CN113984665A - System and method for measuring inherent optical characteristics of seawater based on optical filter array - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring inherent optical characteristics of seawater. A seawater inherent optical characteristic measuring system based on an optical filter array comprises a light emitting unit, a sample measuring unit and a detecting unit; the light emergent unit is arranged at one end of the sample measuring unit and used for providing an incident light source for the sample measuring unit; the detection unit is arranged at the other end of the sample measurement unit and is used for detecting the optical signal output by the sample measurement unit; the sample measuring unit comprises two measuring tubes, one measuring tube being used for measuring the attenuation properties of the seawater and the other measuring tube being used for measuring the absorption properties of the seawater. The seawater inherent optical characteristic measuring system based on the optical filter array has the advantages of simple system structure, convenience in operation, no need of introducing other special light sources and spectrum detecting instruments, and remarkable reduction of the complexity and the device cost of the whole system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring inherent optical characteristics of seawater.
Background
The transparency of seawater is an important parameter for describing the optical characteristics of seawater, and can reflect the attenuation degree of seawater to light. In the visible band, blue light is most permeable in pure water, while red light is the weakest. However, colored soluble organic matters, suspended particles and the like in seawater also absorb and scatter light, so that the attenuation conditions of the light in the seawater are greatly different. In practical application, the seawater transparency information needs to be measured in real time, and the parameter provides important basis for performance evaluation of an underwater optical imaging system, analysis of underwater imaging quality influence factors and the like.
The inherent optical characteristics of seawater are usually measured by using a built-in light source, and light emitted by the light source is collected by a photoelectric detection device after passing through a measuring tube provided with a seawater sample to be measured. Because the light is attenuated when transmitted in the seawater, the influence of multiple scattering is ignored when the length of the measuring tube is shorter, the transmission characteristic of the light in the seawater conforms to the Lambert law, namely,
I(λ)＝I0(λ)e-c(λ)ι
wherein, I0(lambda) is the light intensity of the light source at the input end of the measuring tube, I (lambda) is the light intensity at the output end of the measuring tube, l is the length of the measuring tube, c (lambda) is the attenuation coefficient of the measured seawater, the above formula is further rewritten,
and the sea water attenuation coefficient c (lambda) has the following relation with the absorption coefficient a (lambda) and the scattering coefficient b (lambda),
c(λ)＝a(λ)+b(λ)
by specially treating the measuring tube wall so that b (λ) is 0 as much as possible, a (λ) can be approximated to
According to the measurement principle, a measuring instrument can be designed to measure the attenuation coefficient and the absorption coefficient of the seawater, so that the quantitative description of the seawater transparency parameter is obtained.
Generally, if water characteristic parameters under multiple wavelengths need to be measured, one scheme is to introduce a wavelength-adjustable combined light source or a special light source such as a laser, and the other scheme is to use a micro spectrometer for detection. At present, the two methods have the defects of complex system and high device cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the system and the method for measuring the inherent optical characteristics of the seawater based on the optical filter array, and a special light source and a spectrum detection instrument are not required to be introduced, so that the complexity of the whole system and the device cost are reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a seawater inherent optical characteristic measuring system based on an optical filter array comprises a light emitting unit, a sample measuring unit and a detecting unit; the light emergent unit is arranged at one end of the sample measuring unit and used for providing an incident light source for the sample measuring unit; the detection unit is arranged at the other end of the sample measurement unit and is used for detecting the optical signal output by the sample measurement unit; the sample measuring unit comprises two measuring tubes, one measuring tube being used for measuring the attenuation properties of the seawater and the other measuring tube being used for measuring the absorption properties of the seawater.
Furthermore, the light-emitting unit include the broad spectrum light source, the broad spectrum light source is connected two and is expanded the beam collimating mirror, the output beam of expanding the beam collimating mirror is followed it gets into inside to survey the terminal surface of buret.
Further, the detection unit comprises a filter array and an area array detector corresponding to each measuring tube; the optical filter array and the area array detector are closely attached and arranged in parallel.
Furthermore, the optical filter array is an M × N optical filter array, and each optical filter corresponds to a different central wavelength; the M × N center wavelengths are selected within a wavelength range of light emitted by the broad spectrum light source.
Further, the light-emitting unit further comprises an ultraviolet light source, and the ultraviolet light source and the broad spectrum light source are coupled and split by a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler; the wavelength range of the emitted light of the ultraviolet light source is 260 nm-280 nm.
Furthermore, the measuring tube for measuring the seawater absorption characteristic is plated with a metal internal reflection film on the outer wall of the side surface.
Further, the measuring tube for measuring the attenuation characteristic of the seawater has the side inner wall coated with a full absorption coating.
