CN113983071B - Method for matching face-to-face and back-to-back assembling bearing spacer by utilizing pretightening force - Google Patents

Method for matching face-to-face and back-to-back assembling bearing spacer by utilizing pretightening force Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113983071B
CN113983071B CN202111162301.0A CN202111162301A CN113983071B CN 113983071 B CN113983071 B CN 113983071B CN 202111162301 A CN202111162301 A CN 202111162301A CN 113983071 B CN113983071 B CN 113983071B
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bearing
ring
force
spacer
face
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CN113983071A (en
Inventor
张振强
尹延经
李文超
王东峰
马新忠
王琼
魏銮
铁晓艳
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Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co Ltd
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Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
    • F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The invention provides a method for selectively assembling bearing spacer rings face to face and back to back by utilizing pretightening force, which comprises the following steps that firstly, an inner spacer ring, an outer spacer ring and two sets of face to face or back to back bearings form a bearing assembly, and axial pressure is applied to an outer ring or an inner ring of an upper end bearing; secondly, when the axial pressure reaches the lower limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly, detecting the force required by the outer or inner spacer ring from static to dynamic, and carrying out preliminary judgment; and thirdly, when the axial pressure reaches the upper limit value, detecting the force required by the static to dynamic of the outer or inner spacer ring, and judging whether the spacer ring meets the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly. According to the invention, in a mode of applying the pre-tightening force in actual assembly, when the axial pressure is applied to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pre-tightening force required by the bearing assembly, the force required by the movement of the outer or inner spacer ring is measured, whether the spacer ring meets the matching standard is judged, and the process considers the form and position tolerance and the elastic deformation of the spacer ring, so that the pre-tightening force of the bearing in actual assembly is consistent with the expected pre-tightening force, and the bearing is ensured to reach the expected use state.

Description

Method for matching face-to-face and back-to-back assembling bearing spacer by utilizing pretightening force
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing spacer ring matching, in particular to a method for matching face-to-face and back-to-back matching bearing spacer rings by utilizing pretightening force.
Background
When the angular contact ball bearing is used, two sets of bearings are generally assembled, namely DF-assembled bearings shown in fig. 1 comprise a first bearing 10 and a second bearing 20, the narrow side end face of the outer ring of the first bearing 10 is opposite to the narrow side end face of the outer ring of the second bearing 20, and an inner spacer ring 30 and an outer spacer ring 40 are arranged between the two sets of bearings. In addition, there is a DB-fitted (back-to-back-fitted) bearing as shown in fig. 2, which includes a first bearing 1 and a second bearing 2, wherein the broadside end surface of the outer ring of the first bearing 1 is disposed opposite to the broadside end surface of the outer ring of the second bearing 2, and an inner spacer 3 and an outer spacer 4 are disposed between the two sets of bearings.
The angular contact ball bearing generally needs pre-tightening in the use process, the pre-tightening is mainly realized by measuring the protruding value of the bearing under the condition of the required pre-tightening force, and then, proper inner and outer spacer rings are selected according to the formula of the bearing, and the process is called the assembly of the bearing. Therefore, during assembly of the bearings, the selection and matching of the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are very important, the existing selection and matching method at present is to independently measure the protruding quantity value of two sets of bearings, then select the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring with proper height difference, if the assembly mode is DF, the height difference value of the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring is equal to the sum of the protruding quantity values of the two sets of bearings; if the assembling mode is DB, the height difference of the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring needs to be the same as the sum of the protruding amounts of the two sets of bearings.
