CN113984940A - Analysis method for high-throughput rapid detection of volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum - Google Patents
Analysis method for high-throughput rapid detection of volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention provides an analysis method for rapidly detecting volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum in high flux, and can be applied to detection of volatile components of different rhododendron lapponicum and fragrance characteristic analysis. The method adopts a determination method combining a direct headspace solid-phase microextraction technology and a full-two-dimensional gas-phase quadrupole series-connection time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer, has the advantages of simple and rapid pretreatment, high chromatographic separation degree and large peak capacity, ensures the reliability of a qualitative result by adopting standard spectrum library matching, accurate molecular weight and retention index, and can be used for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of 129 volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum. The method is simple and practical in design, does not need complex pretreatment, can simultaneously analyze hundreds of volatile components in alpine azalea, is verified by methodology, has good repeatability and short analysis time, and is suitable for analyzing different alpine azalea samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alpine azalea analytical chemistry, in particular to an analytical method for quickly detecting volatile components of alpine azalea in a high-throughput manner.
Background
Rhododendron L is a famous garden ornamental plant in the world, and has high appreciation value and good economic value. There are about 960 rhododendron species around the world, about 570 species in China (59% of world species), and more than 400 species among them are the unique species in China. The azalea is the largest one of shrubs, is distributed in most areas of northern hemisphere, has the characteristics of various varieties, beautiful tree forms, various flower leaf forms, gorgeous and changeable colors, long flowering period and the like, thus enjoying the reputation of 'Xishi' in flowers, being a wild germplasm resource with high ornamental value, and various plants are widely used as garden plants. The Rhododendron evergreen is one of four genera in Rhododendron. In recent years, some rhododendrons bred from rhododendron germplasm resources, namely 'western rhododendrons', introduced from Europe become new flowers of China New night flowers and high-grade landscaping. In addition, many species within this genus have been used in traditional medicine in europe, china and north america. These applications are based on a large number of phytochemicals with a variety of biological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity.
Volatile components released by the flowers of the ornamental plants are important factors for forming the quality of the ornamental plants, the volatile components are secondary metabolites of the plants and generally comprise aromatic compounds, terpene compounds, fatty acid derivatives and other compounds which have low relative molecular mass and are volatile, and the volatile components are beneficial to human health, can relieve stress, improve the resistance of the human body, keep the air around the plants fresh and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. For example, terpenoids widely exist in the natural world, are main components of essences, resins, pigments and the like of certain plants, and are important natural perfumes. The terpenoid also has certain physiological activity, and can eliminate phlegm, relieve cough, dispel wind, induce perspiration, expel parasites, and relieve pain. Along with the rapid development of social economy and the gradual improvement of living standard of people, the quality requirement of international and domestic markets on alpine rhododendrons is higher and higher, the aromatic alpine rhododendrons are one of hot targets pursued by rhododendron breeders in the world besides pursuit of novel colors, and a detection technology for analyzing volatile components of rhododendrons is particularly important.
