CN113983071A - Method for assembling bearing spacer ring in face-to-face and back-to-back mode by pre-tightening force - Google Patents

Method for assembling bearing spacer ring in face-to-face and back-to-back mode by pre-tightening force Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113983071A
CN113983071A CN202111162301.0A CN202111162301A CN113983071A CN 113983071 A CN113983071 A CN 113983071A CN 202111162301 A CN202111162301 A CN 202111162301A CN 113983071 A CN113983071 A CN 113983071A
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bearing
ring
force
spacer
face
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CN113983071B (en
Inventor
张振强
尹延经
李文超
王东峰
马新忠
王琼
魏銮
铁晓艳
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Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co Ltd
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Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
    • F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The invention provides a method for assembling bearing space rings in a face-to-face and back-to-back manner by using pretightening force, which comprises the following steps that firstly, an inner space ring and an outer space ring and two sets of face-to-face or back-to-back bearings form a bearing assembly, and axial pressure is applied to an outer ring or an inner ring of the bearing at the upper end; step two, when the axial pressure reaches the lower limit value of the pre-tightening force required by the bearing assembly, detecting the force required by the outer or inner ring from static to dynamic, and performing preliminary judgment; and step three, when the axial pressure reaches an upper limit value, detecting the force required by the outer or inner spacing ring from static to dynamic, and judging whether the spacing ring meets the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly. The invention measures the force required by the movement of the outer or inner space ring when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in a mode of applying the pretightening force in actual assembly, and judges whether the space ring meets the matching standard.

Description

Method for assembling bearing spacer ring in face-to-face and back-to-back mode by pre-tightening force
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing space ring matching, in particular to a method for matching a bearing space ring face to face and back to back by using pretightening force.
Background
When the angular contact ball bearing is used, two sets of bearings are usually assembled, such as the DF assembled (face-to-face assembled) bearing shown in fig. 1, which includes a first bearing 10 and a second bearing 20, wherein the end face of the narrow side of the outer ring of the first bearing 10 is opposite to the end face of the narrow side of the outer ring of the second bearing 20, and an inner spacer 30 and an outer spacer 40 are arranged between the two sets of bearings. In addition, there is also a DB-coupled (back-to-back-coupled) bearing as shown in fig. 2, which includes a first bearing 1 and a second bearing 2, the broadside end face of the outer ring of the first bearing 1 is disposed opposite to the broadside end face of the outer ring of the second bearing 2, and an inner spacer 3 and an outer spacer 4 are disposed between the two sets of bearings.
The angular contact ball bearing usually needs to be pre-tightened in the use process, the pre-tightening mainly comprises the steps of measuring the protrusion value of the bearing under the condition of the required pre-tightening force, and then selecting proper inner and outer spacing rings according to the assembly mode of the bearing, wherein the process is called as the assembly of the bearing. Therefore, when the bearings are assembled, the matching of the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring is very important, the existing matching method measures the protrusion amount value of the two sets of bearings independently at present, then selects the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring with proper height difference, and if the assembling mode is DF matching, the height difference value of the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring needs to be equal to the sum of the protrusion amounts of the two sets of bearings; if the assembly mode is DB, the height difference of the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring needs to be opposite to the sum of the convex amounts of the two sets of bearings.
The spacer ring matching method neglects form and position tolerance and elastic deformation of the spacer ring, so that the difference between the pre-tightening force of the actually matched bearing and the expected pre-tightening force exists, and the application of the bearing is adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for assembling bearing space rings in a face-to-face mode by using pretightening force, which aims to solve the problem that the difference between the pretightening force and the expected pretightening force of an actually assembled bearing is caused by the fact that the form and position tolerance and elastic deformation of the space rings are not considered in the conventional space ring assembling method; the invention also aims to provide a method for matching back-to-back matched bearing space rings by using the pretightening force, so as to solve the problem that the difference between the pretightening force and the expected pretightening force of an actual matched bearing is caused by the fact that the form and position tolerance and elastic deformation of the space rings are not considered in the conventional space ring matching method.