The spacer ring matching method ignores form and position tolerance and elastic deformation of the spacer ring, so that a gap exists between the pretightening force of the actually assembled bearing and the expected pretightening force, and the application of the bearing is adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for selecting and matching face-to-face assembling bearing spacer rings by utilizing pre-tightening force, which solves the problem that the pre-tightening force and the expected pre-tightening force of an actual assembling bearing have a gap due to the fact that the form and position tolerance and elastic deformation of the spacer rings are not considered in the existing spacer ring selecting and matching method; the invention also aims to provide a method for matching back-to-back assembly of the bearing spacer by using the pre-tightening force, so as to solve the problem that the pre-tightening force of the actual assembly bearing is different from the expected pre-tightening force due to the fact that the shape and position tolerance and elastic deformation of the spacer are not considered in the existing spacer matching method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for selecting and matching the face-to-face assembled bearing spacer ring by utilizing the pretightening force in the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for selecting and matching the face-to-face assembled bearing spacer ring by utilizing the pretightening force comprises the following steps:
step one, an inner spacer ring, an outer spacer ring and an upper bearing and a lower bearing which are to be detected face to face form a bearing assembly, a gap is reserved between the outer ring of the upper bearing and the outer spacer ring in an initial state, then the outer ring of the lower bearing is supported, and downward axial pressure F is applied to the outer ring of the upper bearing a The outer ring of the upper end bearing moves downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure F a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When the outer space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, wherein mu is the static friction coefficient between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the outer spacer, the following steps are continued if F' 1 Mu W, the inner space ring and the outer space ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the outer space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), it is stated that the inner and outer spacers meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the invention comprises an inner space ring and an outer space ring to be detected, and an upper bearing and a lower bearing which are in face-to-face form, and adoptsApplying downward axial pressure F to the outer ring of the upper end bearing by a practical assembly mode and a pre-tightening force applying mode a The outer ring of the upper end bearing is moved downwards, so that the gap between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer ring is gradually reduced.
Then, the axial pressure F is gradually increased a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When detecting the force F 'required by the outer space ring from rest to sliding' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, the outer spacer overcomes the static friction force between the outer ring of the lower end bearing from static to sliding, namely, no pressure exists between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer, the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer are not contacted or just contacted, and conversely, the actual pretightening force of the bearing assembly is larger than F 1 In the lower limit value F 1 Above, half of the requirements are met, so that if the above results appear, the following steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirements of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacer rings cannot meet the matching requirements.
Finally, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the outer space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), it is stated that the inner and outer spacers meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly. Wherein when the axial pressure F a Reaching the upper limit value F 2 In the case of F' 2 >F′ 1 It is expected that the outer ring of the upper end bearing is contacted with the outer spacer ring for a long time, pressure exists between the outer ring and the outer spacer ring, and larger force is needed to move the outer spacer ring, otherwise, the purpose of bearing pre-tightening cannot be achieved.
At the same time F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), since the inner spacer is supported between the two bearings until the gap between the outer ring of the upper bearing and the outer spacer is lost, only the inner spacer is stressed, the outer spacer is unstressed, and after the outer ring of the upper bearing contacts the outer spacer,the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are stressed together, so that the force applied by the outer spacer ring is necessarily less than or equal to F under the characteristic of assembling the bearing 2 -F 1 Corresponding to the previously loaded force F 1 Are all carried by the inner spacer. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end surface of the outer spacer and the outer ring of the upper end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 ) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the outer spacer ring and the outer ring of the lower end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 +W), the sum of the two being 2 mu (F) 2 -F 1 +0.5W), which is the maximum static friction force that should be overcome when the outer spacer slides, to obtain F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W)。
Thus, if the load cell displays a value of less than or equal to 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is accounted for at an upper limit F 2 In the inside, this is in line with the expectations, and the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are in line with the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, so that the matching standard is achieved. Otherwise, if the load cell displays a value greater than 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), then the actual preload of the bearing assembly is shown to exceed F 2 This is not expected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly and do not meet the mating criteria.
In summary, the bearing assembly is formed by the inner spacer ring to be tested, the outer spacer ring and the upper sleeve bearing and the lower sleeve bearing, when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in an actual assembly and pretightening force application mode, the force required by the movement of the outer spacer ring is measured respectively, whether the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring meet the matching standard is judged, the form and position tolerance and the elastic deformation of the spacer ring are considered in the process, the pretightening force of the actual assembly bearing is kept consistent with the expected pretightening force, the accuracy of the pretightening force of the assembly bearing is effectively improved, and the assembly bearing can reach the expected use state.