At present, the detection of the volatile and semi-volatile chemical compositions of rhododendron mainly depends on the analysis of the traditional one-dimensional gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In China, volatile components of flower buds and flowers of rhododendron are analyzed by adopting one-dimensional gas chromatography, or the separation and analysis of gas components in the forest of different kinds of rhododendron are reported (Li Chao Chan et al, 2015), and the composition of volatile compounds of rhododendron is also analyzed (Shi Chi et al, 2018). Foreign people analyze volatile compounds of flowers with different colors of rhododendron by adopting one-dimensional gas chromatography (Park et al, 2018); and characterization of volatile species of the native azalea species of turkey (Sevim et al, 2018); there are also extraction analyses of compounds from rhododendron alba volatile oils (Liu et al, 2013). However, these methods have problems of insufficient resolution, small peak capacity, and serious co-elution of components, which cause a decrease in sensitivity of compound separation and analysis, and have certain limitations for accurately detecting the composition and content of rhododendron lapponicum, and require complicated pre-treatment processes of extraction, separation, and purification. Therefore, the invention provides an analysis method for rapidly detecting volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum with high flux, which has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of incomplete detection of volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum, complicated pretreatment and the like, the invention provides an analysis method for quickly detecting the volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum in a high-throughput manner, so as to achieve accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of different types of rhododendron lapponicum.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an analysis method for rapidly detecting volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum in high throughput comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting rhododendron lapponicum sample powder into a headspace bottle, and sealing;
step two: auxiliary heating is carried out on the headspace bottle;
step three: directly extracting by using a solid phase micro-extraction fiber head;
step four: placing the extracted solid-phase micro-extraction fiber head at a gas chromatography sample inlet for analysis;
step five: carrying out chromatographic separation on the analyzed volatile components by utilizing a full two-dimensional gas phase;
step six: carrying out qualitative analysis on the target compound by utilizing quadrupole series-connection time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrum information;
step seven: and selecting a peak volume percentage method to perform quantitative analysis on the target compound.
As a preferable scheme, in the first step, 50-200 mg of alpine rose pattern product powder is adopted, and a headspace bottle adopts a specification of 15-40 mL; in the second step, the heating temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the heating time is 10-40 min; the three extraction steps are carried out for 10-40 min; in the fourth step, the temperature for analysis is 250-270 ℃, and the time for analysis is 2-10 min.
As a preferable scheme, the rhododendron lapponicum sample is a flower part of rhododendron lapponicum.
As a preferable scheme, the pretreatment method of the rhododendron lapponicum sample specifically comprises the following steps: freeze drying fresh rhododendron in vacuum at-90 deg.c to-70 deg.c, and crushing.
As a preferable scheme, in the third step, the solid phase micro-extraction conditions are as follows: the equilibrium temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the equilibrium adsorption time is 10-20 min.
As a preferable scheme, in the process of the step five, the full two-dimensional gas chromatography conditions are as follows: column 1 was HP-5MS (30 m.times.0.25 mm,0.25 μm); column 2 was DB-17MS (1.2 m.times.0.18 mm,0.18 μm); the temperature of the sample inlet is 240-280 ℃, and the heating and temperature rising process of the sample is as follows: keeping at 50 deg.C for 3min, increasing to 200 deg.C at 4 deg.C/min and keeping for 0.5min, and finally increasing to 250 deg.C at 10 deg.C/min; the purging time is 3.5 min; the modulation period is 4 s.
As a preferred scheme, in the sixth step, the mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the ion source temperature is 250 ℃; the temperature of the four-level bar is 150 ℃; the transfer line temperature was 280 ℃.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts a headspace solid phase microextraction method for direct sample injection, combines the full two-dimensional gas chromatography with the high-resolution mass spectrometry, has the advantages of simple pretreatment, complete chromatographic separation and greatly improved peak capacity compared with the conventional one-dimensional gas chromatography, and realizes rapid high-flux detection of volatile components in rhododendron lapponicum. The method is characterized in that the phenomenon of component co-outflow in the traditional one-dimensional gas chromatography can be eliminated, and the isomer separation is more comprehensive, so that the separation degree of the compound is improved, the chromatographic peak capacity is increased, and the analysis of a high-flux target object is realized. The method only takes a small amount of rhododendron lapponicum samples, directly evaporates volatile components of the rhododendron lapponicum into a closed headspace bottle at a proper temperature, directly adsorbs the volatile components by a commercial solid-phase microextraction fiber head, does not need any organic solvent or high-temperature high-pressure treatment, and does not need to consume the organic solvent, thereby ensuring the stability of the volatile components of the rhododendron lapponicum samples, reducing the loss of volatile components to the maximum extent, and separating and identifying 129 volatile chemical components with different polarities in the rhododendron lapponicum at one time. Secondly, carrying out qualitative confirmation by utilizing high-resolution mass spectrum information, wherein the qualitative confirmation comprises standard spectrum library matching, accurate molecular weight and index retention to ensure the reliability of a qualitative result, and then calculating the content of volatile chemical components with different compositions in rhododendron lapponicum by an area percentage relative quantification method. After the method passes verification, all analysis parameters are stable, high-throughput detection can be rapidly and accurately carried out on various volatile chemical components in different alpine rhododendron varieties at one time, the sample consumption is small, the operation is convenient, and the analysis speed is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of one-dimensional and two-dimensional chromatographic separation of volatile components from Rhododendron lapponicum;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the difference in volatile component content between different species of rhododendron lapponicum.
