CN106908144B - A kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device and method - Google Patents
A kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106908144B CN106908144B CN201710192198.1A CN201710192198A CN106908144B CN 106908144 B CN106908144 B CN 106908144B CN 201710192198 A CN201710192198 A CN 201710192198A CN 106908144 B CN106908144 B CN 106908144B
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device and method, device includes optical lens, beam splitter, Measurement channel I, Measurement channel II and data processor；Optical lens is connected with beam splitter, and Measurement channel I and Measurement channel II are connected between beam splitter and data processor；Measurement channel I includes photodetector I, preamplifier I and photon counter I；Measurement channel II includes monochromator, photodetector II, preamplifier II, photon counter II.The present apparatus carries out count measurement using two Measurement channels to number of photons, it obtains obtaining monochromatic number of photons while photon counting total amount, the ratio of different wave length photon in photon counting total amount can be obtained, it is accurate to count simultaneously, and it need not repeat to measure, the luminous energy spatial distribution in light beam is measured simultaneously, illuminance measuring accuracy of measurement can be improved, can realize 10‑13The measurement of the ultraweak starlight illuminations of lx.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to starlight illumination fields of measurement, especially a kind of signal-to-noise ratio is low, high certainty of measurement ultraweak starlight
Illumination photometry device and method.
Background technology
Currently, with the development of detecting technique, in fields pair such as Space Object Detection, Star navigation system and biologic medicals
Higher and higher measurement request also proposed to the measurement of faint illuminance, for example starlight analog device waits stars (about by current 4
10-3Lx 7 equal stars (about 10) are expanded to-9Lx), lx is lux, the international unit of illumination；The illumination of space exploration target is big
About 10-11Lx is horizontal；The fluorescence illumination in biologic medical field is even lower, and current low-light illumination photometer is only capable of reaching 10-3~
10-5The low-light illumination photometry demand of these current Disciplinary Frontiers is much not achieved in lx.
Typical illumination photometer is made of cosine corrector, optical filter, detector, data processor, is surveyed in intense light irradiation degree
Higher measurement reproducibility and precision are shown in amount, but signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low in the measurement of ultraweak starlight, or even can not catch
Obtain optical signal.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device and methods, solve starlight illumination meter precision
Difference can not achieve the problem of ultraweak starlight measures.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device, including optical lens (1), beam splitter
(2), Measurement channel I, Measurement channel II and data processor (10)；
The optical lens (1) is connected with beam splitter (2), and the Measurement channel I and Measurement channel II are connected to point
Between beam device (2) and data processor (10)；
The Measurement channel I includes photodetector I (3), preamplifier I (4) and photon counter I (5)；
The photodetector I (3) is connected with beam splitter (2), is sequentially connected preamplifier I (4) and photon thereafter
Counter I (5), photon counter I (5) are connected with data processor (10)；
The Measurement channel II includes monochromator (6), photodetector II (7), preamplifier II (8), photon counting
Device II (9)；
The monochromator (6) is connected with beam splitter (2), and photodetector II (7), preposition is sequentially connected after monochromator (6)
Amplifier II (8) and photon counter II (9), photon counter II (9) are connected with data processor (10).
Further, the optical lens (1) includes a diaphragm, and the light hole of diaphragm is the round tube hole of diameter D, the diaphragm
The diameter D of light hole is the effective aperture of optical lens (1).
Further, the effective aperture D of the optical lens (1) be less than starlight analog device emergent pupil dimension D ', 2 β of field angle
More than 2 α of the angle of divergence of incident beam, in the range of ensureing that incident light fully enters optical lens, energy accumulating is carried out.
Further, beam splitter (2) the optics bore is 20mm × 20mm × 20mm, is coated with 50% part reflective semitransparent film
0.4 μm~0.8 μm optics antireflective film is plated in layer, light incidence and outgoing end face, and single surface transmission rate is not less than 98%, beam splitter
(2) incident beam is divided into two-way, and reduces the loss of incident beam as far as possible, that is, reduced reflected light, increase transmitted light.
Further, 0.4 μm~0.8 μm of monochromator (6) spectral region, spectral resolution 2nm ± 1, wavelength location
Repeatable accuracy ± 1nm, NA values are 0.4, and monochromator (6) is adjusted, and can get the list of different wave length in different spectral regions
Coloured light.
