification of the fineness modulus of the lightweight fine aggregate in GBT 17431.1 and the design calculation formula of the fineness modulus of the lightweight fine aggregate;
6.3 According to the accumulated screen surplus percentage of the step 6.2), calculating the screen surplus a of the minute meter by the formula (2) 1 、a 2 、a 3 ……a n Thereby obtaining the weight corresponding to eight kinds of materials with different nominal particle diameters and four grades;
A n ＝a 1 +a 2 +a 3 +…+a n (2)
wherein: a is that n To accumulate the screen surplus percentage; n=1, 2,3 …; a, a n The screen surplus percentage is calculated according to the weight percentage of eight four-grade materials with nominal particle diameters of 16.0mm,9.50mm,4.75mm, … … and 150 mu m;
6.4 Weighing the four-grade materials with the corresponding nominal particle sizes according to the weight calculated in the step 6.3), mixing and mechanically stirring for 10min to obtain the lightweight aggregate with the graded weight structure.
In the step, the lightweight aggregate after the stage weight reconstruction is mixed according to the mass and then uniformly stirred. And uniformly stirring for 10min by adopting a machine to obtain the lightweight aggregate after the graded weight is constructed.
The step mainly comprises the steps of reconstructing coarse and fine lightweight aggregates with different fineness moduli and particle sizes by using four-level materials with different single-level nominal particle sizes, wherein the lightweight aggregates after the grading reconstruction need to be uniformly stirred, so that the defects of discontinuous grading and unstable grading intervals of lightweight aggregate products are overcome, and high-quality lightweight aggregates with different index requirements are produced, wherein the performance is stable and the grading is reasonable.
When the grade weight is reconstructed, the nominal grade or fineness modulus M of the required lightweight aggregate is determined x Calculating the accumulated screen residue by combining a design calculation formula (1) of the fineness modulus of the lightweight aggregate and an improved accumulated screen residue percentage range of each particle fraction (see table 2), and obtaining the screen residue of the separator and the weight of four-stage materials with different nominal particle diameters according to the calculation method of table 3, wherein the weight of the four-stage materials is shown in table 4;
table 2 shows the cumulative allowable screen residue ranges of A1, A2, A3 … … A8 for lightweight aggregates having a nominal size of 0 to 5mm in GBT 17431.1.
TABLE 2 cumulative screen residue of fine lightweight aggregate square-mesh sieve (mass/%)
Table 3 calculation method of screen residue
In the implementation, if three kinds of lightweight aggregates with fineness modulus of 2.8, 3.0 and 3.2 are required to be regulated, the proportion of each component is shown in table 5, and the test index of each type of the lightweight aggregates is shown in table 6.
Table 5 lightweight aggregate product grading composition of three fineness modulus
Table 6 test results of lightweight aggregate products
As can be seen from the above results, the bulk density specified in JGJ12-2006 technical Specification for lightweight aggregate concrete construction is not more than 1200kg/m 3 Is called as lightweight aggregate, and the lightweight aggregate prepared by the method of the embodiment meets the national standard requirement.
Furthermore, the invention adopts different sizes of lightweight aggregates, adopts a quartering sampling method and is 100m 3 For one batch, the heavy metal concentration of each particle size lightweight aggregate product was measured by using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, and concrete samples were ground into powder by using a ball millAnd then sieving with a 200-mesh sieve, dissolving the sample in a closed sample dissolver by using hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, evaporating to remove the hydrofluoric acid on an electric heating plate, sealing and dissolving by using 3mol/L nitric acid, diluting, and directly measuring by using an ICP-MS external standard method. The results of the lightweight aggregate test are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 detection results of harmful elements of lightweight aggregate prepared by incinerating tailings
As can be seen from the results in table 7, the heavy metal content in the lightweight aggregate prepared by the method in this embodiment is within the allowable range of national regulations, which indicates that the method of the present invention can ensure that the lightweight aggregate product meets the national environmental safety requirements when leaving the factory for use, and simultaneously prevent the problems of unstable heavy metal content of the lightweight aggregate and excessive heavy metal content of the lightweight aggregate product caused by regions and time.
Further, in order to illustrate the preparation method of the present invention and the properties of the prepared lightweight aggregate, the following test was conducted.
