CN113994529A - 壳体、电池单体和用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法 - Google Patents

壳体、电池单体和用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法 Download PDF

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CN113994529A
CN113994529A CN202080044156.3A CN202080044156A CN113994529A CN 113994529 A CN113994529 A CN 113994529A CN 202080044156 A CN202080044156 A CN 202080044156A CN 113994529 A CN113994529 A CN 113994529A
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housing
layer
wall
battery cell
housing according
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S·拉克斯
L·迪格尔曼
M·施罗德
J·弗里德尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/202—Casings or frames around the primary casing of a single cell or a single battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C53/02—Bending or folding
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    • B29C53/063—Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring combined with folding
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
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    • B21D51/06—Making hollow objects characterised by the structure of the objects folded objects
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种壳体、尤其电池壳体，其包括壁，其中，所述壁至少区域地由多层的材料制成，并且所述壁包围布置空间，该布置空间通过弯曲所述材料形成。

Description

壳体、电池单体和用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及壳体、尤其是电池壳体、电池单体、铝复合板的用途和用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法。
背景技术
电能量存储器、例如电池单体、如在机动车牵引电池中使用的锂离子电池单体通常具有金属壳体。DE 102012213868 A1例如公开了一种具有金属壳体的电池，其中，该金属壳体的外表面具有绝缘涂层，该绝缘涂层以一层或多层被施加并且与电池的金属外表面固定连接。电池单体壳体的绝缘例如可借助下述方法进行：气动喷漆、浸漆、辊涂、移印或丝网印刷、静电喷涂、无机成分热喷涂或阳极氧化连同随后的再压缩和/或密封。本来的壳体形状例如通过深拉来实现。总的来说，这导致非常昂贵且复杂的制造过程。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供壳体、电池单体、铝复合板的用途和用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法，它们进一步改进了已知解决方案并且尤其是在制造电存储器的壳体方面简化了方法并降低了成本。
所述任务通过根据权利要求1所述的壳体、根据权利要求11所述的电池单体、根据权利要求13所述的用途和根据权利要求14所述的方法来解决。其它优点和特征由从属权利要求以及说明书和附图给出。
根据本发明，壳体、尤其是电池壳体或概括来说用于电能的存储器壳体包括壁，其中，所述壁至少区域地、根据一种实施方式也可完全地由多层的材料制成，并且所述壁包围布置空间，该布置空间通过弯曲所述材料形成。此外，术语“弯曲”在此优选主要包括将材料折叠、折弯、弯边、辊压和/或滚轧至希望的形状。