Particularly, the ultraweak starlight illumination measurement method of a kind of measuring device, includes the following steps：
Step 1: incident beam carries out light flux collection by optical lens (1), by beam splitter (2) by incident beam
It is divided into two-way；
Step 2: incident beam is converged in all the way on the photosurface of photodetector I (3), opto-electronic conversion, output electricity are carried out
Signal；Another way enters on monochromator (6), carries out dispersion light splitting, obtains the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ；
Step 3: the electric signal of output is amplified by photodetector I (3) by preamplifier I (4)；Using
Photon counter I (5) carries out high precision count to photon, is counted to the number of photons of incident light, obtains photon counting total amount；
Step 4: the monochromatic light after dispersion light splitting converges on the photosurface of photodetector II (7), carries out photoelectricity and turn
It changes, converts optical signals to electric signal；Photodetector II (7) carries out the electric signal of output by preamplifier II (8)
Amplification；Photon is counted using photon counter II (9), the number of photons that wavelength is λ is obtained, to the light in light beam to be measured
Energy spatial distribution measures；
Step 5: monochromator (6) is adjusted, then the monochromatic light of different wave length can be obtained, repeats step 3 and step
Four；
Step 6: the measured value of photon counter I (5) and photon counter II (9) is transferred to number as input data
According to processor (10), illuminance is obtained with ultraweak starlight illumination mathematical model.
Further, the ultraweak starlight illumination mathematical model is：
Wherein, E-illuminance；
The absolute spectrum efficiency value of monochromatic light (wavelength 507nm) under the conditions of A-noctovision；
H-Planck's constant；
The speed of c-light in a vacuum；
The photon counting total amount that M-photon counter I (5) is counted to get；
S-optical lens entrance pupil area refers to the area of diaphragm light hole, specially S=(Π D2)/4；
ηλ- wavelength is the monochromatic luminosity functions of λ；
The wavelength of λ-incident light；
kλ- wavelength is the photon numbers of λ proportionality coefficient shared in photon counting total amount.
Further, the kλThe number of photons and photon counting for being λ by the wavelength that photon counter II (9) counts to get
The ratio between the photon counting total amount that device I (5) is counted to get.
Particularly, restrictive condition when measuring device and measuring method use of the invention is：
(1) the effective aperture D of optical lens (1) be less than starlight analog device emergent pupil dimension D ', 2 β of field angle be more than incident light
The angle of divergence of beam is 2 α, and deviation controls within the scope of ± 20% β；
(2) it is tested light uniform-illumination on tested area, and in the ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device of the area covering
Entrance pupil area (S)；
(3) it is non-transient measurement to be tested illuminance measurement, i.e. light source can be lighted continually and steadily for a long time.
The present invention provides a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device and methods, using two Measurement channels to number of photons
Count measurement is carried out, obtains obtaining monochromatic number of photons while photon counting total amount, can be obtained in photon counting total amount not
The ratio of co-wavelength photon, while counting accurate, and need not repeat to measure, at the same to the luminous energy spatial distribution in light beam into
Row measures, and illuminance measuring accuracy of measurement can be improved, can realize 10-13The measurement of the ultraweak starlight illuminations of lx.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is only used for showing the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not considered as limitation of the present invention, in entire attached drawing
In, identical reference mark indicates identical component.
Fig. 1 is the ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device overall structure diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1- optical lens, 2- beam splitters, 3- photodetectors I, 4- preamplifiers I, 5- photon counters I, 6-
Monochromator, 7- photodetectors II, 8- preamplifiers II, 9- photon counters II, 10- data processors.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention provides a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring devices and method, faint starlight to refer to illumination 10-8
~10-9Starlight within the scope of lx, ultraweak starlight refer to that illumination is less than 10-9The starlight of lx.
As shown in Figure 1, the measuring device includes optical lens (1), beam splitter (2), Measurement channel I, II and of Measurement channel
Data processor (10).
Optical lens (1) is connected with beam splitter (2), Measurement channel I and Measurement channel II be connected to beam splitter (2) and
Between data processor (10).
Measurement channel I includes photodetector I (3), preamplifier I (4) and photon counter I (5).
