CN113985224B - Transformer partial discharge positioning system and method based on sound-electricity combined detection - Google Patents
Transformer partial discharge positioning system and method based on sound-electricity combined detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN113985224B CN113985224B CN202111140791.4A CN202111140791A CN113985224B CN 113985224 B CN113985224 B CN 113985224B CN 202111140791 A CN202111140791 A CN 202111140791A CN 113985224 B CN113985224 B CN 113985224B
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a transformer partial discharge positioning system and method based on sound-electricity combined detection, wherein in the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on sound-electricity combined detection, a plurality of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors are arranged in a transformer to detect multi-path ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge in the transformer; the light source module is connected with the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor, and the ultrahigh frequency sensor is arranged in the transformer to detect a UHF signal generated by partial discharge in the transformer; the edge computing module is connected with the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the ultrahigh frequency sensor to receive and process the ultrasonic signal and the UHF signal, and extracts the signal characteristics of the ultrasonic signal by taking the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point to form a data set; the intelligent monitoring terminal module is connected with the edge calculation module to generate a positioning result based on the data set, and the discharge source is positioned based on the data set in a first preset range of a pitch angle and a second preset range of a direction angle to obtain a positioning coordinate result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment state monitoring, in particular to a transformer partial discharge positioning system and method based on sound-electricity combined detection.
Background
The partial discharge of some weak parts in the insulation of electric power equipment under the action of a strong electric field is a common problem in high-voltage insulation. If partial discharge exists for a long time, insulation deterioration and even breakdown can be caused under certain conditions. The partial discharge to power equipment takes place fixes a position not only can know the insulating state of equipment, can also in time discover the insulating defect position of equipment, the later maintenance and the maintenance of being convenient for. The accurate positioning of the partial discharge of the power equipment is directly related to the design, production, manufacture, operation, maintenance and other aspects of the insulating structure of the equipment, and can bring great economic benefits.
The existing partial discharge positioning system generally adopts a common ultrasonic sensor probe, has the problems of low sensitivity, narrow frequency band and the like compared with an optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic sensor, and is difficult to combine a positioning result with a three-dimensional visual structure model of a transformer and not visual enough due to the fact that the positioning precision is poor and the accurate positioning of a discharge source cannot be realized. Meanwhile, the existing partial discharge positioning system is large in size, the interface is not standardized, the compatibility is not strong, plug and play and cooperative use with various personal computers cannot be achieved, the existing system directly transmits original time domain waveform data to a terminal, and calculation is carried out based on complete signal time domain waveform data, so that the data size is large, the calculation complexity is high, and the communication and calculation capacity of the system bear great pressure.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transformer partial discharge positioning system and method based on sound-electricity combined detection, which are used for intelligently, accurately and automatically acquiring the position information of a discharge source when an insulation structure in a transformer generates partial discharge. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a transformer partial discharge positioning system based on sound-electricity combined detection, which comprises a positioning device,
the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors are arranged in the transformer to detect a plurality of paths of ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge inside the transformer;
a light source module connected to the fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor, the light source module including,
a Distributed Feedback light source (DFB), which provides laser light,
the beam splitter is connected with the distributed feedback light source to split the laser into a plurality of light beams, and the light beams are respectively guided into the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors;
an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) sensor provided in the transformer to detect a UHF signal generated by partial discharge inside the transformer;
an edge calculation module which connects the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the ultrahigh frequency sensor to receive and process the ultrasonic signal and the UHF signal, wherein the edge calculation module extracts the signal characteristics of the ultrasonic signal by taking the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point to form a data set;
an intelligent monitoring terminal module connected to the edge calculation module to generate a positioning result based on the data set, wherein the intelligent monitoring terminal module comprises,
a first calculation unit that calculates an incoming wave direction based on the data set to obtain a pitch angle and a roll angle,
and the second calculation unit is used for positioning the discharge source based on the data set in the first predetermined range of the pitch angle and the second predetermined range of the direction angle to obtain a positioning coordinate result.
In the sound-electricity combined detection-based transformer partial discharge positioning system, when the positioning coordinate result is located outside the position range of the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor for receiving the direct wave signal, the positioning coordinate result is used as a final positioning result.