适宜的是，所述材料是板状或面状的原材料。有利的是，该原材料通过弯曲达到希望的形状，在例如用于锂离子电池单体的棱柱形壳体的情况下尤其是通过折叠或弯边达到希望的形状，或者在圆形电池单体的情况下尤其是通过滚轧或辊压达到希望的形状。
适宜的是，所述多层的材料是包括至少两层的层状材料，第一层基于金属材料或金属、尤其是铝材料，并且第二层基于塑料材料。因此适宜的是，电池单体壳体所需的电绝缘已经在原材料中提供。尤其是，第二层用于提供希望的电绝缘效果。适宜的是，在形成本来的壳体几何形状之后不需要进一步的绝缘步骤。更优选地，设置多个第一层和/或第二层。
在此，弯曲过程本身可保护性地进行，使得在成型过程中也不会破坏或损坏绝缘。
根据一种实施方式，层状材料区域地或区段地具有不同的层数。由此例如可提供如下壳体，该壳体的底板仅由金属制成或者说仅包括金属层、尤其是第一层。因此，多层的材料也可区域地仅具有一层。在原材料的制造过程中已经可考虑不同的层数。作为替代方案，也可事后区域地或区段地去除一层或多层。
根据一种实施方式，壳体并非完全由多层的材料制成。底板例如可留空并且通过事后设置的部件、如金属板、尤其是铝板形成。
根据一种实施方式，所述壁设计为，使得邻接布置空间的内层是第一层并且朝向外部的外层是第二层。换言之，根据一种实施方式，铝层朝向内部，而塑料层朝向外部。
另一个优点是：弯曲既可通过机器也可手动实现。在这方面，这种壳体以及后面提到的方法最佳地适合于原型生产和批量生产。
根据一种实施方式，所述材料或者说原材料是铝复合板。根据一种优选实施方式，铝复合板具有三层，外层由铝制成或基于铝材料，并且设置在其间的中间层基于塑料材料、如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP)或上述材料的混合物。也优选的是替代的塑料或复合材料，其例如设计用于提供尤其是电气的绝缘效果。优选复合板的典型壁厚例如在约0.3至2.5毫米的范围内、尤其是在约0.5至1.5毫米的范围内，在此是指总厚度。优选的复合材料也以“Dibond”(品牌)名称已知。
适宜的是，复合板可通过弯边形成为壳体。加工例如借助折弯台、折弯机、辊弯机等进行。根据一种实施方式，在折叠或弯曲或弯边之前，沿着折叠或弯曲线制造凹口、如凹槽、优选V形凹槽，以便能够实现窄的弯曲或棱边半径并且不损坏相对较硬的原材料。
作为替代方案，复合板具有两层、如铝层和塑料层，或复合板具有多于三层。
适宜的是，复合材料是具有稳定性或强度的原材料。原材料例如是板状的。作为替代方案，复合材料或层状材料、如薄膜也可用作原材料，其在弯曲后例如通过适合的温度作用才变成固定的或者说永久的形状。
弯曲本身也可在温度的影响下进行，以促进弯曲本身或简化过程和/或在成型过程中保护材料。
根据一种实施方式，所述壁具有至少一个接合位置，并且材料的一层或多层在所述接合位置处尤其是材料锁合地连接/接合。在棱柱形壳体的情况下，所述至少一个接合位置尤其是位于壳体的棱边上。接合过程在此可根据待连接的层不同地构造。例如铝层通过焊接连接，而各塑料层粘接。作为替代方案，所有层也可相互粘合。棱柱形壳体例如具有四个接合位置，当壳体竖立时，这些接合位置构成在垂直延伸的棱边上。
优选地，所述壁中的层尤其是也越过接合位置构造成连续/环绕地封闭的。因此尤其是可提供可靠且环绕的绝缘效果。
根据一种实施方式，所述材料在所述至少一个接合位置处例如斜接地接合。作为替代方案，所述层也可对接地相互贴靠。如已经提到的那样，所述至少一个接合位置或多个接合位置尤其是设置在后来的壳体的棱边或棱边区域中。作为替代方案，接合位置也可设置在表面区域中、尤其是在侧壁上或底板元件上。
根据一种实施方式，所述壳体包括设计用于封闭壳体的开口的盖元件，所述盖元件由所述多层的材料、尤其是由与壳体的其余部分相同的材料制成。盖元件例如包括后来的电池单体的极。
根据一种实施方式，所述盖元件形锁合地贴靠在开口上，使得材料的层连续/环绕地封闭。由此可以适宜的方式实现最佳的绝缘效果。
根据一种实施方式，例如在圆形电池单体的情况下，也可设置多个盖元件，以提供封闭的布置空间。
本发明还涉及一种包括根据本发明的壳体的电池单体。
根据一种优选实施方式，所述壳体是棱柱形电池壳体或电池单体壳体。但尤其是可通过非常灵活的弯曲过程随时实现与此不同的替代几何形状。也可非常快速地实现尺寸调整或者说尺寸变化。
根据一种优选实施方式，所述壁的层连接到电池的不同电位上。根据一种优选实施方式，金属内层被置于正(或负)端子的电位上，金属外层被置于端子电压或OCV(开路电压)上。作为中间层优选设置尤其是用于绝缘的塑料层。由此可有利地显示感觉缺失。
本发明还涉及铝复合板用于制造用于电能量存储器、尤其是锂离子电池单体的壳体的用途。
此外，本发明还涉及一种用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法，其包括下述步骤：