Photodetector I (3) is connected with beam splitter (2), is sequentially connected preamplifier I (4) and photon counting thereafter
Device I (5), photon counter I (5) are connected with data processor (10).
Measurement channel II includes monochromator (6), photodetector II (7), preamplifier II (8), photon counter II
(9)。
Monochromator (6) is connected with beam splitter (2), and photodetector II (7), preposition amplification are sequentially connected after monochromator (6)
Device II (8) and photon counter II (9), photon counter II (9) are connected with data processor (10).
When measurement, emit incident beam, the exit pupil diameter D ' of starlight analog device, emitted incident light using starlight analog device
The angle of divergence of beam is 2 α.Optical lens (1) polymerize the energy of incident light, is split to incident light by beam splitter (2),
Incident light carries out technology by Measurement channel I to total number of photons of incident light all the way after beam splitting, obtains photon counting total amount；Another way
Incident light is detached by monochromator (6), the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ is obtained, by the λ a length of to incident light medium wave of Measurement channel II
Monochromatic number of photons counted, obtain wavelength be λ number of photons.
Effective aperture 20mm ± 0.02mm of optical lens (1), effective focal length 100mm ± 0.1mm, 2 β of field angle be 2 ° ±
0.1 °, the angle of divergence which should be greater than incident beam is 2 α.Optical lens (1) uses Cook formula three pieces camera lens, including three
Piece lens.First lens front surface radius of curvature 49.43mm, 6.3 ± 0.1mm of thickness, rear surface radius of curvature-
352.18mm lens material SK16.Spacing between the front surface and the rear surface of first lens of second lens is
11.3 ± 0.1mm, second lens front surface radius of curvature are -46.86mm, 7.2 ± 0.1mm of thickness, rear surface radius of curvature
For 44.35mm, lens material F2.Spacing between third piece lens front surface and second lens rear surface is 7.2 ±
0.1mm, third piece lens front surface radius of curvature 119.08mm, 7.5 ± 0.1mm of thickness, rear surface radius of curvature -40.7mm,
Rear surface 83.7 ± 0.1mm of focal plane apart from optical lens, optical material SK16.Diaphragm is located at second lens and third piece
Between lens, the rear surface of diaphragm front surface second lens of distance is 7.2 ± 0.1mm, and the light hole of diaphragm is diameter D=
The round tube hole of 20mm, the diameter D of the diaphragm light hole are the effective apertures of optical lens (1), which should be less than starlight
The exit pupil diameter D ' of simulator.The optical surface of three pieces lens plates 0.4 μm~0.8 μm optics antireflective film, single optical mirror slip
Transmissivity is not less than 95%.The camera lens is conducive to the collection of ultraweak starlight radiation energy, coordinates subsequent photodetector pre-
Estimate and may be implemented 10-15The measurement of lx illuminance.
Beam splitter (2) is 45 ° of beam splitter prisms, is put together by two pieces of 45 ° of right angle prisms, and centre is optical veneering layer.
Optics bore is 20mm × 20mm × 20mm, and intermediate optical cementing layer and incident ray angle are 45 ° ± 0.1 °, and plating 50% half is anti-
0.4 μm~0.8 μm optics antireflective film is plated in semi-transparent film layer, light incidence and outgoing end face, and the transmissivity of lens is not less than 98%.Point
Beam device optical material is vitreous silica optical glass.
Photodetector I (3) coordinates electric refrigerator C9144 using the R2949 type photomultipliers of Bin Song companies of Japan,
Dark count rate is less than 15photons/s, and side window opening 6mm × 6mm, front end is furnished with luminosity function ηλOptical filter can remove 0.4
μm~0.8 μm other than spectrum.
Preamplifier I (4) uses the SR445A high speed preamplifiers of SRS companies of the U.S., bandwidth to be not less than 350MHz,
Input noise is not more than 2.8nV/Hz.
Photon counter I (5) uses the SR400 photon counters of SRS companies of the U.S., counting rate to be counted up to 200MHz
Channel is provided with a generator, and range 5ns~1s is arranged in the time.In single pass, SR400 is programmable to be realized 1~2000 time
The cycle in period, built-in RS-232 interface and gpib interface are counted convenient for control device and fetches data.