Detailed Description
This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, within which a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem to substantially achieve the technical result.
The terms in upper, lower, left, right and the like in the description and the claims are combined with the drawings to facilitate further explanation, so that the application is more convenient to understand and is not limited to the application.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: analytical methods stability determination:
the analysis method for rapidly detecting volatile chemical components of rhododendron lapponicum comprises the following stability test steps:
the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: vacuum freeze drying fresh alpine rhododendron at-80 deg.C, pulverizing, weighing 50mg dry powder sample of alpine rhododendron, placing in 22mL headspace bottle, sealing with bottle cap, heating in 70 deg.C auxiliary heater for 20min, and performing headspace solid phase microextraction with manual solid phase microextraction device. The solid phase micro-extraction conditions are as follows: the fiber head is commercial DVB/CAR/PDMS; the equilibrium temperature is 70 ℃; the equilibrium adsorption time is 15 min; the resolving temperature is 260 ℃; the resolution time was 3 min. And finally, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the sample by using a full-two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole series connection flight time high-resolution mass spectrum.
The full two-dimensional gas chromatography conditions are as follows: column 1 was HP-5MS (30 m.times.0.25 mm,0.25 μm); column 2 was DB-17MS (1.2 m.times.0.18 mm,0.18 μm); the temperature of a sample inlet is 260 ℃; the sample injection mode is non-shunting; temperature programming: keeping at 50 deg.C for 3min, increasing to 200 deg.C at 4 deg.C/min and keeping for 0.5min, and increasing to 250 deg.C at 10 deg.C/min; the purging time is 3.5 min; the modulation period is 4 s. Sample run time: the time of the reaction lasts for 60min,
mass spectrum conditions: the ion source is EI,70 eV; the ion source temperature is 250 ℃; the temperature of the four-level bar is 150 ℃; the temperature of the transmission line is 280 ℃; the scanning mass range is 50-450 m/z; the acquisition speed is high; the resolution ratio is 20000 FWHM.
The detection data are analyzed by Canvas full two-dimensional chromatographic processing software, compounds with the detection signal-to-noise ratio larger than 30 are selected for retrieval, NIST17 latest standard library is used for matching, relative content analysis is carried out according to a peak volume percentage method, the same sample is subjected to 3 times of parallel measurement each day for 3 days, the relative standard deviation in the day and the day is calculated, and the detection results and method parameters of volatile and semi-volatile chemical components of rhododendron lapponicum are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Rhododendron lapponicum volatile chemical composition test results
Note:art (min) -compound retention time detected by one-dimensional gas chromatography;b1tR (min) -column 1 retention time (min);c2tR (sec) -column 2 retention time (sec);dRIexp-experimental retention index;eRIlib-a spectral library retention index;fpeak matching degree-matching was performed using the latest standard spectrum of NIST 17.gPositive-positive similarity;hreverse-reverse similarity;iprecise mass number-molecular ion mass number;jtheoretical-theoretical mass value;kactual measurement-the experimental mass value;lRSD. (%) -relative standard deviation;mintra-day-intra-day relative standard deviation (n ═ 5);nday-day relative standard deviation (d ═ 3 days).
