CN113994968B - 一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂及应用 - Google Patents
一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
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Abstract
本发明一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂及应用，具体涉及一种生物农药复配物，它以寡聚半乳糖醛酸和多抗菌素复配作为活性成分。其中，寡聚半乳糖醛酸的质量百分比为5‑10％，多抗菌素的质量百分比为4‑20％,农药助剂1.5‑8％，填料1.5‑77％，溶剂0‑88％。该复配杀菌剂可广泛应用于防治小麦、蔬菜或果树等的真菌病害，对植物具有保护和治疗的作用，表现出良好的抗菌活性。试验证明本发明所提供的复配杀菌剂既具有诱抗活性，又具有杀菌活性，且杀菌谱广、使用成本低、对植物及环境使用安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物农药复配技术领域，涉及一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂及应用，尤其涉及一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸与多抗菌素复配杀菌剂及其在防治植物病原菌上的应用。
背景技术
现代科学技术的进步与农业的发展，促进了人民生活水平的不断提高。但是在过去很长一段时间内，化学农药的肆意滥用，造成了农产品和环境的污染、害虫再猖獗及有害生物抗药性的产生等，成为农业可持续发展的障碍和社会公害。为了从根本上改变这种现状，必须寻找高效、低毒或无毒、低残留或无残留的生物农药。
寡聚半乳糖醛酸主要是指由D-半乳糖醛酸通过α-1,4糖苷键连接组成的功能性低聚糖，分子式为(C6H10O7)n，聚合度n为2-10。寡聚半乳糖醛酸不仅能够诱导植物的防御反应和对植物病原菌的体外抑菌，还可以调节植物的生长和发育。此外，寡聚半乳糖醛酸具有相对分子量小、低毒、水溶性好和吸收性强等优点。
多抗菌素(Polyoxins)又称多抗霉素、多效霉素等，分子式为C17H25N5O13，其以高效性、安全性被作为农用杀菌剂，广泛应用于防治番茄灰霉病、水稻纹枯病和梨黑斑病等植物真菌病害，对病原真菌表现出极强的抑制作用。其作用机理是抑制真菌细胞壁中几丁质的合成，多抗菌素与几丁质合成酶的底物——尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡糖胺结构相类似，是底物的竞争性抑制剂。尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡糖胺在几丁质合成酶的作用下催化合成几丁质，几丁质是真菌细胞壁的重要组成成分，几丁质合成受阻，致使病原菌局部膨胀、破裂溢出细胞基质，最终导致菌体死亡，达到防治植物病害的目的。多抗菌素属于低毒、无毒性杀菌剂，其易溶于水，稳定性好。
寡聚半乳糖醛酸作为植物免疫激活因子，可以诱导植保素的产生，提高植物的抗病能力。多抗菌素是能够抑制昆虫和真菌细胞壁中几丁质合成的高效杀菌剂。寡聚半乳糖醛酸和多抗菌素的作用机理不同，若将二者按一定比例科学复配，所得杀菌剂“内外协同”，既可以诱导植物内部免疫力增强，又可以提高外部的杀菌效果。该复配杀菌剂扩大了产品的杀菌谱，适用范围广、防治效果好，大大降低了对环境的不良影响，病原菌不易产生抗药性。
有一篇专利报道了噻霉酮与抗菌素的复配杀菌剂(申请号：201510887275.6)，主要为噻霉酮与抗菌素(春雷霉素、多抗菌素和井岗霉素)的可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂及其应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了改进现有技术的不足而提供一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂，本发明的另一目的是提供上述寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂的应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂，其特征在于：其组分和各组分的质量百分含量分别为：寡聚半乳糖醛酸5-10％，多抗菌素4-20％，农药助剂1.5-8％，填料1.5-77％，溶剂0-88％。
所述寡聚半乳糖醛酸为果胶的降解产物，由D-半乳糖醛酸通过α-1,4糖苷键连接组成，分子式为(C6H10O7)n，聚合度n为2-10。
优选所述的农药助剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚、十二烷基磺酸钠、木质磺酸钙或木质磺酸钠中的一种或两种以上；所述的填料为尿素、白炭黑、高岭土、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁或乳糖中的一种或两种以上；所述的溶剂为水。
优选复配杀菌剂剂型为可溶液剂、可湿性粉剂或泡腾剂中的一种
本发明还提供了上述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂在防治植物真菌性病害中的应用。复配杀菌剂所述复配杀菌剂可用于防治小麦、蔬菜或果树的真菌病害。优选上述寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂可用于防治黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病、苹果灰斑病、番茄灰霉病和小麦赤霉病等中的一种或二种以上，尤其在防治番茄灰霉病中的应用。
上述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸和多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂体积稀释800-1500倍施用。
本发明所述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸与多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂在一些植物病害的药效优于噻霉酮与多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂，且寡聚半乳糖醛酸相较于噻霉酮绿色无毒。本发明所述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸与多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂作为防治植物病原菌新型农药未见文献和专利报道。