Further, the gland with the groove is adopted to compress the outer ring of the upper end bearing, and downward acting force is applied to the gland through the force application mechanism.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the gland with the groove can avoid the inner ring of the upper end bearing, so that the force is conveniently applied to the outer ring of the upper end bearing.
Further, the outer ring of the lower end bearing is supported by adopting a support with a groove.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the support with the groove can avoid the inner ring of the lower end bearing, and the outer ring of the lower end bearing is conveniently supported.
Further, the dynamometer is a spring tension gauge.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: is convenient to be configured and used.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for selecting and matching back-to-back assembled bearing spacer rings by utilizing the pretightening force in the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for matching back-to-back assembled bearing spacer rings by utilizing the pretightening force comprises the following steps:
step one, an inner spacer ring and an outer spacer ring to be detected, an upper bearing and a lower bearing are combined into a bearing assembly in a back-to-back mode, a gap is reserved between the inner ring of the upper bearing and the inner spacer ring in an initial state, then the inner ring of the lower bearing is supported, and downward axial pressure F is applied to the inner ring of the upper bearing a The inner ring of the upper end bearing moves downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure F a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When the inner space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, wherein mu is the static friction coefficient between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the inner spacer, the following steps are continued if F' 1 Mu W, the inner space ring and the outer space ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the inner space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), then it is stated that the inner and outer spacers conform toThe preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the inner space ring and the outer space ring to be detected and the upper and lower sets of back-to-back bearings form a bearing assembly, and the inner ring of the bearing at the upper end is applied with downward axial pressure F in an actual assembly mode and a mode of applying pretightening force a The inner ring of the upper end bearing is moved downwards, so that the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer ring is gradually reduced.
Then, the axial pressure F is gradually increased a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When detecting the force F 'required by the inner space ring from rest to sliding' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, the inner spacer overcomes the static friction force between the inner spacer and the inner ring of the lower end bearing from static to sliding, namely that no pressure exists between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer, and the inner ring and the inner spacer are not contacted or just contacted, which means that the actual pretightening force of the bearing assembly is larger than F 1 In the lower limit value F 1 Above, half of the requirements are met, so that if the above results appear, the following steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirements of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacer rings cannot meet the matching requirements.
Finally, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the inner space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), it is stated that the inner and outer spacers meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly. Wherein when the axial pressure F a Reaching the upper limit value F 2 In the case of F' 2 >F′ 1 It is expected that the inner ring of the upper end bearing is contacted with the inner spacer ring, pressure exists between the inner ring and the inner spacer ring, and larger force is needed to move the inner spacer ring, otherwise, the aim of pre-tightening the bearing cannot be achieved.
At the same time F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W) due to the fact thatBefore the clearance between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer disappears, the outer spacer is always supported between the two bearings, only the outer spacer is stressed, the inner spacer is not stressed, and when the inner ring of the upper end bearing is contacted with the inner spacer, the inner spacer and the outer spacer are stressed together, so that under the characteristic of assembling the bearings, the force born by the inner spacer is necessarily smaller than or equal to F 2 -F 1 Corresponding to the previously loaded force F 1 Are all carried by the outer spacer. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end surface of the inner spacer ring and the inner ring of the upper end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 ) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the inner spacer ring and the inner ring of the lower end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 +W), the sum of the two being 2 mu (F) 2 -F 1 +0.5W), which is the maximum static friction that should be overcome when the inner spacer slides, to obtain F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W)。
Thus, if the load cell displays a value of less than or equal to 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is accounted for at an upper limit F 2 In the inside, this is in line with the expectations, and the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are in line with the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, so that the matching standard is achieved. Otherwise, if the load cell displays a value greater than 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), then the actual preload of the bearing assembly is shown to exceed F 2 This is not expected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly and do not meet the mating criteria.