In the sound-electricity combined detection-based transformer partial discharge positioning system, when the positioning coordinate result is located in the position range where the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor receives the direct wave signal, the intelligent monitoring terminal module uses the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point, and multiple groups of ultrasonic signals are combined to generate multiple groups of positioning results and calculate the average value of the positioning results to serve as a final positioning result.
In the sound-electricity combined detection-based partial discharge positioning system for the transformer, the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors are 4 paths and generate 4 paths of ultrasonic signals.
In the sound-electricity combined detection-based transformer partial discharge positioning system, a group of positioning results are generated according to the signal characteristics of every 3 groups of ultrasonic signals in 4 groups of ultrasonic signals so as to obtain 4 groups of positioning results, and the average value of the positioning results is the final positioning result.
In the partial discharge positioning system of the transformer based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, the 4 paths of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors and the 1 path of ultrahigh frequency sensors form a planar cross array, the center of the planar cross array is provided with the 1 path of rod-shaped ultrahigh frequency sensors, and the periphery of the planar cross array is provided with the 4 paths of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors.
In the partial discharge positioning system of the transformer based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, the planar cross array is fixed on an oil discharge valve of the transformer through a flange, and the 4-path optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor stretch into the transformer through the oil discharge valve of the transformer to be detected in an internal mode.
In the system for positioning the partial discharge of the transformer based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor comprises,
a single-mode optical fiber having a high refractive index,
a quartz capillary tube having a hollow through hole for installing the single mode fiber, transformer oil entering and filling the quartz capillary tube to balance the pressure inside and outside the fiber ultrasonic sensor,
and the trapezoid expansion groove is positioned at the end part of the quartz capillary tube to connect the single-mode optical fiber.
In the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on sound-electricity combined detection, the transformer partial discharge positioning system further comprises an upper computer which is connected with the intelligent monitoring terminal module to process and display positioning results, and the upper computer comprises a display unit.
The positioning method of the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on the acoustic-electric combined detection comprises the following steps,
partial discharge occurs in the transformer, and the 4-path optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor respectively receive an ultrasonic signal and a UHF signal which are sent out by the discharge;
calculating the direction of an incoming wave by 4 paths of ultrasonic Signal data and a multi-Signal Classification algorithm (MUSIC), wherein the calculation results are a pitch angle and a direction angle, and positioning a discharge source by 4 paths of ultrasonic Signal data and a controllable Response Power algorithm (SRP) within the range of the pitch angle +/-5% and the direction angle +/-5%, wherein the positioning results are three coordinate values of x, y and z;
judging whether the discharge source position obtained by the controllable response power positioning is within the position range of the sensor array capable of receiving the direct wave signal, if not, directly outputting the controllable response power positioning result and finishing; if the Time Difference is greater than the preset Time Difference, taking the Time when the ultrahigh frequency sensor receives the discharge signal as a Time zero point, positioning by 4 groups of ultrasonic signals and a Time Difference of Arrival algorithm, wherein each 3 groups of data obtain a positioning result, obtaining 4 groups of positioning results in total, averaging the 4 groups of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) positioning results, and outputting the average value.