有益效果：
1.本发明所述的复配杀菌剂“内外协同”，既可以诱导植物内部免疫力增强，又可以提高外部的杀菌效果。
2.本发明所述的复配杀菌剂扩大了产品的杀菌谱，适用范围广、防治效果好。
3.本发明所述的复配杀菌剂含有绿色植物免疫激活因子寡聚半乳糖醛酸，减少了化学农药的用量和成本，大大降低了对环境的不良影响，且病原菌不易产生抗药性，具有良好的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于此，实施例中的剂型制备方法均为常规方法。以下例子中涉及的寡聚半乳糖醛酸均为果胶的降解产物，由D-半乳糖醛酸通过α-1,4糖苷键连接组成，分子式为(C6H10O7)n，聚合度n为2-10。
实施例1：9％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素可溶液剂制备
9％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素可溶液剂，包括按重量计的下述组分：5％寡聚半乳糖醛酸(聚合度n为2-10)，4％多抗菌素，0.5％壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚乳化剂NP-10，1％烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚，1.5％尿素和88％水。将上述组分进行混合溶解后，得到9％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素可溶液剂。
实施例2：15％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素可湿性粉剂制备
15％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素可湿性粉剂，包括按重量计的下述组分：5％寡聚半乳糖醛酸(聚合度n为2-10)，10％多抗菌素，3％十二烷基磺酸钠，5％木质磺酸钙，4％白炭黑和73％高岭土。将上述组分进行气流粉碎后，得到15％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素可湿性粉剂。
实施例3：25％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素泡腾剂制备
20％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素泡腾剂，包括按重量计的下述组分：10％寡聚半乳糖醛酸(聚合度n为2-10)，15％多抗菌素，2％木质磺酸钠，18％硬脂酸，3％硬脂酸镁，2.5％水和49.5％乳糖。将上述组分进行气流粉碎后，粉末直接压片得到20％寡聚半乳糖醛酸-多抗菌素泡腾剂。
实施例4：复配杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的药效试验
将本发明实施例1-3得到的3种复配杀菌剂进行药效试验，采用寡聚半乳糖醛酸、多抗菌素水剂以及10％噻霉酮+15％多抗菌素作阳性对照，清水作阴性对照(CK)。
将实施例1-3的复配杀菌剂以及单剂配制成所需浓度。试验前在番茄田设相应的单剂和空白对照，具体施用活性有效成分浓度见表1，每亩每次喷施药液60kg。在病害发生初期，采用手提式喷雾器常规、常量喷雾，每种药剂喷50株。第1次施药后7-10d再施药1次。第2次施药后10-15d，调查挂牌番茄植株病害情况。每株调查全部复叶，按各复叶上病斑面积占整个复叶面积的百分率划分病级。0级：无病斑；1级：病斑面积/整个复叶面积≦5％；3级：6％≦病斑面积/整个复叶面积≦10％；5级：11％≦病斑面积/整个复叶面积≦25％；7级：26％≦病斑面积/整个复叶面积≦50％；9级：病斑面积/整个复叶面积≧51％。
病情指数＝Σ(各级病叶数×相对病级数值)/(调查总叶数×9)×100％
防治效果(％)＝[(对照区病情指数-处理区病情指数)/对照区病情指数]×100％表1寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病害的田间效果
如表1所示，寡聚半乳糖醛酸与多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的药效优于相应单剂的药效，表明复配杀菌剂具有明显的协同增效作用。同时，实施例3产品在病情指数远大于阳性对照组(10％噻霉酮+15％多抗菌素)的情况下，对番茄灰霉病的防效相近，说明了寡聚半乳糖醛酸与多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的药效优于噻霉酮与多抗菌素的复配杀菌剂。
Claims (6)
1.一种寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂，其特征在于：其组分和各组分的质量百分含量分别为：寡聚半乳糖醛酸5-10％，多抗菌素4-20％，农药助剂1.5-8％，填料1.5-77％，溶剂0-88％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂，其特征在于：所述的农药助剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚、十二烷基磺酸钠、木质磺酸钙或木质磺酸钠中的一种或两种以上；所述的填料为尿素、白炭黑、高岭土、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁或乳糖中的一种或两种以上；所述的溶剂为水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂，其特征在于：寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂剂型为可溶液剂、可湿性粉剂或泡腾剂中的一种。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂在防治植物真菌性病害中的应用。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂在防治番茄灰霉病中的应用。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述应用，其特征在于：将寡聚半乳糖醛酸复配杀菌剂体积稀释800-1500倍施用。
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