It is that monochromatic light is convenient for spectrum analysis, selected monochromator spectrum model that the effect of monochromator (6), which is by light beam dispersion,
0.4 μm~0.8 μm is enclosed, spectral resolution 2nm ± 1, wavelength location repeatable accuracy ± 1nm, NA values are 0.4.
Photodetector II (7) coordinates electric refrigerator C9144 using the R2949 type photomultipliers of Bin Song companies of Japan,
Dark count rate is less than 15photons/s, and side window opening 6mm × 6mm, front end is furnished with luminosity function ηλOptical filter can remove 0.4
μm~0.8 μm other than spectrum.
Preamplifier II (8) uses the SR445A high speed preamplifiers of SRS companies of the U.S., bandwidth to be not less than
350MHz, input noise are not more than 2.8nV/Hz.
Photon counter II (9) uses the SR400 photon counters of SRS companies of the U.S., counting rate to be counted up to 200MHz
Channel is provided with a generator, and range 5ns~1s is arranged in the time.In single pass, SR400 is programmable to be realized 1~2000 time
The cycle in period, built-in RS-232 interface and gpib interface are counted convenient for control device and fetches data.
Data processor (10) handles two-way output data, i.e., is calculated according to ultraweak starlight illumination mathematical model
Obtain illuminance：
Wherein, E-illuminance, unit lx；
The absolute spectrum efficiency value of monochromatic light (wavelength 507nm), lm under the conditions of A-noctovision；
H-Planck's constant, J/s；
The speed of c-light in a vacuum, m/s；
The photon counting total amount that M-photon counter I (5) is counted to get；
S-optical lens entrance pupil area, m2, refer to the area of diaphragm light hole, specially S=(Π D2)/4；
ηλ- wavelength is the monochromatic luminosity functions of λ；
The wavelength of λ-incident light, m, value range is 0.4 μm~0.8 μm, therefore λ1=0.4 μm, λn=0.8 μm；
kλ- wavelength is the photon numbers of λ proportionality coefficient shared in photon counting total amount, specially photon counter
The ratio between the photon counting total amount that the wavelength that II (9) are counted to get is counted to get by the number of photons of λ with photon counter I (5).
Following steps are specifically included using the measurement method of the device：
Step 1: incident beam carries out light flux collection by optical lens (1), by beam splitter (2) by incident beam
It is divided into two-way.
Step 2: incident beam is converged in all the way on the photosurface of photodetector I (3), opto-electronic conversion, incident light are carried out
Beam another way enters on monochromator (6), carries out dispersion light splitting, obtains the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ.
Step 3: the electric signal of output is amplified by photodetector I (3) by preamplifier I (4), letter is promoted
Number amplitude；High precision count is carried out to photon using photon counter I (5), the number of photons of incident light is counted, is obtained
To photon counting total amount.
Step 4: the monochromatic light after dispersion light splitting converges on the photosurface of photodetector II (7), carries out photoelectricity and turn
It changes, converts optical signals to electric signal；Photodetector II (7) carries out the electric signal of output by preamplifier II (8)
Amplification, the amplitude of promotion signal；High precision count is carried out to photon using photon counter II (9), obtains the light that wavelength is λ
Subnumber obtains the ratio of different wave length photon in photon counting total amount compared with the photon counting total amount obtained in step 4, right
Luminous energy spatial distribution in light beam to be measured measures, for improving illuminance measuring accuracy of measurement.
Step 5: monochromator (6) is adjusted, then the monochromatic light of different wave length can be obtained, repeats step 3 and step
Four.
Step 6: the measured value of photon counter I (5) and photon counter II (9) is transferred to number as input data
According to processor (10), illuminance is obtained with ultraweak starlight illumination mathematical model.
In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device and method, which uses two
Measurement channel carries out count measurement to number of photons, obtains obtaining monochromatic number of photons while photon counting total amount, can be obtained
The ratio of different wave length photon in photon counting total amount, while counting accurately, and need not repeat to measure, while in light beam
Luminous energy spatial distribution measure, illuminance measuring accuracy of measurement can be improved, can realize 10-13The survey of the ultraweak starlight illuminations of lx
Amount.