In the technical scheme, the partial discharge positioning system of the transformer based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, provided by the invention, has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a partial discharge positioning system and a partial discharge positioning method of a transformer based on sound-electricity combined detection, wherein 1 path of ultrahigh frequency sensor is adopted to measure the discharge amount of partial discharge and provide time zero for an ultrasonic positioning algorithm, 4 paths of optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic sensors are utilized and three positioning algorithms of arrival time difference, controllable response power and MUSIC are combined to quickly and accurately position a discharge source, an edge calculation module realizes high-speed signal acquisition and characteristic extraction, characteristics form a simplified data set and then are wirelessly transmitted to an intelligent monitoring terminal, the intelligent monitoring terminal realizes quick positioning through the positioning algorithm and the simplified data set, the integration degree of the whole system is higher, the intelligent degree is high, the compatibility is stronger, the intelligent monitoring terminal can be accessed to different upper computers to perform three-dimensional visual display on positioning results, and the intuitiveness and the usability of the positioning system are greatly improved on the premise of effectively improving the accuracy of the partial discharge ultrasonic positioning.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a transformer partial discharge positioning system based on combined acoustic-electric detection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor of an embodiment of a transformer partial discharge positioning system based on combined acoustic-electric detection;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor of an embodiment of a transformer partial discharge positioning system based on combined acoustic-electric detection;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor array fixing flange of one embodiment of a transformer partial discharge positioning system based on acoustic-electric combined detection;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a transformer partial discharge positioning method based on acoustic-electric combined detection.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5 of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation that the first and second features are not in direct contact, but are in contact via another feature between them. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. "beneath," "under" and "beneath" a first feature includes the first feature being directly beneath and obliquely beneath the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the system for positioning partial discharge of transformer based on combined acoustic-electric detection comprises,
a plurality of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors 2 provided in the transformer 1 to detect a plurality of ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge inside the transformer 1;
a light source module 9 connected to the fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor 2, the light source module 9 including,
a distributed feedback light source, which provides laser light,
a beam splitter connected to the distributed feedback light source to split the laser into a plurality of beams, which are respectively guided into the fiber ultrasonic sensor 2;
an ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 provided in the transformer 1 to detect a UHF signal generated by partial discharge inside the transformer 1;
an edge calculation module 5, which is connected with the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 and the ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 to receive and process the ultrasonic signal and the UHF signal, wherein the edge calculation module 5 takes the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point to extract the signal characteristics of the ultrasonic signal so as to form a data set;
an intelligent monitoring terminal module 12 connected to the edge calculation module 5 for generating a positioning result based on the data set, wherein the intelligent monitoring terminal module 12 comprises,
a first calculation unit that calculates an incoming wave direction based on the data set to obtain a pitch angle and a roll angle,
and the second calculation unit is used for positioning the discharge source based on the data set in the first preset range of the pitch angle and the second preset range of the direction angle so as to obtain a positioning coordinate result.
In the preferred embodiment of the acoustic-electric combined detection-based transformer partial discharge positioning system, when the positioning coordinate result is located outside the position range where the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 receives the direct wave signal, the positioning coordinate result is used as a final positioning result.
In the preferred embodiment of the acoustic-electric combined detection-based transformer partial discharge positioning system, when the positioning coordinate result is located in the position range where the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 receives the direct wave signal, the intelligent monitoring terminal module 12 uses the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point, and multiple sets of ultrasonic signals are combined to generate multiple sets of positioning results and average values of the multiple sets of positioning results to serve as a final positioning result.
In the preferred embodiment of the acoustic-electric combined detection-based partial discharge positioning system for the transformer, the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 has 4 paths and generates 4 paths of ultrasonic signals.
In the preferred embodiment of the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, a group of positioning results is generated according to the signal characteristics of every 3 groups of ultrasonic signals in 4 groups of ultrasonic signals to obtain 4 groups of positioning results, and the average value of the positioning results is the final positioning result.
In the preferred embodiment of the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, the 4-channel optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 and the 1-channel ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 form a planar cross array, the center is the 1-channel rod-shaped ultrahigh frequency sensor 3, and the periphery is the 4-channel optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2.
In the preferred embodiment of the partial discharge positioning system for the transformer based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, the planar cross array is fixed to the oil discharge valve 4 of the transformer 1 through a flange, and the 4-path optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 extend into the transformer 1 through the oil discharge valve 4 of the transformer 1 to be detected in a built-in mode.
The distributed feedback light source is a distributed feedback laser, a Bragg Grating (Bragg Grating) is arranged in the distributed feedback light source, and the distributed feedback light source belongs to a semiconductor laser emitting from the side surface. The multi Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm decomposes Signal characteristics into a Signal subspace and a noise subspace, a spatial spectrum function is constructed through orthogonality of the two subspaces, the maximum value of the spectrum function is searched, and the estimated value of the incoming wave direction of the corresponding angle of a spectrum peak is searched. Controlled Response Power (SRP) algorithm
The SRP algorithm divides the space into several grids, searches for the position with the maximum controllable response power in the grids, and regards this position as the sound source position.
