CN114235981A - Method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining gas-mass spectrometry-sniffing instrument and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry - Google Patents
Method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining gas-mass spectrometry-sniffing instrument and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000001871 ion mobility spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 title description 4
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- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
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- G01N30/8686—Fingerprinting, e.g. without prior knowledge of the sample components
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas-mass spectrometry-olfactory analyzer and a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The authentication method of the present invention comprises: firstly, preparing perilla leaf essential oil samples, detecting the perilla leaf essential oil samples by adopting a gas phase-mass spectrum-smell identification instrument, and determining aroma components and relative contents thereof in different perilla leaf essential oil samples and aroma branches; then detecting a perilla leaf essential oil sample by adopting gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to obtain GC-IMS fingerprint spectrums of volatile aroma components in different perilla leaf essential oils; and (4) combining the detection results of the first two steps, and performing difference analysis on the aroma components, the aroma content and the aroma branches of different perilla leaf essential oils. The identification method can realize the identification of the perilla leaf essential oil extracted by different chemical types and the identification of the perilla leaf essential oil extracted by different extraction methods, thereby providing scientific guidance for the development and application of the perilla leaf.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas phase-mass spectrum-olfactory discrimination instrument (GC-MS-O) and a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), belonging to the technical field of chemical analysis and detection.
Background
The perilla is used as a common medicinal and edible plant resource, has a long history of cultivation and use in China and is widely distributed in regions. The perilla can be divided into wild resources and cultivation resources according to the output types, and the cultivation resources can be divided into medicinal cultivation resources, edible cultivation resources, seed cultivation resources and the like according to different purposes. Due to the diversity of chemical types of perilla, the mainstream chemical type differentiation can be divided into the 'perilla' used in the traditional herbal (medicinal) in the past: the fragrance is fresh and sweet, the leaves are purple, and the chemical types of the leaves are mainly n-amyl furan and perillaldehyde; perilla leaf as "Perilla" for cooked food cooking: the fragrance is light and slightly sweet, the leaves are all green and wide and round, and the main chemical types are beta-caryophyllene and 2-acylfuran chemical types; the vegetable leaves are used as perilla as an auxiliary material of raw seafood: the spicy tea has perilla aldehyde characteristic oil green fragrance, is accompanied with lemon fragrance, has full green leaves and small area, has obvious saw teeth on the edges, and has the main chemical types of perilla aldehyde type and limonene type; and other chemical forms such as the shikonone form and its variants. Studies have proved that perilla ketone type perilla leaves can cause lung toxicity after being eaten by livestock, so that the perilla resources can be applied and produced only after different perilla leaf chemical types are analyzed and identified.
The existing method for identifying the chemical type of the perilla frutescens is mainly to extract essential oil in plant leaves of the perilla frutescens and analyze and detect the components of the perilla frutescens, the method for analyzing and detecting the chemical components of the essential oil is mainly gas phase-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the method is mature but the pretreatment is complex, and the result is not easy to compare the difference between samples.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing analytical identification method for perilla leaf essential oil has the problems of complex pretreatment, low sensitivity, low accuracy and low specificity and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas-mass spectrometry-sniffing instrument and a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a perilla leaf essential oil sample;
step 2: detecting the perilla leaf essential oil samples prepared in the step 1 by adopting a gas phase-mass spectrum-smell identification instrument, and determining aroma components in different perilla leaf essential oil samples and relative contents thereof and aroma branches;
and step 3: detecting the perilla leaf essential oil sample prepared in the step 1 by adopting gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to obtain GC-IMS fingerprint spectrums of volatile aroma components in different perilla leaf essential oils;
and 4, step 4: and (3) combining the results of the step (2) and the step (3), and carrying out difference analysis on the aroma components, the aroma content and the aroma branches of different perilla leaf essential oils.
Preferably, the perilla leaf essential oil sample in the step 1 is perilla leaf essential oil extracted from chemically-different perilla leaves or perilla leaf essential oil extracted by different extraction methods.