In order to realize the purpose, the method for matching the face-to-face assembled bearing space ring by utilizing the pretightening force adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for matching the face-to-face assembled bearing space ring by utilizing the pretightening force comprises the following steps:
step one, forming a bearing assembly by an inner spacer ring and an outer spacer ring to be tested and an upper bearing and a lower bearing in a face-to-face mode, wherein a gap is formed between an outer ring of an upper bearing and the outer spacer ring in an initial state, then supporting an outer ring of a lower bearing, and applying downward axial pressure F to the outer ring of the upper bearingaMoving the outer ring of the upper end bearing downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure FaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer to slide from rest was detected by a dynamometer'1If F'1μ W, where μ is the coefficient of static friction between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the outer spacer, the following steps are continued if F'1Mu W, inner partition and outer partitionThe ring does not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure FaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer to slide from rest was detected by a dynamometer'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the invention makes the inner spacer ring and the outer spacer ring to be tested and the upper and lower two sets of bearings in face-to-face form a bearing assembly, applies downward axial pressure F to the outer ring of the upper bearing by adopting an actual assembly mode and a pretightening force application modeaAnd the outer ring of the upper end bearing is moved downwards, so that the gap between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer ring is gradually reduced.
Then, the axial pressure F is gradually increasedaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1While detecting the force F 'required for the outer spacer to slide from rest'1If F'1Mu W indicates that the static friction force between the outer ring of the lower end bearing and the outer ring of the outer spacer is only overcome when the outer spacer slides from the static state, namely, the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer do not contact or just contact, and the reverse means that the actual pre-tightening force of the bearing assembly is greater than F1At the lower limit value F1And if the result is obtained, the subsequent steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacing ring and the outer spacing ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacing rings do not meet the matching requirement.
Finally, when the axial pressure F is appliedaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer to slide from rest was detected by a dynamometer'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly. Wherein, when the shaft is axially pressedForce FaReaches the upper limit value F2If F'2>F′1The outer ring of the upper end bearing is already contacted with the outer spacer ring, pressure exists between the outer ring and the outer spacer ring, and larger force is needed to move the outer spacer ring, which is in line with the expectation, otherwise, the aim of pre-tightening the bearing is not achieved.
Simultaneously, F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) because the inner spacer is supported between the two bearings until the gap between the outer ring of the upper bearing and the outer spacer disappears, only the inner spacer is stressed and the outer spacer is unstressed, and when the outer ring of the upper bearing is contacted with the outer spacer, the inner spacer and the outer spacer are stressed together, so that under the characteristic of assembling the bearings, the force borne by the outer spacer is certainly less than or equal to F2-F1Equivalent to the previously loaded force F1Are all borne by the inner spacer. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end face of the outer spacer and the upper end bearing outer ring is less than or equal to mu (F)2-F1) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the outer spacer and the lower end bearing outer ring is less than or equal to mu (F)2-F1+ W) and the sum of both is 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), which is the maximum static friction force that should be overcome when the outer cage slides, yielding F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W)。
Thus, if the dynamometer displays a value less than or equal to 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is indicated at an upper limit value F2The inner space ring and the outer space ring meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly to reach the matching standard. Otherwise, if the dynamometer shows a value greater than 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the actual preload of the bearing assembly exceeds F2This is unexpected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly, failing to meet the selection criteria.
In summary, the invention combines the inner and outer spacing rings to be tested and the upper and lower sets of bearings to form a bearing assembly, and measures the force required by the movement of the outer spacing ring when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pre-tightening force required by the bearing assembly in a way of actual assembly and pre-tightening force application, and judges whether the inner and outer spacing rings meet the matching standard.
Furthermore, a gland with a groove is adopted to press the outer ring of the upper end bearing, and a force application mechanism applies downward acting force to the gland.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the gland with the groove can avoid the inner ring of the upper end bearing, and the force is conveniently applied to the outer ring of the upper end bearing.