In the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) algorithm, the UHF signal has a much faster propagation speed than the ultrasonic signal, and thus the UHF signal is considered to reach the sensor at the instant when the discharge occurs, compared to the ultrasonic signal. With the time when the sensor detects the UHF signal as the time zero point, the times when the 4 ultrasonic sensors receive the ultrasonic signal in which the discharge occurs are set as t1, t2, t3, and t4, respectively, the position coordinates of the 4 ultrasonic sensors are set as (x 1, y1, z 1), (x 2, y2, z 2), (x 3, y3, z 3), (x 4, y4, and z 4), the coordinates of the discharge source are set as (x, y, z), and the speed of sound in the medium (transformer oil) is set as c, then under the assumption that no refraction and reflection occurs during the process of the ultrasonic signal propagating from the discharge source to the sensor, the following equations can be listed according to the propagation distance being equal to the speed times:
the two ends of the equation set are simultaneously squared to obtain:
the equation set is a ternary quadratic equation set, the operand of direct solution is low, the error is small, the equation set has 3 unknowns and 4 equations in total, one set of solution can be obtained by every 3 equations, 4 sets of solutions are obtained in total, and the 4 sets of solutions are averaged to serve as a final positioning result.
In the preferred embodiment of the partial discharge positioning system for transformer based on combined acoustic-electric detection, the fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor 2 comprises,
a single-mode optical fiber having a high refractive index,
a quartz capillary 15 having a hollow through hole for installing the single mode optical fiber, the transformer 1 oil entering and filling the quartz capillary 15 to balance the pressure inside and outside the fiber ultrasonic sensor 2,
and a trapezoidal expansion slot 16 at the end of the quartz capillary 15 to connect the single mode optical fiber.
In the preferred embodiment of the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on the acoustic-electric combined detection, the transformer partial discharge positioning system further comprises an upper computer 14 which is connected with the intelligent monitoring terminal module 12 to process and display a positioning result, and the upper computer 14 comprises a display unit.
In one embodiment, the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on the acoustic-electric combined detection comprises: 4 way optical fiber EFPI sensor +1 way super high frequency sensor 3 sound electricity joint detection array, edge calculation module 5, light source module 9, intelligent monitoring terminal and visual software system. The 4-path optical fiber EFPI sensor comprises a light source, a circulator, a single-mode optical fiber, an ultrasonic probe and a photoelectric converter, and is used for coupling and sensing ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge in the transformer 1 and transmitting the signals to an intelligent monitoring terminal; the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 is used for coupling and sensing a UHF signal generated by partial discharge in the transformer 1 and transmitting the signal to the intelligent monitoring terminal; the edge calculation module 5 is installed at the sensor end and used for acquiring original data information output by the sensor, extracting signal characteristics through a characteristic extraction algorithm to form a simplified data set and transmitting the simplified data set to the intelligent monitoring terminal; meanwhile, the edge computing module 5 is integrated with a power supply unit to provide stable power supply for the photoelectric converter, the detector and the light source module 9.
The light source module 9 includes optical elements such as a light source, a beam splitter, and a circulator, and is used for forming monochromatic laser and supplying the 4-channel EFPI sensor to work normally.
The intelligent monitoring terminal rapidly realizes the positioning of the partial discharge according to the simplified data set and the positioning algorithm and transmits the analysis result to the visual software system;
and the visual software system is a software program written based on LABVIEW and is used for visually displaying the discharge source position and discharge amount information processed by the intelligent detection terminal in real time.
The optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic probe adopts a pressure balance structural design, adopts built-in installation, and consists of a quartz diaphragm, an aluminum film, a quartz capillary 15 and a single-mode optical fiber core, wherein signals of the optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic probe are transmitted through the single-mode optical fiber and are converted into 0-10V analog voltage signals after passing through a photoelectric conversion unit; by adjusting the intensity of the light source and the gain of the photoelectric converter, the sensitivity of the sensor and the amplitude of the output signal can be conveniently adjusted.
Preferably, the quartz diaphragm has a thickness of 50 μm and a diaphragm radius of 1.3mm, and the diaphragm sensitivity is about 60nm/kPa.