Furthermore, the two ends of the measuring pipe are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the inherent optical characteristics of the seawater based on the optical filter array, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, measuring the initial light intensity response value I of the light emitted by the broad spectrum light source on the area array detector through each wavelength channel on the optical filter array when no water body absorbs or attenuates0(λi)；
Secondly, filling the same water body samples into the two measuring tubes, and measuring response values I (lambada I) of the wide-spectrum light source emission light at different wavelength channels on the area array detector after the wide-spectrum light source emission light is absorbed and attenuated by the water body;
thirdly, calculating attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients corresponding to the water body samples under the MXN wavelength channels;
and fourthly, fitting an attenuation coefficient curve and an absorption coefficient curve respectively by using the calculated M multiplied by N attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients, and inverting the attenuation coefficients and the absorption coefficients in the whole spectral range.
The seawater inherent optical characteristic measuring system based on the optical filter array has the advantages of simple system structure, convenience in operation, no need of introducing other special light sources and spectrum detecting instruments, and remarkable reduction of the complexity and the device cost of the whole system. Through the M multiplied by N optical filter array, the attenuation characteristic and the absorption characteristic in the whole spectrum range are inverted, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater intrinsic optical property measurement system based on an optical filter array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 5 × 5 filter array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Embodiment a seawater intrinsic optical characteristic measurement system based on a filter array provided in this embodiment has a structure as shown in fig. 1, and the system is divided into two measurement optical paths for measuring an attenuation coefficient and an absorption coefficient of a seawater body, respectively. The two measuring light paths comprise a light emitting unit, a sample measuring unit and a detecting unit.
The light emitting unit comprises two LED light sources, wherein one of the two LED light sources is a white light LED light source 1 capable of stably outputting for a long time, the white light LED light source is used for generating a wide spectrum light beam required by multi-wavelength measurement, and the wavelength range of emitted light is 380 nm-780 nm; the other is an ultraviolet LED light source 2, the emission wavelength of which is 260 nm-280 nm, and the function is to inhibit the cell proliferation of marine organisms such as algae and the like through ultraviolet irradiation and prevent the adsorption and growth of bacteria or other marine microorganisms on system components, thereby prolonging the distribution time and prolonging the service life of the system.
The light emitted by the two LED light sources is transmitted through the conducting optical fiber 3, and a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 11 is arranged between the two LED light sources and used for coupling and splitting the light beams of the two light sources, so that the two measuring light paths share the light emitted by the same set of LED light sources. Since the transmittance of a general silica optical fiber is reduced after a certain period of time under the irradiation of strong ultraviolet light, in order to prevent the phenomenon, it is necessary to use an ultraviolet radiation resistant silica optical fiber (XSR) whose transmittance is substantially unchanged after the long-term irradiation of ultraviolet light. The wavelength range of the optical fiber transmission is between 190nm and 1100nm, and the wavelength ranges of the emitted light of the two LED light sources used, namely 260nm to 280nm and 380nm to 780nm, are covered. For better performance, the fiber is exposed to ultraviolet radiation for initial attenuation before use, and is allowed to equilibrate before use. The length of the exposure time is determined by the light source and the power. In addition, two outgoing ends of the conducting optical fiber 3 are connected with a beam expanding and collimating lens 4, so that light transmitted by the optical fiber is expanded and collimated. The output light beam of the beam expanding and collimating lens 4 enters the measuring tube through the end face of the measuring tube.
The sample measuring unit is two measuring tubes which are respectively used for measuring the attenuation coefficient and the absorption coefficient of a water sample, the two measuring tubes are quartz glass tubes, and the side walls of the two ends of the measuring tubes are respectively provided with a water inlet 9 and a water outlet 10 which are respectively used for injecting and discharging water samples. In order to keep the consistency of the water samples in the two measuring pipes, the water samples collected at one time are simultaneously injected into the two measuring pipes from the water inlet 9 by using a one-in-two pipeline, and the water samples are uniformly discharged from the two water outlets 10 by using a two-in-one pipeline.
For the side surface of the absorption coefficient measuring tube 5, the outer wall is plated with a metal silver internal reflection film, so that the absorption coefficient measuring tube has high internal reflection, scattered light can be reflected back to a seawater sample in the tube, and light signals of various wavelengths collected by a detector reflect the absorption characteristics of a water body under the wavelength. In contrast, the attenuation coefficient measuring tube 6 is coated with a fully absorbing coating on the inner side of its side walls, so that it has a strong absorption capability for light in the wavelength range to be measured, i.e. light scattered to the inner wall of the tube is completely absorbed. Therefore, the light absorbed and scattered by the water body cannot be received by the detector, that is, the light signal of each wavelength collected by the detector reflects the attenuation characteristic (the sum of absorption and scattering) of the water body at the corresponding wavelength. Furthermore, the two end faces of each measuring tube are transparent windows with a high light transmission for the entire detection wavelength range, the property parameters of which are completely identical.