-提供多层的材料；
-通过弯曲所述材料形成布置空间。
对于用途以及对于方法，结合壳体和电池单体提及的优点和特征类似地并且相应地适用，反之亦然并且彼此适用。尤其是弯曲涉及折叠、弯边、折弯、辊压和/或滚轧。原材料、如复合板的弯曲、如折叠提供了确保特别均匀和限定的绝缘层的可能性。因此，可实现非常高的制造精度。此外，应提及该方法在电池单体尺寸方面的灵活性。例如在传统方法、如深拉或挤压中，当改变电池单体几何形状时会产生非常高的工具成本，而这在弯曲时非常容易实现。
根据一种实施方式，该方法包括下述步骤：
-在形成壁之前在材料中引入折叠线和/或缝槽。
根据一种实施方式，沿折叠线或弯曲线在原材料中引入例如凹槽形式的凹口。这在坚硬的材料/原材料、如复合板的情况下尤为有利，因为由此可实现窄的弯曲半径。此外，材料在成型过程中受到保护。如果后来的壁形成90°角，则特别优选的是V形凹槽。
附图说明
其它优点和特征由参考附图的下述实施例说明给出。在此在本发明的范围内不同的特征可相互组合。附图如下：
图1示出材料的三种实施方式，所述材料被弯曲成壳体；
图2示出壳体的一种实施方式的示意图；
图3示出壳体的一种实施方式的另一示意图；
图4示出在被弯曲成壳体之前原材料的一种实施方式的示意图以及相应的细节图；
图5示出原材料的另一种实施方式；
图6示出原材料的另一种实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1在图的左半部分中示出材料10或者说原材料的三种不同实施方式。材料10分别构造成多层的。第一层11例如由铝或铝合金制成。第二层12例如由塑料材料、如PP或PE制成。材料10或者说原材料被弯曲成壳体，如在图的右半部分中所示。附图标记20在此表示相应壳体的壁。布置空间A设置用于布置电池单体的电气部件、如电极等。右边最上面的变型方案示出一种实施方式，在其中壁20在其内侧具有铝层并且在外侧具有绝缘层。这种设计恰恰对于锂离子电池单体是最佳的。作为替代方案，也可实现一种如右边中间所示的实施方式。作为进一步的替代方案，特别优选三层或多层的原材料、如铝复合板，参见下方或者说右下方的实施方式。优选地，例如金属层被置于电池单体的不同电位上。
图2示出壳体的另一种实施方式，其包括壁20，该壁由多层的材料、尤其是由三层材料制成，所述壁20包围布置空间A。此外，壁20还形成一个开口24，该开口借助盖元件26封闭或可封闭。图的右半部分示出被封闭的图示。图2尤其是示出盖元件26有利地由与壳体自身的壁20相同的原材料或者说相同的材料制成。开口24和盖元件26在此构造成彼此一致的，使得所述层在壳体的封闭状态中——参照图的右半部分——环绕地封闭。
图3示出壳体的另一种实施方式，在此基本特征由图2已知。仅壁20的开口24和盖元件26之间的接触位置在此不同地构造。因此，在此各个层彼此对接地贴靠，而不是如图2中那样斜接或者说成45°角。但由此也可实现有利的、环绕的层结构。
图4在图的左半部分示出尤其是板状的材料10的一种实施方式10。原材料在此已经被切割为，使得可以看出后来的壳体的所有部分。这尤其是后来的壳体的底板28和相应的侧壁30。附图标记14表示弯曲线或折叠线，材料10在后来的方法步骤中沿所述弯曲线或折叠线折叠。盖元件26也已经被切割出。如果现在将材料10或者说原材料在折叠线14上弯曲，即尤其是将侧壁30从图平面向上弯曲90°，在此所示实施方式中尤其是“折叠”，则有利地产生一个如图的右半部分上方所示的壳体。在此示出的是壳体的俯视图。尚未设置盖元件26，因此可以看到布置空间A。在当前，原材料被形成为具有四个垂直延伸的棱边的棱柱形壳体。在当前情况下，材料10在棱边处连接/接合。圆圈聚焦于壳体的棱边之一：示出，一个棱边可具有多个接合位置22，材料10的不同层在这些接合位置处连接、尤其是接合。尤其是材料10的各个层可相互接合。根据材料，例如材料锁合的接合方法、如焊接或粘接是优选的。左边的示例示出材料在棱边处斜接地贴靠，而材料在图的右半部分对接地接合。但在两种情况下都获得连续或者说环绕的材料层，从而例如最佳地保持绝缘效果。原材料可构造为，使得底板28仅包括一层、尤其是例如金属层。壳体因此具有金属底板。
图5示出材料10或者说原材料的另一种实施方式，在此折叠方案与图4不同地设计。尤其是在该实施方式中材料10或者说原材料还包括盖元件26，该盖元件可以说不作为单独的部件存在。
图6示出材料10或者说原材料的另一种实施方式，其示出另一种的弯曲或折叠方案。附图标记28表示底板，其通过折叠线与一个侧壁30连接。在该侧壁30上设置有其它侧壁30，这些侧壁在相应的弯曲或翻折过程之后分别与底板28连接。在此清楚的是制造方法的巨大灵活性。
附图标记列表
10 材料
11 第一层
12 第二层
13 第三层
14 折叠线
20 壁
22 接合位置
24 开口
26 盖元件
28 底板
30 侧壁
60 布置空间