Preferably, the single mode optical fiber uses SMF-28e, the center wavelength of which is 1550nm, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, and the core diameter is 8.2 μm.
When the probe is arranged in the transformer 1, the quartz capillary tube 15 is filled with transformer 1 oil, so that only a single medium of the transformer 1 oil exists in the whole probe, pressure balance inside and outside the probe is achieved, the middle of the capillary tube 15 is provided with a groove, welding of an optical fiber and the capillary tube 15 is facilitated, and the end part of the capillary tube 15 is provided with a trapezoidal expansion groove.
Preferably, quartz capillary 15 is 10mm long, 4mm outer diameter, and has a through hole 130 μm diameter at the center for installing an optical fiber.
Preferably, the grooves in the middle of capillary 15 are 1.5mm wide.
The UHF signal measured by the ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 is used for measuring the discharge amount of partial discharge and providing a time zero point for an ultrasonic positioning algorithm, the signal transmission mode is wired communication, a high-frequency voltage signal of 300MHz-1500MHz is output, an SMA interface is adopted to be connected into a UHF signal detection unit in the edge calculation module 5, and the UHF signal detection unit is used for carrying out frequency reduction detection on the UHF signal to form a low-frequency analog voltage signal of 0-10V.
The 4-path optical fiber EFPI sensor + 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 sound and electricity combined detection array is a planar cross array, the center is a 1-path rod-shaped ultrahigh frequency sensor 3, and the periphery is 4-path optical fiber ultrasonic sensors 2. The array is fixed on an oil discharge valve 4 of the transformer 1 through a flange, the size of the flange is designed according to the oil discharge valve 4 of the transformer 1, and the sensor extends into the transformer 1 through the oil discharge valve 4 to realize built-in detection.
Preferably, the diameter of the planar cross array is 70mm, and the installation holes of the 4-path ultrasonic sensor 2 and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 are both M12 screw holes.
Preferably, the flange is 3mm in thickness, 220mm in diameter, and 8 flange fixing holes are formed in the position 180mm in diameter and 18mm in diameter.
The size of the fixing flange is designed according to the oil drain valve 4 of the 110kV converter transformer 1, and when the fixing flange is applied to different transformers 1, the installation of the array can be realized by changing the size of the flange.
The edge calculation module 5 integrates a power supply unit, a UHF signal detection unit, a photoelectric conversion unit, and a CPU. The power supply unit provides 5V stable power supply for the UHF signal detection unit, provides +/-12V and 0.25A stable power supply for the photoelectric conversion unit, and provides 5V and 4A stable power supply for the light source module 9; the edge computing module 5 is internally integrated with a feature extraction algorithm, takes the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point, extracts feature information such as peak time, signal subspace, noise subspace and the like of the 4 paths of ultrasonic signals, forms a simplified data set, and transmits the simplified data set to the intelligent monitoring terminal through an LoRa protocol.
Preferably, the gain of the photoelectric conversion unit is 30dB.
Preferably, the distributed feedback light source has a center frequency of 1550nm and a power of 10W.
Intelligent monitoring terminal, its characterized in that: the internal integration partial discharge positioning algorithm is used for quickly calculating to obtain a partial discharge positioning result signal according to the simplified data set transmitted by the edge calculation module 5, the positioning result and the simplified data set are transmitted to the upper computer 14 through a Modbus protocol and an RJ-45 interface, the terminal is in a board card form in appearance, the output can be connected into different upper computers 14, and the discharge source positioning result and the diagnosis result are output to a visual software system.
The positioning algorithm marginalizes data collected by the sensor to form a simplified data set, combines a time delay algorithm, a controllable response power algorithm and a multi-signal classification algorithm, screens and weights positioning results of the three algorithms by using confidence coefficients, and finally determines the position of the discharge source.
A visualization software system, characterized by: the partial discharge positioning information is compiled based on LABVIEW, and the partial discharge positioning result can be displayed in the three-dimensional structure model of the transformer 1 after the partial discharge positioning information is obtained.
The transformer 1 three-dimensional structure model is provided with different types and sizes of standard transformer 1 structure models, a user can select the model according to the actually monitored transformer 1, and the model can be drawn by other software and led into a visual software system.