Further, a support with a groove is adopted to support the outer ring of the lower end bearing.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the support with the groove can avoid the inner ring of the lower end bearing, and the outer ring of the lower end bearing is conveniently supported.
Further, the dynamometer is a spring tensiometer.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: convenient configuration and use.
In order to realize the purpose, the method for matching back-to-back assembled bearing space rings by utilizing pretightening force adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for matching back-to-back assembled bearing space rings by utilizing pretightening force comprises the following steps:
step one, forming a bearing assembly by an inner spacer ring to be tested, an outer spacer ring and an upper set of bearings and a lower set of bearings in a back-to-back mode, wherein a gap is reserved between an inner ring of an upper end bearing and the inner spacer ring in an initial state, then supporting an inner ring of a lower end bearing, and applying downward axial pressure F to the inner ring of the upper end bearingaMaking the inner ring of the upper end bearing move downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure FaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1At the moment, a dynamometer is used for detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'1If F'1- μ W, where μ is the static coefficient of friction between the cage material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the inner cage, continuing the following steps, if F'1When the bearing assembly is more than muW, the inner space ring and the outer space ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure FaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At the moment, a dynamometer is used for detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: an inner spacer ring to be tested, an outer spacer ring and an upper set of bearing and a lower set of bearing in a back-to-back mode form a bearing assembly, and downward axial pressure F is applied to an inner ring of an upper end bearing in a mode of applying a pre-tightening force in an actual assembly modeaAnd the inner ring of the upper end bearing moves downwards, so that the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner ring spacer is gradually reduced.
Then, the axial pressure F is gradually increasedaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1Detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'1If F'1When the bearing assembly is in a state of being in a state of being in1At the lower limit value F1And if the result is obtained, the subsequent steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacing ring and the outer spacing ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacing rings do not meet the matching requirement.
Finally, when the axial pressure F is appliedaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At the moment, a dynamometer is used for detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly. Wherein when the axial pressure FaReaches the upper limit value F2If F'2>F′1The inner ring of the upper end bearing is in contact with the inner ring of the inner partition ring, pressure exists between the inner ring and the inner ring, and larger force is needed to move the inner ring of the inner partition ring, which is expected, otherwise, the aim of pre-tightening the bearing is not achieved.
Simultaneously, F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) because the outer cage is supported between the two bearings until the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner cage disappears, only the outer cage is stressed and the inner cage is unstressed, and when the inner ring of the upper end bearing is contacted with the inner cage, the inner and outer cages are stressed together, so that under the characteristic of the assembled bearing, the force borne by the inner cage is certainly less than or equal to F2-F1Equivalent to the previously loaded force F1Are all borne by the outer spacer. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end surface of the inner spacer and the inner ring of the upper end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F)2-F1) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the inner spacer and the inner ring of the lower end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F)2-F1+ W) and the sum of both is 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), which is the maximum static friction force that should be overcome when the inner spacer slides, to yield F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W)。
Thus, if the dynamometer displays a value less than or equal to 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is indicated at an upper limit value F2The inner space ring and the outer space ring meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly to reach the matching standard. Otherwise, if the dynamometer shows a value greater than 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the actual preload of the bearing assembly exceeds F2This is unexpected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly, failing to meet the selection criteria.
In summary, the invention combines the inner and outer spacing rings to be tested and the upper and lower sets of bearings to form a bearing assembly, and measures the force required by the movement of the inner spacing ring when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in a way of actual assembly and applying the pretightening force, and judges whether the inner and outer spacing rings meet the matching standard.
Furthermore, a gland is adopted to press the inner ring of the upper end bearing, and a downward acting force is applied to the gland through a force application mechanism.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: and a gland is adopted, so that force can be conveniently applied to the inner ring of the upper end bearing.