Preferably, the gas chromatography column model adopted in the step 2 is an HP-Innowax chromatography column with the size of 60m multiplied by 0.25mm multiplied by 0.25 mu m by adopting a gas-mass spectrometry-sniffer detection; the detection conditions of the gas chromatographic column are as follows:
sample introduction amount: 0.2 mu L;
the split ratio is as follows: 10: 1;
carrier gas: helium gas;
flow rate: 2 mL/min;
initial column temperature: maintaining at 50 deg.C for 2 min;
temperature rising procedure: heating to 115 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min; heating to 200 deg.C at a speed of 2 deg.C/min, and keeping for 3 min; finally 230 ℃ is reached at a rate of 4 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the gas-mass spectrometer-olfactory analyzer detection, the detection conditions of the mass spectrum are as follows:
an ionization mode: EI mode;
ionization energy: 70 eV;
ion source temperature: 230 ℃;
scanning mode: a full scan mode;
scanning range: m/z 30-450;
scanning rate: 1 scan/s.
Preferably, the specific method for detecting by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry in step 3 is as follows: putting 200 mu L of perilla leaf essential oil sample into a sample bottle, and incubating for 15min at 80 ℃ and 500 r/min; then, headspace sample injection is carried out under the condition that the temperature of a sample injection port is 85 ℃; keeping the column at 60 ℃ under isothermal condition, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen; eluting by adopting a programmed pressure boosting mode, and detecting gas separated by a gas chromatography capillary column in an ion migration tube; wherein, the carrier gas in the ion migration tube is nitrogen, the flow rate of the carrier gas is 150mL/min, and the detection temperature is 45 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for identifying the perilla leaf essential oil by combining the gas phase-mass spectrum-smell identification instrument (GC-MS-O) and the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combines the characteristics of GC-MS-O detection chemical components, aroma characteristics and strength with the characteristics of GC-IMS through headspace rapid direct sample introduction and accurate detection of chemical components, and supplements each other, so that the detection of the chemical components and aroma analysis of the perilla leaf essential oil is more comprehensive and accurate, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the aroma components in the perilla leaf essential oil can be realized, and the perilla leaf essential oil from different sources can be accurately distinguished;
2. the identification method of the invention not only can realize the identification of the perilla leaf essential oil obtained by extraction with different chemical types, but also can identify the perilla leaf essential oil obtained by extraction with different extraction methods, thereby providing scientific guidance for the development and application of perilla leaves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows different chemical forms of perilla leaves;
FIG. 2 is a radar chart of different chemical types of perilla leaf aroma shunting;
FIG. 3 is a GC-IMS spectrum (top view) of extracted perilla leaf essential oil;
FIG. 4 is a difference diagram of gas phase ion mobility spectrometry of extracted perilla leaf essential oil;
FIG. 5 is a Gallery Plot (fingerprint) of extracted perilla leaf essential oil;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the analysis of the main components of the extracted essential oil of perilla leaf;
figure 7 is a fingerprint similarity analysis (euclidean distance).
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Extracting different chemical perilla leaf essential oil by adopting a water extraction method:
taking 20g of dried leaf powder of perilla leaves of different chemical types (as shown in figure 1, wherein the left pictures of A1 and A2 are the back sides of the leaves, the right pictures are the front sides of the leaves, the front sides and the back sides of A1 are both green, and the back sides of A2 are purple and the front sides are green.) to mix with 1000mL of distilled water, and performing steam distillation for 3h to obtain perilla leaf essential oil A1 and A2.
Example 2
Extracting different chemical perilla leaf essential oils by adopting a deep eutectic solution:
20g of dry perilla leaf powder was mixed with 72g of a natural deep eutectic solution (choline chloride: malic acid, molar ratio 2:1) and then mixed in 1000mL of distilled water. Steam distilling the mixed solution for 3h to obtain folium Perillae essential oils B1 and B2. The same perilla leaves were used for B1 and A1, and the same perilla leaves were used for B2 and A2.
Example 3
Detecting chemical components of the perilla leaf essential oil by GC-MS-O:
perilla leaf essential oils A1, A2, B1 and B2 obtained in example 1 and example 2 were subjected to GC-MS-O detection analysis, respectively. Detection conditions are as follows: the sample feeding amount is 0.2 mu L, the split ratio is 10:1, the carrier gas is helium, and the flow rate is 2 mL/min. The initial column temperature is 50 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2min, and the subsequent temperature rising program is as follows: heating to 115 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min; heating to 200 deg.C at a speed of 2 deg.C/min, and keeping for 3 min; finally 230 ℃ is reached at a rate of 4 ℃/min. The detection conditions of the mass spectrum are as follows: EI ionization mode, 70eV, ion source temperature 230 ℃, full scan mode, scan range of m/z30-450, scan rate of 1 scan/s. Analysis by gas-mass spectrometry was performed with simultaneous aroma sniffing (sniffing by a trained sensory evaluator, repeating the experiment three times, describing the smells, recording their aroma intensity and time point). The results of GC-MS-O analysis are shown in tables 1 to 4 and FIG. 2.