In one embodiment, the partial discharge positioning system is mainly divided into a transformer 1, a 4-path EFPI optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2, a 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor 3, a transformer oil drain valve 4, an edge calculation module 5, a light source module 9, an intelligent monitoring terminal 12 and an upper computer 14. The light source module 9 provides a required optical signal for the EFPI sensor, and transmits the optical signal returned by the sensor to the edge calculation module 5; the edge calculation module 5 is positioned at the sensor end, integrates a feature extraction algorithm inside, forms a simplified data set with the extracted features, and wirelessly transmits the simplified data set to the intelligent monitoring terminal 12 through an LoRa protocol; the intelligent monitoring terminal 12 is positioned at the upper computer end, a local discharge positioning algorithm is integrated inside, a local discharge positioning result is obtained through calculation according to characteristic information in the simplified data set, and the result and the simplified data set are transmitted to the upper computer 14 through an MODBUS protocol in a wired mode; and a visual software system in the upper computer 14 performs real-time visual display on the calculation result, and superimposes and displays the discharge source positioning result on the transformer three-dimensional model.
The light source module 9 integrates optical elements such as a distributed feedback light source 10 and a beam splitter 11. The distributed feedback light source 10 generates laser with power of 10W and central wavelength of 1550nm, the laser is transmitted through a single mode fiber SMF, the laser is divided into 4 beams through a light splitter 11, the 4 beams are respectively supplied to 4 EFPI sensors through 4 groups of single mode fibers, and light returned by the sensors is transmitted to an edge calculation module 5 through a circulator.
The edge computing module 5 integrates a power supply unit 6, a UHF signal detection unit 7, a photoelectric conversion unit 8 and a CPU. The power supply unit 6 provides 5V stable power supply for the UHF signal detection unit 7, provides +/-12V and 0.25A stable power supply for the photoelectric conversion unit 8, and provides 5V and 4A stable power supply for the light source module 9; the edge computing module integrates a feature extraction algorithm inside, takes the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point, extracts feature information such as peak time, signal subspace, noise subspace and the like of the 4 paths of ultrasonic signals, forms a simplified data set, and transmits the data set to the intelligent monitoring terminal 12 through an LoRa protocol.
The intelligent monitoring terminal module 12 integrates a CPU and a positioning algorithm, performs fast calculation according to the reduced data set transmitted by the edge calculation module 5 to obtain a partial discharge positioning result, and outputs the result and the reduced data set to the upper computer 14.
The positioning algorithm combines a time delay algorithm, a controllable response power algorithm and a multi-signal classification algorithm, judges and screens positioning results of the three algorithms through a simplified data set obtained through edge calculation, and finally determines the position of the discharge source.
Referring to fig. 2, the optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic probe designed by the present invention is mainly divided into a single mode optical fiber 13, a welding point 17, a quartz diaphragm 18, an aluminum film 19, a trapezoidal expanding groove 5, and a quartz capillary 6. The length of the quartz capillary tube 6 is 10mm, the outer diameter is 4mm, the center is a through hole with the diameter of 130 mu m, and the through hole is used for installing the optical fiber 13; the diameter of the trapezoid expansion slot 5 at the end part of the capillary 6 is 2.6mm, and the depth is 1.6mm; when the probe is arranged in the transformer, transformer oil enters and fills the quartz tube 6, so that only a single medium of the transformer oil exists in the whole optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic probe, and the pressure balance inside and outside the probe is achieved.
Referring to fig. 3, the optical fiber EFPI ultrasonic sensor system designed by the present invention is composed of a light source 20, a circulator 21, a single-mode optical fiber 13, a sensor probe 22, a photoelectric conversion unit 8, and an intelligent monitoring terminal 12. The light source 20 emits light signals, the light signals reach the sensor probe through the circulator 21 and the optical fiber 13, the sensor probe returns light signals with different interference degrees after receiving ultrasonic signals, the returned light signals are converted into electric signals through the photoelectric converter 5, and the electric signals are received by the intelligent monitoring terminal 6.