Test 1 grain coefficients
Test group: five lightweight aggregate products with fineness modulus of 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, continuous size fraction of 5-10 and single size fraction of 10-16 after secondary crushing and shaping;
comparison group: untreated tailings lightweight aggregate
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the test and comparison groups were sampled 1L to 2L using a vernier caliper, and 50 particles were randomly picked out by dividing by a random method. The length-wise maximum and the minimum dimension at the middle section of each particle were then measured with a vernier caliper, with an accuracy of 1mm. The particle type coefficient of each particle is calculated as in formula (3) to the nearest 0.1.
In the above, K e ' is the particle size coefficient of each aggregate; d (D) max Is the length-direction maximum size of aggregate particlesUnits are millimeters (mm); d (D) min Is the smallest dimension of the intermediate section of the aggregate particles, in millimeters (mm).
The average grain type coefficient of the aggregate is calculated according to the formula (4),
in the above, K e Is the average grain type coefficient of the aggregate; k (K) e ′ ,i The particle type coefficient of a certain particle; n is the particle type coefficient of the particle being measured, n=50.
The particle type coefficients of the test group and the comparison group are obtained through the calculation, and the result is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the grain type coefficient of the lightweight aggregate which is not subjected to secondary vertical shaft shaping and crushing is 2.3, and 17431.1-2010 'lightweight aggregate and test method thereof' prescribes that the grain type coefficient is not more than 2, and the grain type coefficient of the tailings lightweight aggregate before the treatment does not meet the standard requirement. Five lightweight aggregate products with fineness modulus of 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, continuous grain size of 5-10 and single grain size of 10-16 after secondary crushing and shaping, grain type coefficients are all smaller than 2, and the basic requirements of national specifications are met. The vertical shaft is used for breaking the broken stone by impact, so that the probability that the protruding position of the tip of the aggregate in the long direction is subjected to contact striking is higher, and meanwhile, the tip is weaker than the radial position, so that the length-diameter ratio of the lightweight aggregate is effectively improved, the sphericity of the lightweight aggregate is improved, and the particle type coefficient is reduced.
Test 2 particle size distribution
The method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the specification of lightweight aggregate grain composition in 17431.1-2010 'lightweight aggregate and test method thereof', after the modification of the tailings property, the cumulative screen residue range of 16.0mm for square hole sieve aperture is 0, the cumulative screen residue range of 9.5mm for square hole sieve aperture is 0-5%, the cumulative screen residue range of 4.75mm for square hole sieve aperture is 0-10%, the cumulative screen residue range of 2.36mm for square hole sieve aperture is 10% -35%, the cumulative screen residue range of 1.18mm for square hole sieve aperture is 20% -60%, the cumulative screen residue range of 0.6mm for square hole sieve aperture is 30% -80%, the cumulative screen residue range of 0.3mm for square hole sieve aperture is 65% -90%, and the cumulative screen residue range of 0.15mm for square hole sieve aperture is 75% -100%. See in particular fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 3, the upper limit represents the maximum cumulative screen allowable for each particle size, and the lower limit represents the minimum cumulative screen allowable for each particle size. The curve in which the fineness modulus is 4.2 represents the distribution of the grain size distribution of the untreated lightweight aggregate. If the curve of accumulated screen residue is between the upper limit curve and the lower limit curve, the grain composition of the lightweight aggregate meets the requirement of 0-9.5mm nominal grain size, and the lightweight aggregate can be used as a lightweight aggregate product; if the curve of accumulated screen residue is above the upper limit curve, the grain size distribution of the lightweight aggregate does not meet the requirement of 0-9.5mm nominal grain size, and the lightweight aggregate cannot be used as a lightweight aggregate product; if the curve of accumulated screen residue is below the lower limit curve, the grain size distribution of the lightweight aggregate does not meet the requirement of 0-9.5mm, and the lightweight aggregate cannot be used as the nominal grain size of the lightweight aggregate product.