From the above table 1, after mass spectrum information and standard library matching, 129 volatile and semi-volatile chemical components in rhododendron are identified by screening substances with positive and negative matching degrees both greater than 800 as target compounds, wherein 18 compounds have positive similarity of not less than 900, 80 compounds between 800 and 900, and 81 compounds between 800 and 900 with negative similarity, and 41 compounds above 900, are identified, which indicates that the target compounds are relatively reliable in nature, and the compounds with positive and negative matching degrees less than 800 are further confirmed by retaining indexes and precise molecular weights. The use of a Retention Index (RI) for screening target components may be effective in reducing the number of possible compounds generated by NIST library searches, whereby RI aids in qualifying 120 compounds, accounting for 95.23% of the total compounds. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of stability and reproducibility of the method, the relative standard deviation was calculated for the same sample by measuring 5 times per day for 3 consecutive days. The results show that the mean relative standard deviations were below 25% both daily and daytime, with 88 compounds with a relative standard deviation below 10% daily, 85 compounds with a mean relative standard deviation below 10% daily, and only 1 compound with a relative standard deviation above 20%. Therefore, the method has better stability and reproducibility in terms of relative standard deviation in the day and the daytime. The compounds can be used as main volatile and semi-volatile chemical components of rhododendron lapponicum and can be used as a main identification basis for the volatile components of the rhododendron lapponicum.
FIG. 1 is a comparison of a one-dimensional gas chromatography total ion chromatogram and a full two-dimensional gas chromatogram under the same analysis conditions, and compared with the one-dimensional gas chromatography, the separation degree of 129 volatile and semi-volatile chemical components in rhododendron lapponicum in full two dimensions is better: if 19.35min-20.00min, only two peaks of peak 1 (linalool) and peak 2 (2-nonen-1-ol) are detected in one dimension, and the other three peaks, namely peak 3 (linalool oxide), peak 4 (p-cymene) and peak 5 (benzoic acid and methyl ester), can be separated in two dimensions, so that the phenomenon of peak co-outflow can be well solved in two dimensions, and trace compounds which cannot be detected in one dimension can be separated due to the strong separation capacity of the peaks. Therefore, only 45 compounds can be detected in one dimension, 129 compounds can be detected in all two dimensions, and the volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum can be analyzed more comprehensively.
Example 2:
in order to further verify the practicability of the method, the method is adopted to respectively detect and analyze the volatile components of different rhododendrons, wherein the volatile components comprise 4 samples of dewdrop rhododendrons, delavay rhododendrons, peach leaf rhododendrons, charpy rhododendrons and the like, and the content of the 129 volatile components of the rhododendrons detected by the method is shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2 detection results of volatile and semi-volatile chemical components of different species of rhododendron lapponicum
Note: the detection values are average values of three measurements; a, calculating the content of volatile components of different types of rhododendrons by using a relative content (%) -through an area normalization method.
The samples are all flowers of alpine rhododendron, and the samples are crushed after being dried under the vacuum freezing condition, so that the volatile components of alpine rhododendron are guaranteed to the maximum extent.
As can be seen from Table 2, the analysis results of the main volatile chemical component contents of different kinds of rhododendrons show that citronellal (4.178% -7.944%), phenylacetaldehyde (2.987% -7.013%), hexanal (2.227% -6.648%), 2-nonen-1-ol (1.092% -5.633%), linalool (1.262% -4.752%), limonene (3.269% -4.136%) and isopulegol (2.744% -3.328%) are the main components of four kinds of rhododendrons. In addition, isopulegol is highest in all compounds of rhododendron pulchrum (7.722%), and also in higher amounts in dewdrop rhododendron (3.392%), whereas the presence of both compounds was not detected in rhododendron delavayi and rhododendron persicum; the content of 1,2, 3-trimethoxy-5-methylbenzene in the rhododendron roseum (6.046%) is also much higher than in the other three species.