Further, a through hole for the measuring end of the dynamometer to pass through is arranged on the gland.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the force required when the inner spacer moves is conveniently detected by the dynamometer.
Further, a groove with a downward opening is arranged on the gland.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: simple structure and light weight.
Further, the inner ring of the lower end bearing is supported by a support.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the inner ring of the lower end bearing is conveniently supported.
Further, a groove with an upward opening is formed in the support.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: simple structure and light weight.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art block diagram of a face-to-face assembled bearing;
in fig. 1: 10. a first bearing; 20. a second bearing; 30. an inner spacer ring; 40. an outer space ring;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a back-to-back assembled bearing in the prior art;
in fig. 2: 1. a first bearing; 2. a second bearing; 3. an inner spacer ring; 4. an outer space ring;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a first embodiment of a method of using preload to mate face-to-face bearing spacers according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a second embodiment of the method for assembling face-to-face bearing spacers using preload force according to the present invention;
in fig. 3-4: 10. a first bearing; 20. a second bearing; 30. an inner spacer ring; 40. an outer space ring; 50. a gland; 60. a support; 70. a force gauge;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a first implementation of a method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pre-tightening force according to the present invention;
in fig. 5: 1. a first bearing; 2. a second bearing; 3. an inner spacer ring; 4. an outer space ring; 5. a gland; 6. a support; 7. a force gauge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, which may be present, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …," or the like, does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the method for matching the face-to-face assembled bearing space ring by utilizing the pretightening force comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 3, the inner spacer 30 and the outer spacer 40 to be measured and the upper and lower two sets of bearings in face-to-face form a bearing assembly, and a gap d is formed between the outer ring of the upper end bearing (i.e. the first bearing 10) and the outer spacer 40 in an initial state. The outer ring of the lower end bearing (i.e., the second bearing 20) is supported by using a support 60 with a groove so as to avoid the inner ring of the second bearing 20; the gland 50 with the groove is adopted to press the outer ring of the first bearing 10 so as to avoid the inner ring of the first bearing 10, and the downward axial pressure F is applied to the gland 50 through the force application mechanismaThe outer race of the first bearing 10 is moved downward.
Step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure FaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer 40 to slide from rest is detected by the dynamometer 70'1If F'1μ W, where μ is the coefficient of static friction between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the outer spacer 40, the following procedure is continued if F'1And the inner spacer ring 30 and the outer spacer ring 40 do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the second step is as follows: in the axial direction of the pressure FaIncrease ofBefore the expected pre-tightening force, the clearance d shown in fig. 3 is gradually reduced due to the rigid deformation of the bearing and the ring, before the clearance completely disappears, the outer spacer 40 does not support the first bearing 10, all the supporting force is provided by the inner spacer 30, therefore, before the clearance completely disappears, the stress of the inner spacer 30 is equal to the pre-tightening force of the first bearing 10 and the second bearing 20, the outer spacer 40 is not stressed, the dynamometer 70 is a spring tension meter or a thrust meter, and when the outer spacer 40 is pushed/pulled by the dynamometer 70, only the static friction force between the outer spacer 40 and the outer ring of the second bearing 20 needs to be overcome.
Therefore, if the force F 'required for the outer cage 40 to slide from rest is detected by the dynamometer 70'1Mu W indicates that the outer cage 40 only overcomes the static friction force between the outer ring of the lower bearing from rest to sliding, i.e. there is no pressure between the outer ring of the upper bearing and the outer cage 40, and the two are not in contact or just in contact, as shown in FIG. 4, which is just in contact in this embodiment, and vice versa means that the actual preload of the bearing assembly is greater than F1At the lower limit value F1And if the result is obtained, the subsequent steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacing ring and the outer spacing ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacing rings do not meet the matching requirement.