Referring to fig. 4, the sensor array fixing flange designed by the present invention has a thickness of 20mm, a diameter of 220mm, 8 flange fixing holes with a diameter of 180mm, a diameter of 18mm, a sensor plane cross array at the center of the flange, an array diameter of 70mm,4 ultrasonic sensor mounting holes at the periphery, an M12 screw hole, a 1 ultrahigh frequency sensor mounting hole at the center, and a through hole with a diameter of 30 mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the positioning method of the transformer partial discharge positioning system based on the acoustic-electric combined detection according to the present invention includes the following steps,
partial discharge occurs in the transformer 1, and the 4-path optical fiber ultrasonic sensor 2 and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 respectively receive ultrasonic signals and UHF signals sent by the discharge;
calculating the incoming wave direction by 4 paths of ultrasonic signal data and a multi-signal classification algorithm, wherein the calculation results are a pitch angle and a direction angle, and positioning the discharge source by the 4 paths of ultrasonic signal data and a controllable response power algorithm within the range of the pitch angle +/-5% and the direction angle +/-5%, wherein the positioning results are three coordinate values of x, y and z;
judging whether the discharge source position obtained by the controllable response power positioning is within the position range of the sensor array capable of receiving the direct wave signal, if not, directly outputting the controllable response power positioning result, and ending; if yes, the time when the ultrahigh frequency sensor 3 receives the discharge signal is used as a time zero point, positioning is carried out through 4 groups of ultrasonic signals and the arrival time difference algorithm, wherein each 3 groups of data obtain one positioning result, 4 groups of positioning results are obtained totally, the average value of the 4 groups of arrival time difference algorithm positioning results is calculated, and the operation is finished after the average value is output.
In a preferred embodiment, the positioning method comprises the following steps: (1) when partial discharge occurs in the transformer, the 4-path ultrasonic sensor and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor respectively receive an ultrasonic signal and a UHF signal which are sent out by the discharge; (2) calculating the incoming wave direction by 4 paths of ultrasonic signal data and a multi-signal classification algorithm, wherein the calculation result is a pitch angle and a direction angle; (3) in the range of a pitch angle +/-5% and a direction angle +/-5% obtained by calculation of a multi-signal classification algorithm, positioning a discharge source through 4 paths of ultrasonic signal data and a controllable response power algorithm, wherein the positioning result is three coordinate values of x, y and z; (4) judging whether the discharge source position obtained by the controllable response power positioning is within the position range of the sensor array capable of receiving the direct wave signal, and if so, entering the step (5); if not, directly outputting a controllable response power positioning result, and ending; (5) positioning by using the time when the ultrahigh frequency sensor receives the discharge signal as a time zero point through 4 groups of ultrasonic signals and an arrival time difference algorithm, wherein each 3 groups of data can obtain a positioning result, and 4 groups of positioning results are obtained in total, and the results are x, y and z coordinate values; (6) calculating the average value of the positioning results of 4 groups of arrival time difference algorithms; (7) and outputting the average value of the positioning results of the time difference of arrival algorithm, and ending.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A transformer partial discharge positioning system based on sound-electricity combined detection is characterized by comprising,
the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors are arranged in the transformer to detect a plurality of paths of ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge inside the transformer;
a light source module connected to the fiber optic ultrasonic sensor, the light source module comprising,
a distributed feedback light source, which provides laser light,
the beam splitter is connected with the distributed feedback light source to split the laser into a plurality of beams, and the beams are respectively guided into the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors;
the ultrahigh frequency sensor is arranged in the transformer to detect a UHF signal generated by partial discharge inside the transformer;
an edge calculation module which connects the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the ultrahigh frequency sensor to receive and process the ultrasonic signal and the UHF signal, wherein the edge calculation module extracts the signal characteristics of the ultrasonic signal by taking the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point to form a data set;
an intelligent monitoring terminal module connected to the edge calculation module to generate a positioning result based on the data set, wherein the intelligent monitoring terminal module comprises,
a first calculation unit that calculates an incoming wave direction based on the data set to obtain a pitch angle and a roll angle,
a second calculation unit for positioning a discharge source based on the data set within a first predetermined range of the pitch angle and a second predetermined range of the azimuth angle to obtain a positioning coordinate result, the fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor comprising,