In summary, the bearing assembly is formed by the inner spacer ring to be tested, the outer spacer ring and the upper sleeve bearing and the lower sleeve bearing, when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in an actual assembly and pretightening force application mode, the force required by the movement of the inner spacer ring is measured respectively, whether the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring meet the matching standard is judged, the form and position tolerance and the elastic deformation of the spacer ring are considered in the process, the pretightening force of the actual assembly bearing is kept consistent with the expected pretightening force, the accuracy of the pretightening force of the assembly bearing is effectively improved, and the assembly bearing can reach the expected use state.
Further, the gland is adopted to press the inner ring of the upper end bearing, and downward acting force is applied to the gland through the force application mechanism.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the gland is adopted, so that force is conveniently applied to the inner ring of the upper end bearing.
Further, the gland is provided with a perforation for the measuring end of the dynamometer to pass through.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the force needed by the inner space ring to move is conveniently detected by the dynamometer.
Further, the gland is provided with a groove with a downward opening.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: simple structure and light weight.
Further, a support is used for supporting the inner ring of the lower end bearing.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the inner ring of the lower end bearing is supported conveniently.
Further, the support is provided with a groove with an upward opening.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: simple structure and light weight.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a face-to-face assembled bearing of the prior art;
in fig. 1: 10. a first bearing; 20. a second bearing; 30. an inner spacer; 40. an outer spacer;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a prior art back-to-back assembled bearing;
in fig. 2: 1. a first bearing; 2. a second bearing; 3. an inner spacer; 4. an outer spacer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the implementation of step one of the method of the present invention for assembling bearing spacers face-to-face using a preload force;
FIG. 4 is a step two of the method of the present invention for assembling bearing spacers face-to-face using a preload force;
fig. 3-4: 10. a first bearing; 20. a second bearing; 30. an inner spacer; 40. an outer spacer; 50. a gland; 60. a support; 70. a load cell;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the implementation of step one of the method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pre-tightening force in accordance with the present invention;
in fig. 5: 1. a first bearing; 2. a second bearing; 3. an inner spacer; 4. an outer spacer; 5. a gland; 6. a support; 7. a load cell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" or the like does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
An embodiment of the method for selecting and matching face-to-face assembled bearing spacer rings by utilizing pretightening force in the invention comprises the following steps:
in the first step, as shown in fig. 3, the bearing assembly is formed by the inner spacer ring 30 and the outer spacer ring 40 to be tested and the upper and lower sets of bearings in face-to-face form, and a gap d is formed between the outer ring of the upper end bearing (i.e. the first bearing 10) and the outer spacer ring 40 in the initial state. The outer ring of the lower end bearing (namely, the second bearing 20) is supported by adopting a support 60 with a groove, so that the inner ring of the second bearing 20 is avoided; the outer ring of the first bearing 10 is pressed by the pressing cover 50 with a groove, thereby avoiding the inner ring of the first bearing 10, and the pressing cover 50 is applied with downward axial pressure F by a force application mechanism a The outer race of the first bearing 10 is moved downward.
Step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure F a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When the force F 'required by the outer spacer ring 40 to slide from rest is detected by the force gauge 70' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, where mu is the coefficient of static friction between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the outer spacer 40, then the following steps are continued, if F' 1 > mu W, indicating that the inner spacer ring 30 and the outer spacer ring 40 do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the second step is as follows: in the axial direction of pressure F a Before the expected pretightening force is increased, the gap d shown in fig. 3 gradually decreases due to the rigid deformation of the bearing itself and the ferrule itself, the outer spacer ring 40 does not support the first bearing 10 until the gap is completely disappeared, and all supporting force is provided by the inner spacer ring 30, so that the stress of the inner spacer ring 30 is equal to the pretightening force of the first bearing 10 and the second bearing 20 before the gap is completely disappeared, the outer spacer ring 40 is not stressed, the dynamometer 70 is a spring tensiometer or a thrust meter, and when the outer spacer ring 40 is pushed/pulled by the dynamometer 70, only the static friction force between the outer spacer ring 40 and the outer ring of the second bearing 20 needs to be overcome.