Step three, when the axial pressure FaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer 40 to slide from rest is detected by the dynamometer 70'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer 30 and the outer spacer 40 meet the preload requirement of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the third step is as follows: first, when the axial pressure F is appliedaReaches the upper limit value F2If F'2>F′1It is expected that the outer ring of the upper bearing will contact the outer cage 40, and that a greater force will be required to move the outer cage 40 due to the pressure between the outer ring and the outer cage 40, otherwise the bearing pre-tightening will not be achieved.
Secondly, F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) because only the inner cage 30 is stressed before the gap between the outer ring of the upper bearing and the outer cage 40 disappears, and the inner and outer cages are stressed together after the outer ring of the upper bearing is in contact with the outer cage 40, so that the force to which the outer cage 40 is subjected must be less than or equal to F under the characteristic of the assembled bearing2-F1Equivalent to the previously loaded force F1Is carried by the inner spacer 30. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end face of the outer cage 40 and the upper end bearing outer race is less than or equal to μ (F)2-F1) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the outer cage 40 and the lower end bearing outer ring is less than or equal to mu (F)2-F1+ W) and the sum of both is 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), which is the maximum static friction force that should be overcome as the outer cage 40 slides, yielding F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W)。
Thus, if the dynamometer 70 displays a value less than or equal to 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is indicated at an upper limit value F2This is expected, indicating that the inner spacer 30 and the outer spacer 40 meet the pre-load requirements of the bearing assembly to meet the mating criteria. Otherwise, if the dynamometer 70 displays a value greater than 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the actual preload of the bearing assembly exceeds F2This is unexpected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers 30, 40 do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly and do not meet the specifications.
In summary, the invention combines the inner and outer spacing rings to be tested and the upper and lower sets of bearings to form a bearing assembly, and measures the force required by the movement of the outer spacing ring when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pre-tightening force required by the bearing assembly in a way of actual assembly and pre-tightening force application, and judges whether the inner and outer spacing rings meet the matching standard.
The embodiment of the method for matching the back-to-back assembled bearing space ring by utilizing the pretightening force comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 5, an inner spacer 3 and an outer spacer 4 to be measured and an upper set and a lower set of back-to-back type bearings form a bearing assembly, and a gap d' is formed between an inner ring of an upper end bearing (i.e. a first bearing 1) and the inner spacer 3 in an initial state. The inner ring of the lower end bearing (namely the second bearing 2) is supported by a support 6, and a groove with an upward opening is formed in the support 6. The inner ring of the first bearing 1 is pressed by a gland 5, and downward axial pressure F is applied to the gland 5 by a force application mechanismaThe inner race of the first bearing 1 is moved downward. Wherein, the gland 5 is provided with a groove with a downward opening, and the gland 5 is also provided with a through hole 5-1 for the measuring end of the dynamometer 7 to pass through.
Step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure FaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1At this time, a force F 'required for the inner spacer 3 to slide from rest was detected by a dynamometer 7'1If F'1μ W, where μ is the static coefficient of friction between the cage material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the inner cage 3, the following procedure is continued if F'1And when the gap is larger than muW, the inner space ring 3 and the outer space ring 4 do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the second step is as follows: in the axial direction of the pressure FaBefore the expected pre-tightening force is increased, the clearance d' shown in fig. 5 is gradually reduced due to the rigid deformation of the bearing and the ferrule, the inner spacer 3 does not support the first bearing 1 before the clearance is completely disappeared, all the supporting force is provided by the outer spacer 4, so that the stress of the outer spacer 4 is equal to the pre-tightening force of the first bearing 1 and the second bearing 2 before the clearance is completely disappeared, the inner spacer 3 is not stressed, the dynamometer 7 is a spring tension meter or a thrust meter, and when the inner spacer 3 is pushed/pulled by the dynamometer 7, only the static friction force between the inner spacer 3 and the inner ring of the second bearing 2 needs to be overcome.