Although having been combined preferred embodiment to be described in detail the present invention, those skilled in the art answer
What it is when understanding is without prejudice to spirit of that invention and essence, and various amendments are all allowed, they both fall within this hair
Among bright scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device, which is characterized in that including optical lens (1), beam splitter (2), measure and lead to
Road I, Measurement channel II and data processor (10)；
The optical lens (1) is connected with beam splitter (2), and the Measurement channel I and Measurement channel II are connected to beam splitter
(2) between data processor (10)；
The Measurement channel I includes photodetector I (3), preamplifier I (4) and photon counter I (5)；
The photodetector I (3) is connected with beam splitter (2), is sequentially connected preamplifier I (4) and photon counting thereafter
Device I (5), photon counter I (5) are connected with data processor (10)；
The Measurement channel II includes monochromator (6), photodetector II (7), preamplifier II (8), photon counter II
(9)；
The monochromator (6) is connected with beam splitter (2), and photodetector II (7), preposition amplification are sequentially connected after monochromator (6)
Device II (8) and photon counter II (9), photon counter II (9) are connected with data processor (10).
2. a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the optical lens
(1) include a diaphragm, the light hole of diaphragm is the round tube hole of diameter D, and the diameter D of the diaphragm light hole is optical lens (1)
Effective aperture.
3. a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the optical lens
(1) effective aperture D be less than starlight analog device emergent pupil dimension D ', 2 β of field angle be more than incident beam 2 α of the angle of divergence.
4. according to a kind of any ultraweak starlight illumination measuring devices of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the beam splitting
Device (2) optics bore is 20mm × 20mm × 20mm, is coated with transflective film, light incidence and outgoing end face plate 0.4 μm~
0.8 μm of optics antireflective film, single surface transmission rate are not less than 98%.
5. a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measuring device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the monochromator (6)
0.4 μm~0.8 μm, 2 ± 1nm of spectral resolution, wavelength location repeatable accuracy ± 1nm of spectral region, NA values are 0.4.
6. a kind of ultraweak starlight illumination measurement method using any measuring devices of claim 1-5, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
Step 1: incident beam carries out light flux collection by optical lens (1), incident beam is divided by beam splitter (2)
Two-way；
Step 2: incident beam is converged in all the way on the photosurface of photodetector I (3), opto-electronic conversion is carried out, exports telecommunications
Number；Another way enters on monochromator (6), carries out dispersion light splitting, obtains the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ；
Step 3: the electric signal of output is amplified by photodetector I (3) by preamplifier I (4)；Using photon
Counter I (5) carries out high precision count to photon, is counted to the number of photons of incident light, obtains photon counting total amount；
Step 4: the monochromatic light after dispersion light splitting converges on the photosurface of photodetector II (7), opto-electronic conversion is carried out, it will
Optical signal is converted to electric signal；The electric signal of output is amplified by photodetector II (7) by preamplifier II (8)；
Photon is counted using photon counter II (9), the number of photons that wavelength is λ is obtained, to the luminous energy light in light beam to be measured
Spectral structure measures；
Step 5: monochromator (6) is adjusted, then the monochromatic light of different wave length can be obtained, repeats step 3 and step 4；
Step 6: the measured value of photon counter I (5) and photon counter II (9) is transferred to as input data at data
Device (10) is managed, illuminance is obtained with ultraweak starlight illumination mathematical model；
The ultraweak starlight illumination mathematical model is：
Wherein, E-illuminance；
The absolute spectrum efficiency value of monochromatic light (wavelength 507nm) under the conditions of A-noctovision；
H-Planck's constant；
The speed of c-light in a vacuum；
The photon counting total amount that M-photon counter I (5) is counted to get；
S-optical lens entrance pupil area refers to the area of diaphragm light hole, specially S=(Π D2)/4；
ηλ- wavelength is the monochromatic luminosity functions of λ；
The wavelength of λ-incident light；
kλ- wavelength is the photon numbers of λ proportionality coefficient shared in photon counting total amount.
7. ultraweak starlight illumination measurement method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the kλFor photon counter
The ratio between the photon counting total amount that the wavelength that II (9) are counted to get is counted to get by the number of photons of λ with photon counter I (5).
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| CN115373321A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-11-22 | 中国人民解放军96963部队 | Multi-path star simulator calibrating device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110595737A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-20 | 南京大学 | Optical characteristic measuring system and measuring method for micro-area |
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