Thus, if the load cell 70 is used to detect the outer barrierThe force F 'required for the ring 40 to slide from rest' 1 By =μw, it is meant that the outer spacer ring 40 overcomes only the static friction with the outer ring of the lower end bearing from stationary to sliding, that is, that there is no pressure between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer ring 40, and that the two are not or just contacted, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, just contacted, which in turn means that the actual preload of the bearing assembly is greater than F 1 In the lower limit value F 1 Above, half of the requirements are met, so that if the above results appear, the following steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirements of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacer rings cannot meet the matching requirements.
Step three, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the force F 'required by the outer spacer ring 40 to slide from rest is detected by the force gauge 70' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), the inner and outer spacers 30, 40 are described as meeting the preload requirements of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the third step is as follows: first, when the axial pressure F a Reaching the upper limit value F 2 In the case of F' 2 >F′ 1 It is expected that the outer race of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer 40 are already in contact, and pressure exists between the two, so that a larger force is required to move the outer spacer 40, otherwise, the purpose of bearing pre-tightening cannot be achieved.
Next, F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W) because only the inner spacer 30 is forced before the clearance between the outer race of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer 40 is lost, and the inner and outer spacers are forced together after the outer race of the upper end bearing contacts the outer spacer 40, the force applied to the outer spacer 40 must be less than or equal to F under the characteristic of assembling the bearing 2 -F 1 Corresponding to the previously loaded force F 1 Are carried by the inner spacer 30. Therefore, the static friction between the upper end surface of the outer spacer 40 and the upper end bearing outer ring is less than or equal to μ (F 2 -F 1 ) Lower end face and lower end of outer spacer 40The static friction force between the outer rings of the bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 +W), the sum of the two being 2 mu (F) 2 -F 1 +0.5W), which is the maximum static friction that should be overcome when the outer spacer 40 slides, to obtain F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W)。
Therefore, if the load cell 70 displays a value less than or equal to 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is accounted for at an upper limit F 2 In the present description, the inner spacer ring 30 and the outer spacer ring 40 meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, and meet the matching standard. Otherwise, if the load cell 70 displays a value greater than 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), then the actual preload of the bearing assembly is shown to exceed F 2 This is not expected, meaning that the inner and outer spacers 30, 40 do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly and do not meet the mating criteria.
In summary, the bearing assembly is formed by the inner spacer ring to be tested, the outer spacer ring and the upper sleeve bearing and the lower sleeve bearing, when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in an actual assembly and pretightening force application mode, the force required by the movement of the outer spacer ring is measured respectively, whether the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring meet the matching standard is judged, the form and position tolerance and the elastic deformation of the spacer ring are considered in the process, the pretightening force of the actual assembly bearing is kept consistent with the expected pretightening force, the accuracy of the pretightening force of the assembly bearing is effectively improved, and the assembly bearing can reach the expected use state.
An embodiment of the method for selecting back-to-back assembly bearing spacer rings by utilizing pretightening force in the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 5, an inner spacer ring 3 and an outer spacer ring 4 to be tested and an upper set and a lower set of bearings in back-to-back form a bearing assembly, and a gap d' is formed between an inner ring of an upper end bearing (namely a first bearing 1) and the inner spacer ring 3 in an initial state. The inner ring of the lower end bearing (namely the second bearing 2) is supported by a support 6, and a groove with an upward opening is arranged on the support 6. The inner ring of the first bearing 1 is pressed by the gland 5, and the downward axial pressure F is applied to the gland 5 by the force application mechanism a The inner ring of the first bearing 1 is moved downward. Wherein, the gland 5 is provided with a groove with a downward opening, and the gland 5 is also provided with a perforation 5-1 for the measuring end of the dynamometer 7 to pass through.
Step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure F a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When the inner spacer ring 3 is in a stationary state, the force F 'required for sliding is detected by the dynamometer 7' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, where mu is the coefficient of static friction between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the inner spacer 3, the following steps are continued if F' 1 > mu W, the inner spacer ring 3 and the outer spacer ring 4 are not in compliance with the preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the second step is as follows: in the axial direction of pressure F a Before the expected pretightening force is increased, the gap d' shown in fig. 5 gradually decreases due to the rigid deformation of the bearing itself and the ferrule itself, the inner spacer ring 3 does not support the first bearing 1 before the gap completely disappears, and all supporting force is provided by the outer spacer ring 4, so that the stress of the outer spacer ring 4 is equal to the pretightening force of the first bearing 1 and the second bearing 2 before the gap completely disappears, the inner spacer ring 3 is not stressed, the dynamometer 7 is a spring tension gauge or a thrust gauge, and when the inner spacer ring 3 is pushed/pulled by the dynamometer 7, only the static friction force between the inner spacer ring 3 and the inner ring of the second bearing 2 needs to be overcome.