a single-mode optical fiber having a high refractive index,
a quartz capillary tube having a hollow through hole for installing the single mode fiber, transformer oil entering and filling the quartz capillary tube to balance the pressure inside and outside the fiber ultrasonic sensor,
the ultrasonic sensor comprises a single-mode optical fiber, a quartz capillary tube, 4 paths of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors and 1 path of ultrahigh frequency sensor, wherein the single-mode optical fiber is connected with the end part of the quartz capillary tube, the length of the quartz capillary tube is 10mm, the outer diameter of the quartz capillary tube is 4mm, the center of the quartz capillary tube is a through hole with the diameter of 130 mu m, the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors are 4 paths and generate 4 paths of ultrasonic signals, the 4 paths of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors and the 1 path of ultrahigh frequency sensor form a plane cross array, the center of the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors is a 1 path of rod-shaped ultrahigh frequency sensor, the periphery of the optical fiber ultrasonic sensors are 4 paths of optical fiber ultrasonic sensors, and the ultrahigh frequency sensor outputs high-frequency voltage signals of 300MHz-1500 MHz.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the positioning coordinate result is outside a position range where the fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor receives the direct wave signal, the positioning coordinate result is used as a final positioning result.
3. The acoustic-electric combined detection-based partial discharge positioning system for the transformer according to claim 1, wherein when the positioning coordinate result is located in a position range where the optical fiber ultrasonic sensor receives direct wave signals, the intelligent monitoring terminal module uses the arrival time of the UHF signal as a zero point, and the multiple sets of ultrasonic signals are combined to generate multiple sets of positioning results and calculate the average value of the positioning results to obtain the final positioning result.
4. The partial discharge positioning system for the transformer based on the acousto-electric combined detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal characteristics of every 3 sets of ultrasonic signal pairs in the 4 sets of ultrasonic signals generate a set of positioning results to obtain 4 sets of positioning results, and the average value of the 4 sets of positioning results is the final positioning result.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the planar cross array is fixed to an oil discharge valve of the transformer through a flange, and the 4-way optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the 1-way ultrahigh frequency sensor are extended into the transformer through the oil discharge valve of the transformer to perform built-in detection.
6. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an upper computer connected to the intelligent monitoring terminal module for processing and displaying the positioning result, wherein the upper computer comprises a display unit.
7. The method for positioning the partial discharge positioning system of the transformer based on the acousto-electric combined detection is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
partial discharge occurs in the transformer, and the 4-path optical fiber ultrasonic sensor and the 1-path ultrahigh frequency sensor respectively receive ultrasonic signals and UHF signals sent by the discharge;
calculating the incoming wave direction through 4 paths of ultrasonic signal data and a multi-signal classification algorithm, wherein the calculation result is a pitch angle and a direction angle, and the discharge source is positioned through the 4 paths of ultrasonic signal data and a controllable response power algorithm within the range of the pitch angle plus or minus 5 percent and the direction angle plus or minus 5 percent, and the positioning result is three coordinate values of x, y and z;
judging whether the discharge source position obtained by the controllable response power positioning is within the position range of the sensor array capable of receiving the direct wave signal, if not, directly outputting the controllable response power positioning result and finishing; if yes, the time when the ultrahigh frequency sensor receives the discharge signal is used as a time zero point, positioning is carried out through 4 groups of ultrasonic signals and the arrival time difference algorithm, wherein each 3 groups of data obtain one positioning result, 4 groups of positioning results are obtained totally, the average value of the 4 groups of arrival time difference algorithm positioning results is calculated, and the operation is finished after the average value is output.
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| CN115453300B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-04-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司泰州供电分公司 | Partial discharge positioning system and method based on acoustic sensor array |
| CN115825944B (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-05-16 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 | Single-snapshot multi-target incoming wave direction estimation method based on external radiation source radar |
| CN116223998B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-22 | 四川省菁蓉和欣科技有限公司 | Acoustic-electric combined positioning method for partial discharge inside large transformer |
| CN117192313B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-27 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
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