Test 3 barrel pressure Strength (FIG. 4)
The method specifically comprises the following steps: screening 5L of 5-10 or 5-20 nominal size samples by using equipment such as a pressure-bearing cylinder, a press, a tray level, a drying box and the like, wherein the volume content of the 10-15 nominal size samples is 50% -70%. And loading the prepared sample into a pressure-bearing cylinder with a cylinder bottom to be higher than a cylinder opening, placing the pressure-bearing cylinder on a concrete test vibration table for vibrating for 3s, reloading the sample to be higher than the cylinder opening, placing the sample on the vibration table for vibrating for 5s, and scraping the sample after the cylinder is leveled. And (3) installing the guide cylinder and the stamping die, so that the lower scale mark of the stamping die is aligned with the upper edge of the guide cylinder. The pressure-bearing cylinder is placed on a lower pressing plate of the press machine, is aligned with the center of the pressing plate and is loaded at a constant speed of 300N-500N per second. The pressure value was noted when the press-molding person depth was 20 mm. The cylinder pressure of the lightweight aggregate was calculated according to formula (5), and the result is shown in fig. 4.
In the above, f e The cylinder pressure strength of aggregate is expressed in megapascals (MPa); p (P) 1 The pressure value at a press-in depth of 20mm is in newtons (N); p (P) 2 The quality of the stamping die is improved,the unit is newton (N); f bearing area (i.e. stamping die area F=10000 mm 2 )。
As can be seen from fig. 4: the barrel pressure intensity after secondary crushing and shaping is obviously lower than that of unshaped aggregate, because the weak part and the particle coefficient of the shaped lightweight aggregate are reduced, the structure of the aggregate is more stable, the sphericity similarity is higher, the geometric stability of the aggregate is improved, and the barrel pressure intensity of the lightweight aggregate is obviously improved.
Test 4 concrete slump (FIG. 5)
The method specifically comprises the following steps: concrete slump refers to workability of concrete, specifically, to ensure normal progress of construction, including water retention, fluidity and cohesiveness of concrete. Three kinds of water-cement ratios of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 were set, the shaped and graded lightweight aggregates were used as variables, the test mix ratios are shown in table 8, and the test results are shown in fig. 5.
TABLE 8 concrete mix/kg/m 3
| Project | Cement and its preparation method | Fly ash | Mineral powder | Silica fume | Sand and sand | Stone | Water and its preparation method | Water reducing agent |
| LC3 | 265 | 106 | 106 | 53 | 612 | 749 | 159 | 11 |
| LC4 | 215 | 86 | 86 | 43 | 623 | 825 | 172 | 9 |
| LC5 | 108 | 66 | 66 | 33 | 700 | 855 | 165 | 7 |
As can be seen from fig. 5: the slump of the concrete prepared from the treated aggregate is obviously improved, and the concrete has an effect of improving the working performance of the concrete with three water-cement ratios.
Among them, the improvement of workability and water retention property of concrete is particularly remarkable, and both tests are shown in fig. 6. Concrete was prepared using the mix ratio of LC4, fig. 6 (a) being concrete formulated using untreated lightweight aggregate, and fig. 6 (b) being concrete formulated using treated lightweight aggregate. The slump of the concrete prepared from the untreated lightweight aggregate is measured to be 45mm, and the slump of the concrete prepared from the treated lightweight aggregate is measured to be 195mm. Only the slump of the lightweight aggregate concrete, which is treated or not, is improved by three times before the treatment, as a variable.
Test 5 concrete 28 day compressive Strength (FIG. 7)
The method specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out compression test on each group of 3 blocks by using a WHY-3000Z microcomputer control compression testing machine after curing the formed 100mm cube compression test blocks in a standard curing room for 28 days, and calculating the compression strength of the test piece according to a formula (6).
In the above, F cc The compressive strength (MPa) of the concrete cube test piece is shown; f represents a test piece breaking load (N); a represents the pressure-bearing area (mm) of the test piece 2 )。
At the time of the test, three water-gel ratios of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 were set, respectively, and the results are shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from fig. 7: the 28d compressive strength of the concrete with the three water-cement ratios is higher than that of the untreated aggregate, which shows that the grain coefficient and grain composition of the aggregate are improved, so that the compressive strength of the concrete can be improved, and the mechanical property of the concrete can be improved by utilizing the innovative thought of vertical shaft two-break and grading reconstruction.