Therefore, if the force F 'required for the inner spacer 3 to slide from rest is detected by the load cell 7' 1 By mu W, it is indicated that the inner spacer 3 overcomes only the static friction force with the inner ring of the lower end bearing from rest to sliding, that is, that no pressure exists between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer 3, either not in contact or just in contact, in this embodiment, which in turn means that the actual preload of the bearing assembly is greater than F 1 In the lower limit value F 1 Above, half of the requirements are met, so that if the above results appear, the following steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirements of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacer rings cannot meet the matching requirements.
Step three, when the axial direction isPressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the inner space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), it is stated that the inner and outer spacers meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the third step is as follows: first, when the axial pressure F a Reaching the upper limit value F 2 In the case of F' 2 >F′ 1 It is expected that the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer ring 3 are contacted, pressure exists between the inner ring and the inner spacer ring, and larger force is needed to move the inner spacer ring 3, otherwise, the purpose of bearing pre-tightening cannot be achieved.
Next, F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W) because only the outer spacer 4 is forced before the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer 3 disappears, and the inner and outer spacers are forced together after the inner ring of the upper end bearing contacts the inner spacer 3, the force applied to the inner spacer 3 must be less than or equal to F under the characteristic of assembling the bearing 2 -F 1 Corresponding to the previously loaded force F 1 Are carried by the outer spacer 4. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end surface of the inner spacer 3 and the inner race of the upper end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 ) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the inner spacer ring 3 and the inner ring of the lower end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F 2 -F 1 +W), the sum of the two being 2 mu (F) 2 -F 1 +0.5W), which is the maximum static friction that should be overcome when the inner spacer 3 slides, to obtain F' 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W)。
Therefore, if the load cell 7 displays a value of less than or equal to 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is accounted for at an upper limit F 2 In the inside, the method is expected, and the inner spacer ring 3 and the outer spacer ring 4 meet the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, so that the matching standard is achieved. Otherwise, if the load cell 7 displays a value greater than 2 μ (F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), then the actual pre-run of the bearing assembly is accounted forThe tightening force exceeds F 2 This is not expected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly and do not meet the mating criteria.
In summary, the bearing assembly is formed by the inner spacer ring to be tested, the outer spacer ring and the upper sleeve bearing and the lower sleeve bearing, when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in an actual assembly and pretightening force application mode, the force required by the movement of the inner spacer ring is measured respectively, whether the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring meet the matching standard is judged, the form and position tolerance and the elastic deformation of the spacer ring are considered in the process, the pretightening force of the actual assembly bearing is kept consistent with the expected pretightening force, the accuracy of the pretightening force of the assembly bearing is effectively improved, and the assembly bearing can reach the expected use state.
In other embodiments of the method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with pretension: the support is not provided with a groove, and the upper end surface of the support is a flat surface; alternatively, instead of supporting the inner race of the lower end bearing with a stand, the lower end bearing is placed directly on a table with a boss.
In other embodiments of the method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with pretension: the pressing cover is not provided with a groove, and the lower end surface of the pressing cover is a flat surface; the pressure cover is also not provided with a perforation, at this time, the support is provided with a perforation, the measuring end of the dynamometer penetrates through the support from the inside of the workbench to extend into the inner hole of the inner space ring, or when the support is not provided, the measuring end of the dynamometer directly penetrates through the inside of the workbench to extend into the inner hole of the inner space ring.
In other embodiments of the method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with pretension: the pressing cover is not required to be arranged, and the force application mechanism directly presses the inner ring of the upper end bearing.