FIG. 2 shows the ratio of the main compounds in four different species of rhododendron alpinum. The components are volatile main chemical components in four different rhododendrons, and most of the volatile main chemical components are aromatic compounds, and the aromatic compounds in the different rhododendrons can make the rhododendrons generate special fragrance. For example, aldehydes generally give a pleasant sensory feel, participate in the formation of specific volatile styles, citronellal and phenylacetaldehyde may contribute significantly to the floral and sweet volatile notes of rhododendron delavayi and azalea charles, syringaldehyde is sweet with a sweet note, the content in rhododendron dewdrop is significantly higher than the other three categories, possibly the characteristic volatile components in rhododendron dewdrop, while hexanal may give the floral note of persistent fruit volatility of the aroma emitted by rhododendron dewdrop; the alcohol compounds usually have special flower fragrance or fruit fragrance, and the 2-nonene-1-alcohol in the Rhododendron delavayi Franch, which has higher content than other three kinds of Rhododendron delavayi Franch, can increase the sweet fragrance of slightly sweet melon; in addition, linalool and limonene in rhododendron persicum and rhododendron charantia can make the fragrance of the fruits which have citrus fragrance, soft and lasting. The other compounds have relatively low threshold values, but are coordinated according to a certain proportion to play respective fragrance generating functions, and finally, special fragrance types of different rhododendron alpinum are formed.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An analysis method for rapidly detecting volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum with high flux is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting rhododendron lapponicum sample powder into a headspace bottle, and sealing;
step two: auxiliary heating is carried out on the headspace bottle;
step three: directly extracting by using a solid phase micro-extraction fiber head;
step four: placing the extracted solid-phase micro-extraction fiber head at a gas chromatography sample inlet for analysis;
step five: carrying out chromatographic separation on the analyzed volatile components by utilizing a full two-dimensional gas phase;
step six: carrying out qualitative analysis on the target compound by utilizing quadrupole series-connection time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrum information;
step seven: and selecting a peak volume percentage method to perform quantitative analysis on the target compound.
2. The high-throughput rapid analysis method for volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the rhododendron lapponicum flower powder is 50-200 mg, and a headspace bottle adopts a specification of 15-40 mL; in the second step, the heating temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the heating time is 10-40 min; the three extraction steps are carried out for 10-40 min; in the fourth step, the temperature for analysis is 250-270 ℃, and the time for analysis is 2-10 min.
3. The high-throughput rapid assay method for volatile components of rhododendron lapponicum according to claim 2, wherein the rhododendron lapponicum sample is a flower part of rhododendron lapponicum.
4. The analysis method for high-throughput rapid detection of volatile components in rhododendron lapponicum according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the pretreatment method of the rhododendron lapponicum sample specifically comprises the following steps: freeze drying fresh rhododendron in vacuum at-90 deg.c to-70 deg.c, and crushing.
5. The analytical method for high-throughput rapid detection of volatile components in rhododendron lapponicum according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the solid-phase microextraction conditions are as follows: the equilibrium temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the equilibrium adsorption time is 10-20 min.
6. The analytical method for high-throughput rapid detection of volatile components in rhododendron lapponicum according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the full two-dimensional gas chromatography conditions are as follows: column 1 was HP-5MS (30 m.times.0.25 mm,0.25 μm); column 2 was DB-17MS (1.2 m.times.0.18 mm,0.18 μm); the temperature of the sample inlet is 240-280 ℃, and the heating and temperature rising process of the sample is as follows: keeping at 50 deg.C for 3min, increasing to 200 deg.C at 4 deg.C/min and keeping for 0.5min, and finally increasing to 250 deg.C at 10 deg.C/min; the purging time is 3.5 min; the modulation period is 4 s.
7. The analysis method for high-throughput rapid detection of volatile components in rhododendron lapponicum according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the mass spectrometry conditions are as follows: the ion source temperature is 250 ℃; the temperature of the four-level bar is 150 ℃; the transfer line temperature was 280 ℃.
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