TABLE 1 GC-MS-O analysis results of perilla leaf essential oil A1
TABLE 2 GC-MS-O analysis results of perilla leaf essential oil A2
TABLE 3 GC-MS-O analysis results of perilla leaf essential oil B1
TABLE 4 GC-MS-O analysis results of perilla leaf essential oil B1
Wherein the fragrance intensity is from weak to strong represented by 0-5. As is clear from tables 1 to 4 and FIG. 2, the essential oils A1 and A2 of perilla leaves of different chemical types have different chemical compositions and fragrances. In the GC-MS-O results, the main components in A1 were l-perillaldehyde (relative content 64.29%), beta-caryophyllene (relative content 7.50%), and linalool (relative content 1.49%); the main components of A2 are 2-acetylfuran (relative content 69.83%), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (relative content 4.42%), and beta-caryophyllene (relative content 4.11%). In terms of fragrance, A1 is more pungent than A2, and A2 has stronger citrus and grass notes. The chemical components and the fragrance of the perilla leaf essential oil with different chemical types are different after the pretreatment of the NADES. The main components in B1 and B2 are similar to those in A1 and A2 respectively: b1 is l-perillaldehyde (relative content 61.29%), B2 is 2-acetylfuran (relative content 54.20%); compared with the branched B2 fragrance, the B1 fragrance has stronger grass green fragrance, the B1 fragrance is stronger, and the B2 fragrance is stronger in orange fragrance, costustoot fragrance and flower fragrance.
Example 4
Detecting chemical components of the perilla leaf essential oil by GC-IMS:
respectively putting perilla leaf essential oil A1, A2, B1 and B2200 microliter into a sample bottle, and incubating for 15min at 80 ℃ and 500 r/min; then, headspace sample injection is carried out under the condition that the temperature of a sample injection port is 85 ℃; keeping the column at 60 ℃ under isothermal condition, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen; eluting by adopting a programmed pressure boosting mode, and detecting gas separated by a gas chromatography capillary column in an ion migration tube; wherein, the carrier gas in the ion migration tube is nitrogen, the flow rate of the carrier gas is 150mL/min, and the detection temperature is 45 ℃. The detection results are shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. In fig. 3 and 4, the vertical line at the abscissa 1.0 is the RIP peak (reactive ion peak, normalized). The ordinate represents the retention time(s) of the gas chromatogram and the abscissa represents the ion migration time (normalization treatment). Each point on either side of the RIP peak represents a volatile organic. Color represents the concentration of a substance, with deeper color indicating greater concentration. With respect to the difference map, in order to more clearly compare the differences between different samples, a difference comparison mode can be used: and selecting the spectrogram of one sample as a reference, and subtracting the reference from the spectrograms of other samples. If the two volatile organics are identical, the background after subtraction is white, while the dark color indicates that there is a difference between the samples, and FIG. 4 is a graph of the difference made by selecting A1 as a reference.
From the GC-IMS general spectrum of figure 3 and the difference chart of figure 4, the perilla leaf essential oil A2 is similar to B2, and the differences of A1, A2, A1, B1, A2 and B2 are obvious.
From fig. 5Gallery Plot (fingerprint), it can be seen that the species and concentration differences of the volatile substances of the 4 essential oils are obvious. Combining the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) chart of FIG. 6 and the fingerprint similarity analysis chart of FIG. 7, it can be seen that the volatile substances of A2 and B2 are relatively similar in the four samples, and the difference between the A1 and B1 essential oil samples is relatively large. The concentration in the a1 sample is significantly greater than that in the other samples, and the main substances that can be used as characteristic volatile substances for distinguishing the differences between the samples are: linalool, Z-2-penten-1-ol, hexanol, terpinolene, and the like. The same observation indicates that the concentration of the volatile species in the B1 sample is higher than in the other samples, mainly from left to right: 2-methylbutanal, beta-myrcene, alpha-terpinene, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, methylheptenone, linalool oxide, 2-pentylfuran, and the like. The highest concentration of species in a2 is mainly: benzaldehyde, E-2, 4-heptenal, methyl acetate, 1 octen-3-ol, 4-methyl-2-ketone, E-2-valeraldehyde, Z-4-heptenal, E-3-hexene-1-aldehyde, 3-octanone, and the like. The highest concentration of species in B2 was mainly: 1-penten-3-one and hexanal, etc.