The detection units are arranged on the other end face of the measuring tube, divided into two groups, respectively corresponding to the two measuring light paths, and used for receiving the attenuation light signals and the absorption light signals output from the inside of the measuring tube. Each group comprises an optical filter array 7 and an area array detector 8, and the optical filter array 7 and the area array detector 8 are closely attached and arranged in parallel.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical filter array 7 is a 5 × 5 optical filter array, which includes 25 optical filters, and the high transmittance center wavelength of each optical filter is different from that of other optical filters, so that one optical filter and the corresponding closely attached pixel of the area array detector form a wavelength detection channel. The high transmittance center wavelength of the optical filters is required to be within the wavelength range of the emergent light of the white light LED light source, namely 380 nm-780 nm, and the spectral bandwidth is better than 10 nm. The 25 optical filters can select corresponding high-transmittance central wavelengths at equal intervals in the wavelength range of 380 nm-780 nm, and can also select specific wavelengths according to actual application requirements.
The performance of the two filter arrays used in the overall system should be consistent, i.e., the wavelengths of the individual filters selected on the two arrays are the same. In fact, the property parameters of the other symmetrical system components in the two measuring beam paths do not need to be kept consistent, and only need to be calibrated separately before measurement. The selected area array detector has high response rate to the whole detection wavelength range, and in order to ensure the measurement speed and the measurement precision, the embodiment adopts a high-speed 12-bit ADC for acquisition. M, N in the M × N filter array are integers not less than 3, respectively.
For the attenuated optical signal and the absorbed optical signal obtained on the area array detector 8, only the response values of the pixels corresponding to the central part of each optical filter are selected, and the response values of the pixels which are possibly influenced by the edges and the junctions of the optical filters are avoided. And combining or averaging the response values of all pixels selected under the same optical filter to perform equal signal processing, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal response of the single wavelength detection channel.
It should be noted that, for any measurement light path, the geometric centers of the beam expanding collimator lens at the light beam input end, the two end faces of the measurement tube, the filter array, the area array detector and other devices should be coaxial.
The system for measuring the inherent optical characteristics of seawater based on the filter array provided by the embodiment has the following basic working mechanism: after the white light LED light source 1 emits light, the light is transmitted and split by the conducting optical fiber 3 and the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 11, enters the two beam expanding collimating lenses, is expanded and collimated by the beam expanding collimating lenses 4, two light beams enter the measuring tubes from the end faces of one ends of the two measuring tubes respectively, continue to propagate in the measuring tubes and are emitted from the other ends of the measuring tubes after being absorbed or attenuated by a water sample. The emergent light beams irradiate the optical filter array 7 again, and response values of corresponding wavelengths can be obtained from the area array detector 8 attached to the optical filter array 7 through spectral filtering of optical filters with different wavelengths.
The second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring inherent optical characteristics of seawater based on an optical filter array, the method using the system of the first embodiment as a measuring tool, comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, before use, when no water sample exists in the two measuring tubes, the response of the white light LED light source at different wavelength channels is measured, namely, the initial light intensity response value I of each wavelength channel is measured when no water body absorbs or attenuates0(λi)。
And secondly, injecting a water sample from a water inlet 9 to fill the water samples in the two measuring tubes, and measuring response values I (lambada I) of the emergent light of the white light LED light source at different wavelength channels on the area array detector after the emergent light of the white light LED light source is absorbed or attenuated by the water.
Thirdly, calculating attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients corresponding to the water body samples under 25 wavelength channels, wherein the calculation process is as follows:
(1) attenuation coefficient:
according to the mechanism of light propagation in water, the attenuation rule formula of light beams in water is as follows:
I(λi)＝I0(λi)exp(-c(λi)*l)；
where l is the length of the attenuation coefficient measurement tube, in units: and m and c (lambda i) are attenuation coefficients of the measured seawater sample, and lambda i represents the corresponding transmission wavelength of the optical filter. Taking natural logarithm at both ends of the equal sign to obtain ln (I (lambada I)) - [ c (lambada I) × l × (I)0(λ I)), thereby obtaining the attenuation coefficient c (λ I) ═ 1/l × ln (I (λ I)/I) of the seawater sample to be measured0(λ i)), monoThe bit is m ^ (-1).