Therefore, if the force F 'required by the inner spacer 3 from rest to sliding is detected by the dynamometer 7'1When the bearing assembly is in the state of μ W, it means that the inner ring 3 only overcomes the static friction force between the inner ring of the lower bearing and the inner ring of the upper bearing from the static state to the sliding state, that is, there is no pressure between the inner ring of the upper bearing and the inner ring 3, and the two are not in contact with each other or just in contact with each other, in this embodiment, just in contact with each other, and conversely, the actual preload of the bearing assembly is larger than F1At the lower limit value F1And if the result is obtained, the subsequent steps can be continued, otherwise, the inner spacing ring and the outer spacing ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly, and the group of spacing rings do not meet the matching requirement.
Step three, when the axial pressure FaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At the moment, a dynamometer is used for detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
The principle of the third step is as follows: first, when the axial pressure F is appliedaReaches the upper limit value F2If F'2>F′1It is expected that the inner ring of the upper end bearing is already in contact with the inner ring 3, and a pressure exists between the inner ring and the inner ring, so that a larger force is required to move the inner ring 3, otherwise the purpose of pre-tightening the bearing is not achieved.
Secondly, F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) because only the outer cage 4 is stressed before the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner cage 3 disappears, and the inner and outer cages are stressed together after the inner ring of the upper end bearing contacts the inner cage 3, so that the force to which the inner cage 3 is subjected must be less than or equal to F under the characteristic of the assembled bearing2-F1Equivalent to the previously loaded force F1Are all received by the outer spacer 4. Therefore, the static friction force between the upper end face of the inner spacer 3 and the upper end bearing inner ring is less than or equal to μ (F)2-F1) The static friction force between the lower end surface of the inner spacer 3 and the inner ring of the lower end bearing is less than or equal to mu (F)2-F1+ W), twoThe sum of which is 2 mu (F)2-F1+0.5W), which is the maximum static friction force that should be overcome when the inner spacer 3 slides, to give F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W)。
Thus, if the dynamometer 7 displays a value less than or equal to 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W), the actual preload of the bearing assembly is indicated at an upper limit value F2The inner spacer 3 and the outer spacer 4 meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly and meet the matching standard. Otherwise, if dynamometer 7 displays a value greater than 2 μ (F)2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the actual preload of the bearing assembly exceeds F2This is unexpected, indicating that the inner and outer spacers do not meet the preload requirements of the bearing assembly, failing to meet the selection criteria.
In summary, the invention combines the inner and outer spacing rings to be tested and the upper and lower sets of bearings to form a bearing assembly, and measures the force required by the movement of the inner spacing ring when the axial pressure is loaded to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the pretightening force required by the bearing assembly in a way of actual assembly and applying the pretightening force, and judges whether the inner and outer spacing rings meet the matching standard.
In other embodiments of the method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pretensioning force: the support can be provided with no groove, and the upper end surface of the support is a flat surface; alternatively, the inner race of the lower end bearing is not supported by a pedestal, but the lower end bearing is directly placed on a table having a boss.
In other embodiments of the method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pretensioning force: the pressing cover can be not provided with a groove, and the lower end surface of the pressing cover is a flat surface; the gland can be provided with no through hole, the support can be provided with a through hole at the moment, the measuring end of the dynamometer penetrates through the support from the inside of the workbench and extends into the inner hole of the inner spacer ring, or when the support is not arranged, the measuring end of the dynamometer directly penetrates through the inner hole of the inner spacer ring from the inside of the workbench.
In other embodiments of the method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pretensioning force: the pressing cover is not needed, and the force application mechanism directly pushes the inner ring of the upper end bearing.
In other embodiments of the method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pretensioning force: when axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1In the process, the gap between the inner ring of the upper end bearing and the inner ring spacer does not disappear, and the inner ring bearing and the inner ring spacer are not in contact.
In other embodiments of the method of mating face-to-face assembled bearing spacers using pretension: the outer ring of the lower end bearing can be directly supported by the workbench with a boss instead of supporting the outer ring of the lower end bearing by a support with a groove, and the boss is provided with a groove to avoid the inner ring of the lower end bearing.