Consistent with the conclusions of Gallery Plot, 4 samples were distinguishable by PCA Plot and fingerprinting similarity analysis, with a2 being more similar to B2, and a1 being more different from B1, a2 being more similar to B2, and a1 being more different from a 2. Namely, the perilla leaf essential oil of two different chemical types is different, and the detected chemical components of the perilla leaf essential oil obtained by perilla leaves of the same chemical type through different methods are also different.
In conclusion, the method for identifying the perilla leaf essential oil by combining the gas phase-mass spectrum-smell identification instrument (GC-MS-O) and the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) provided by the invention provides smell aroma judgment by using the gas phase-mass spectrum-smell identification instrument (GC-MS-O) on the basis of gas phase-mass spectrum combination, and is favorable for analyzing the components and aroma of various chemical perilla leaf essential oils; meanwhile, the pretreatment is simple and convenient by utilizing gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), the most original volatile chemical components and aroma are reserved, the characteristics of the perilla essential oil can be truly reflected, the minimum detection limit of the IMS can reach ppb level or even ppt level, accurate detection can be carried out on perilla leaves with the effective components being volatile substances, a three-dimensional spectrogram is collected, and a sample is further analyzed by utilizing multivariate data analysis, so that the difference among various varieties is compared. The GC-MS-O and GC-IMS are combined to analyze and identify different chemical perilla leaf essential oils, and compared with single GC-MS analysis, the method can more accurately analyze chemical substances, provide characteristic aroma description for the different chemical perilla leaf essential oils, and provide scientific guidance for development and utilization of perilla leaves.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way and substantially, it should be noted that those skilled in the art may make several modifications and additions without departing from the scope of the present invention, which should also be construed as a protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas-mass spectrometry-olfactory analyzer and a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: preparing a perilla leaf essential oil sample;
step 2: detecting the perilla leaf essential oil samples prepared in the step 1 by adopting a gas phase-mass spectrum-smell identification instrument, and determining aroma components in different perilla leaf essential oil samples and relative contents thereof and aroma branches;
and step 3: detecting the perilla leaf essential oil sample prepared in the step 1 by adopting gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to obtain GC-IMS fingerprint spectrums of volatile aroma components in different perilla leaf essential oils;
and 4, step 4: and (3) combining the results of the step (2) and the step (3), and carrying out difference analysis on the aroma components, the aroma content and the aroma branches of different perilla leaf essential oils.
2. The method for identifying essential oil of perilla leaf by combining a gas-mass spectrometer-olfactory analyzer with a gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample of essential oil of perilla leaf in step 1 is extracted from perilla leaf of an unidentified type or extracted by a different extraction method.
3. The method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas-mass spectrometer-olfactory analyzer with a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas chromatography column model used in the detection of the gas-mass spectrometer-olfactory analyzer in the step 2 is 60m x 0.25mm x 0.25 μm HP-Innowax chromatography column; the detection conditions of the gas chromatographic column are as follows:
sample introduction amount: 0.2 mu L;
the split ratio is as follows: 10: 1;
carrier gas: helium gas;
flow rate: 2 mL/min;
initial column temperature: maintaining at 50 deg.C for 2 min;
temperature rising procedure: heating to 115 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min; heating to 200 deg.C at a speed of 2 deg.C/min, and keeping for 3 min; finally 230 ℃ is reached at a rate of 4 ℃/min.
4. The method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas-mass spectrometer-olfactory analyzer with a gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the gas-mass spectrometer-olfactory analyzer, the detection conditions of mass spectrum are as follows:
an ionization mode: EI mode;
ionization energy: 70 eV;
ion source temperature: 230 ℃;
scanning mode: a full scan mode;
scanning range: m/z 30-450;
scanning rate: 1 scan/s.
5. The method for identifying perilla leaf essential oil by combining a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactory analyzer and a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for detecting by using the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry in the step 3 is as follows: putting 200 mu L of perilla leaf essential oil sample into a sample bottle, and incubating for 15min at 80 ℃ and 500 r/min; then, headspace sample injection is carried out under the condition that the temperature of a sample injection port is 85 ℃; keeping the column at 60 ℃ under isothermal condition, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen; eluting by adopting a programmed pressure boosting mode, and detecting gas separated by a gas chromatography capillary column in an ion migration tube; wherein, the carrier gas in the ion migration tube is nitrogen, the flow rate of the carrier gas is 150mL/min, and the detection temperature is 45 ℃.
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