(2) Absorption coefficient:
the sea water attenuation coefficient c (λ i) has the following relationship with the absorption coefficient a (λ i) and the scattering coefficient b (λ i):
c(λi)＝a(λi)+b(λi)；
the wall of the absorption coefficient measuring tube is specially treated, and the outer wall is plated with a silver internal reflection film, so that the silver internal reflection film has high internal reflection, and can reflect the scattered light back into the seawater sample in the tube, so that the light absorbed by the water body is almost completely transmitted and received by the detector, and b (lambda) is almost equal to 0, and the absorption coefficient can be approximate to a (lambda I) ═ 1/l × ln (I (lambda I)/I)0(λ i)), in m ^ -1, where l is the length of the tube measured by the absorption coefficient, in: and m is selected.
And fourthly, respectively fitting an attenuation coefficient curve and an absorption coefficient curve by utilizing the calculated 25 attenuation coefficients and 25 absorption coefficients to invert the inherent optical characteristics of the seawater body.
The system can continuously inject new water samples from the water inlet 9 and simultaneously discharge old water samples from the water outlet 10, and through the operation, the continuous update of water samples in the measuring pipe can be realized. The light intensity response value I (lambda I) at each moment is obtained from the area array detector, so that the attenuation coefficient and the absorption coefficient of the water body sample in the measuring tube at the corresponding moment under each wavelength can be calculated according to the derivation formula, and the real-time continuous monitoring on the inherent optical characteristics of the seawater water body can be realized.
In order to avoid the possible performance change of system components such as a light source, a detector and the like in the long-time use process, the seawater sample in the measuring pipe needs to be emptied every time when measuring for a period of time, and the initial light intensity response value I of each wavelength channel is measured again once when no water body absorbs or attenuates according to the first step in the specific operation steps0And (lambdai), calibrating the system.
In addition, the ultraviolet LED light source configured for antifouling can also be periodically turned on for a certain period of time in the measurement gap, thereby inhibiting excessive attachment and propagation of microorganisms in water on the measurement tube, and preventing degradation of measurement accuracy and shortening of deployment time and service life.
Claims (9)
1. The seawater inherent optical characteristic measuring system based on the optical filter array is characterized in that: the device comprises a light emitting unit, a sample measuring unit and a detecting unit; the light emergent unit is arranged at one end of the sample measuring unit and used for providing an incident light source for the sample measuring unit; the detection unit is arranged at the other end of the sample measurement unit and is used for detecting the optical signal output by the sample measurement unit; the sample measuring unit comprises two measuring tubes, one measuring tube being used for measuring the attenuation properties of the seawater and the other measuring tube being used for measuring the absorption properties of the seawater.
2. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system of claim 1, wherein: the light-emitting unit include the broad spectrum light source, the broad spectrum light source is connected two and is expanded beam collimating mirror, expand beam collimating mirror's output beam follow the terminal surface of surveying buret gets into inside.
3. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system of claim 2, wherein: the detection unit comprises a filter array and an area array detector corresponding to each measuring tube; the optical filter array and the area array detector are closely attached and arranged in parallel.
4. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system according to claim 3, wherein: the optical filter array is an M multiplied by N optical filter array, and each optical filter corresponds to different central wavelengths; the M × N center wavelengths are selected within a wavelength range of light emitted by the broad spectrum light source.
5. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system of claim 2, wherein: the light emitting unit also comprises an ultraviolet light source, and the ultraviolet light source and the broad spectrum light source are coupled and split by a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler; the wavelength range of the emitted light of the ultraviolet light source is 260 nm-280 nm.
6. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the measuring tube for measuring the seawater absorption characteristic is coated with a metal internal reflection film on the outer wall of the side surface.
7. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the measuring tube for measuring the attenuation characteristic of seawater is coated with a full absorption coating on the inner wall of the side surface.
8. The filter array-based seawater intrinsic optical characteristics measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and the two ends of the measuring pipe are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.
9. A seawater inherent optical characteristic measuring method based on an optical filter array is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, measuring the initial light intensity response value of the wide-spectrum light source emitted light on the area array detector through each wavelength channel on the optical filter array when no water body absorbs or attenuates𝐼0(λi)；
Secondly, filling the same water body samples into the two measuring tubes, and measuring response values (lambada i) of the wide-spectrum light source emission light at different wavelength channels on the area array detector after the wide-spectrum light source emission light is absorbed and attenuated by the water body;
thirdly, calculating attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients corresponding to the water body samples under the MXN wavelength channels;
and fourthly, fitting an attenuation coefficient curve and an absorption coefficient curve respectively by using the calculated M multiplied by N attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients, and inverting the attenuation coefficients and the absorption coefficients in the whole spectral range.
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| CN112730318A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 北京理工大学 | Near-infrared quantum dot spectrometer, construction method thereof and spectral measurement method |
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Application publication date: 20220128 |