In other embodiments of the method of mating face-to-face assembled bearing spacers using pretension: the outer ring of the upper end bearing can be directly pressed through the force application mechanism without pressing the outer ring of the upper end bearing through a gland with a groove, and the end face of the force application mechanism is provided with the groove to avoid the inner ring of the upper end bearing.
In other embodiments of the method of mating face-to-face assembled bearing spacers using pretension: when axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1In the process, the gap between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer ring does not disappear, and the outer ring and the outer spacer ring are not in contact.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all structural changes that can be made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. The method for matching the face-to-face assembled bearing space ring by utilizing the pretightening force is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, to be measuredThe inner spacer, the outer spacer and the upper and lower bearings form a bearing assembly in a face-to-face mode, a gap is reserved between the outer ring of the upper end bearing and the outer spacer in an initial state, then the outer ring of the lower end bearing is supported, and downward axial pressure F is applied to the outer ring of the upper end bearingaMoving the outer ring of the upper end bearing downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure FaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer to slide from rest was detected by a dynamometer'1If F'1μ W, where μ is the coefficient of static friction between the spacer material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the outer spacer, the following steps are continued if F'1When the bearing assembly is more than muW, the inner space ring and the outer space ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure FaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At this time, the force F 'required for the outer spacer to slide from rest was detected by a dynamometer'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
2. The method of utilizing pre-load to mate face-to-face assembled bearing spacers of claim 1, wherein a grooved gland is used to compress the outer race of the upper bearing and a downward force is applied to the gland by a force applying mechanism.
3. The method for assembling bearing spacers with face-to-face relationship by pre-tightening according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer race of the lower bearing is supported by a support having a groove.
4. The method of using pretension to mate face-to-face assembled bearing spacers of claim 1 or 2, wherein the dynamometers are spring tensiometers.
5. The method for matching the back-to-back assembled bearing space ring by utilizing the pretightening force is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, forming a bearing assembly by an inner spacer ring to be tested, an outer spacer ring and an upper set of bearings and a lower set of bearings in a back-to-back mode, wherein a gap is reserved between an inner ring of an upper end bearing and the inner spacer ring in an initial state, then supporting an inner ring of a lower end bearing, and applying downward axial pressure F to the inner ring of the upper end bearingaMaking the inner ring of the upper end bearing move downwards;
step two, gradually increasing the axial pressure FaWhen axial pressure FaReaching the lower limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly1At the moment, a dynamometer is used for detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'1If F'1- μ W, where μ is the static coefficient of friction between the cage material and the bearing material and W is the weight of the inner cage, continuing the following steps, if F'1When the bearing assembly is more than muW, the inner space ring and the outer space ring do not meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly;
step three, when the axial pressure FaThe upper limit value F of the required pretightening force of the bearing assembly is reached2At the moment, a dynamometer is used for detecting the force F 'required by the inner spacer ring from rest to sliding'2If F'2>F′1And F'2≤2μ(F2-F1+0.5W) indicates that the inner spacer and the outer spacer meet the pre-tightening force requirement of the bearing assembly.
6. The method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pre-load as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner race of the upper bearing is compressed by a pressing cover, and the pressing cover is applied with a downward force by the forcing mechanism.
7. The method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using pre-load force of claim 6, wherein the gland has a through hole for passing the measuring end of the load cell.
8. The method for assembling the bearing spacer by using the pre-tightening force according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the pressing cover is provided with a groove with a downward opening.
9. The method for matching back-to-back assembled bearing spacer rings by using pre-tightening force according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a support is used for supporting the inner ring of the lower end bearing.
10. The method for back-to-back assembly of bearing spacers using preload as in claim 9 wherein the carrier has a recess with an upwardly opening.
CN202111162301.0A 2021-09-30 2021-09-30 Method for matching face-to-face and back-to-back assembling bearing spacer by utilizing pretightening force Active CN113983071B (en)

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