Claims (3)
1. The method for preparing the lightweight aggregate by using the household garbage incineration tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Pre-sorting and primarily removing impurities from the household garbage incineration tailings in sequence to obtain a pre-treated material;
2) Primary crushing and primary vibration screening are carried out on the pretreated material to obtain a primary material with the diameter of less than 40mm;
3) Carrying out secondary separation, secondary impurity removal and secondary vibration screening on the primary materials to respectively obtain secondary materials with the particle size of 5-20mm and crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the particle size of less than 0.075 mm;
4) Carrying out secondary vertical shaft shaping and crushing on the materials with the grain diameter of 5-20mm in the step 3), then carrying out tertiary sorting, tertiary impurity removal and tertiary vibration screening to obtain tertiary materials with the grain diameter of 5-15 mm and crushed aggregates with the grain diameter of less than 5mm, and removing powdery materials with the grain diameter of less than 0.075 mm; the secondary vertical shaft shaping and crushing is performed by a vertical shaft type impact crushing and shaping machine;
5) Carrying out four-stage separation, four-stage impurity removal and four-stage vibration screening on the three-stage materials with the particle size of 5-15 mm in the step 4), the crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm in the step 3) and the crushed aggregates with the particle size of less than 5mm in the step 3), and sequentially screening out eight four-stage materials with different nominal particle sizes; in the step 5), four-grade materials with nominal particle diameters of 150 mu m, 300 mu m, 600 mu m, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.00mm are respectively prepared;
6) Performing a stage weighting structure on eight kinds of four-stage materials with different nominal particle diameters obtained in the step 5) according to the specification of the lightweight aggregate required by design;
the specific process of the step 6) is as follows:
6.1 Determining the nominal size fraction or fineness modulus M of the coarse and fine lightweight aggregates required for the design x ；
6.2 Four-grade materials with nominal particle diameters of 150 mu m, 300 mu m, 600 mu m, 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm and 16.0mm are respectively calculated according to a fineness modulus calculation formula (1) of the grain composition of the tailings lightweight aggregate to obtain the accumulated screen surplus percentage A 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A n ；
Wherein: m is M x The fineness modulus is the grain size distribution of the lightweight aggregate; a is that 1 、A 2 、A 3 ……A 8 Respectively refer toCumulative percent screen residue on 16.0mm,9.5 mm,4.75mm, …,150 μm square mesh screen;
6.3 According to the accumulated screen surplus percentage of the step 6.2), calculating the screen surplus a of the minute meter by the formula (2) 1 、a 2 、a 3 ……a n Thereby obtaining the weight corresponding to eight kinds of materials with different nominal particle diameters and four grades;
A n ＝a 1 +a 2 +a 3 +…+a n (2)
wherein: a is that n To accumulate the screen surplus percentage; n=1, 2,3 …; a, a n Fractional screen surplus percentage;
6.4 Weighing four-grade materials with corresponding nominal particle sizes according to the weight calculated in the step 6.3), mixing and mechanically stirring for 10min to obtain the lightweight aggregate with the graded weight structure;
in the step 1), a manual sorting mode is adopted for pre-sorting; the primary impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 10000 GS; the time of primary vibration screening is 10min;
in the step 3), secondary separation is completed by a gravity separation device and a vortex separation device, secondary impurity removal is performed by a dry drum magnetic separation device with magnetic field intensity not less than 8000GS, and secondary vibration screening time is 10min;
in the step 4), the three-stage vibration screening time is 15min; the three-stage separation is completed through a re-separation device or a vortex electric separation device; the three-stage impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 6000 GS;
in the step 5), the four-stage separation is finished by a re-separation device or a vortex electric separation device; the fourth-stage impurity removal is carried out by adopting a dry roller magnetic separation device with the magnetic field intensity not less than 6000 GS; the fourth-stage vibration screening time is 15min;
the rotating speed of the magnetic force roller of the dry roller magnetic separation device is 60-80 revolutions per minute, and the rolling time of the magnetic force roller is 8-10min.
2. A lightweight aggregate prepared by the method for preparing lightweight aggregate using household garbage incineration tailings according to claim 1.
3. The lightweight aggregate of claim 2, wherein the lightweight aggregate has a bulk density of 1000kg/m 3 ～1200kg/m 3 。
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