Claims (15)

1.壳体、尤其是电池壳体，包括壁(20)，其中，所述壁(20)至少区域地由多层的材料(10)制成，并且所述壁(20)包围布置空间(60)，所述布置空间通过弯曲所述材料(10)形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的壳体，其中，所述材料(10)是板状的或面状的原材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的壳体，其中，所述多层的材料(10)是包括至少两层(11、12)的层状材料，第一层(11)基于金属材料、尤其是铝，并且第二层(12)基于塑料材料。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述壁(20)设计为，使得邻接所述布置空间(60)的内层是第一层(11)并且朝向外部的外层是第二层(12)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述材料(10)是铝复合板。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述壁(20)具有至少一个接合位置(22)，并且所述材料(10)的一层或多层在所述接合位置(22)处尤其是材料锁合地连接/接合。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述壁(20)中的层尤其是也越过所述至少一个接合位置(22)构造成连续地/环绕地封闭的。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述材料(10)在所述至少一个接合位置(22)处斜接地接合。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体，其中，该壳体包括设计用于封闭所述壳体的开口(24)的盖元件(26)，所述盖元件(26)由所述多层的材料(10)制成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的壳体，其中，所述盖元件(26)形锁合地贴靠在所述开口(24)上，使得所述材料(10)的层连续地/环绕地封闭。
11.电池单体，其中，该电池单体包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的壳体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述壁(20)的层连接到该电池单体的不同电位上。
13.铝复合板用于制造用于电能量存储器、尤其是锂离子电池单体的壳体的用途。
14.用于制造电池单体的壳体的方法，其中，该方法包括下述步骤：
-提供多层的材料(10)；
-通过弯曲所述材料(10)形成布置空间(60)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，该方法包括下述步骤：
-在形成壁(20)之前在所述材料(10)中引入折叠线(14)和/或缝槽。
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CN105352252A (zh) * 2014-07-03 2016-02-24 柯尼希金属有限两合公司 隔绝外壳和用于制造该隔绝外壳的方法
JP2019102334A (ja) * 2017-12-05 2019-06-24 大日本印刷株式会社 電池用包装体及び電池

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CN116694133A (zh) * 2023-08-08 2023-09-05 康信达科技(苏州)有限公司 一种锂电池壳复合体及表面辊涂工艺

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