In other embodiments of the method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with pretension: when the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 In this case, the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner spacer may not disappear, and the inner ring and the inner spacer are not in contact with each other.
In other embodiments of the method of mating face-to-face assembled bearing spacers using a preload force: the outer ring of the lower end bearing can be supported directly by a workbench with a boss instead of a support with a groove, and the boss is provided with a groove to avoid the inner ring of the lower end bearing.
In other embodiments of the method of mating face-to-face assembled bearing spacers using a preload force: the outer ring of the upper end bearing can be directly pressed against the outer ring of the upper end bearing through the force application mechanism without pressing the outer ring of the upper end bearing through a gland with a groove, and the end face of the force application mechanism is provided with a groove so as to avoid the inner ring of the upper end bearing.
In other embodiments of the method of mating face-to-face assembled bearing spacers using a preload force: when the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 In this case, the gap between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer may not be eliminated, and the outer ring and the outer spacer may not be in contact with each other.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for selecting and matching the face-to-face assembled bearing spacer ring by utilizing the pretightening force is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, an inner spacer ring, an outer spacer ring and an upper bearing and a lower bearing which are to be detected face to face form a bearing assembly, a gap is reserved between the outer ring of the upper bearing and the outer spacer ring in an initial state, then the outer ring of the lower bearing is supported, and downward axial pressure F is applied to the outer ring of the upper bearing a The outer ring of the upper end bearing moves downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure F a When the axial pressure F a Lower limit value F for reaching required pretightening force of bearing assembly 1 When the outer space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, wherein mu is the spacer material and the bearing materialThe static friction coefficient between the materials, W is the gravity of the outer space ring, the following steps are continued, if F' 1 Mu W, the inner space ring and the outer space ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the outer space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), it is stated that the inner and outer spacers meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
2. The method for selectively assembling bearing spacer rings face to face by utilizing pretightening force according to claim 1, wherein the gland with grooves is used for pressing the outer ring of the upper end bearing, and downward acting force is applied to the gland through the force application mechanism.
3. The method for assembling bearing spacers face to face with pre-tightening force according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer ring of the lower bearing is supported by a support with grooves.
4. The method of assembling bearing spacers face-to-face with pre-tension as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the load cell is a spring tension gauge.
5. The method for matching back-to-back assembled bearing spacer rings by utilizing the pretightening force is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, an inner spacer ring and an outer spacer ring to be detected, an upper bearing and a lower bearing are combined into a bearing assembly in a back-to-back mode, a gap is reserved between the inner ring of the upper bearing and the inner spacer ring in an initial state, then the inner ring of the lower bearing is supported, and downward axial pressure F is applied to the inner ring of the upper bearing a The inner ring of the upper end bearing moves downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure F a When the axial pressure F a To achieve the required bearing assemblyLower limit value F of pretightening force 1 When the inner space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 1 If F' 1 Mu W, wherein mu is the static friction coefficient between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the inner spacer, the following steps are continued if F' 1 Mu W, the inner space ring and the outer space ring are not in accordance with the pretightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure F a Upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing component is reached 2 When the inner space ring is in a static state, the force F 'required by sliding is detected by using a dynamometer' 2 If F' 2 >F′ 1 And F'. 2 ≤2μ(F 2 -F 1 +0.5W), it is stated that the inner and outer spacers meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
6. The method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with preload force as recited in claim 5, wherein the inner race of the upper end bearing is compressed by a gland, and a downward force is applied to the gland by a force applying mechanism.
7. The method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with preload force as recited in claim 6, wherein the gland is provided with perforations through which the measuring ends of the load cell pass.
8. The method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with pretension according to any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the gland is provided with a recess with a downward opening.
9. The method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pre-tightening force as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the inner race of the lower end bearing is supported by a support.
10. The method of back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers with pretension according to claim 9, wherein the support is provided with grooves with openings facing upwards.
CN202111162301.0A 2021-09-30 2021-09-30 Method for matching face-to-face and back-to-back assembling bearing spacer by utilizing pretightening force Active CN113983071B (en)

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