CN113982681A - Automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for large-area hanging roof disasters in coal mine goaf - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for large-area hanging roof disasters in coal mine goaf Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
- E21F17/185—Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidence
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for automatically monitoring and early warning a large-area suspended ceiling disaster in a coal mine goaf, wherein a monitoring and early warning area is determined on the ground according to the relative position relationship between the goaf and a surface building, a detection hole is drilled in the area, the detection hole is drilled into the detection area along the underground, and the detection area is monitored through the detection hole, so that the coal pillar failure between the goafs below the area can be effectively monitored, and the early warning effect is achieved; the method improves the monitoring performance and the early warning performance of the activation of the goaf formed by room-and-pillar type and short-wall type mining, has relatively low cost, adopts automatic endurance and automatic acquisition technology, can be used for a long time, saves the manpower and material resources required to be input, and further improves the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic monitoring of suspended ceiling disasters in a goaf, in particular to a method and a system for automatically monitoring and early warning large-area suspended ceiling disasters in a coal mine goaf.
Background
Currently, many engineering projects need to pass through the vicinity of a coal mine goaf; for a longwall type mining coal mine, a roof is generally managed by adopting a total caving method, geological disasters of the roof are basically generated and finished in the mining period, the potential safety hazard to a proposed engineering project is small, and the roof is easy to manage. However, for the coal mine of short wall mining and room and pillar mining, as shown in fig. 1, because the overlying strata of the coal mine do not fully collapse or basically do not collapse, the possibility of activation of the goaf exists in the later period, the potential safety hazard to the project to be built is large, and the main phenomenon is as follows:
the buried depth of the goaf is generally shallow, a coal pillar supporting top plate is reserved when a coal seam is mined, the coal face is small, and the recovery rate is low; the change of the coal pillar over time or environmental conditions may cause weathering failure, and overburden which is not fully collapsed or is not substantially collapsed loses support, thereby causing the activation of the gob as shown in fig. 2.
After the gob is activated, a new 'three zones' is formed, so that roof collapse and ground surface movement deformation are caused, ground buildings and facilities are damaged, and even slope disasters (landslide, collapse and unstable slopes), debris flow, mine earthquake, spontaneous combustion of coal beds, water level reduction and other geological disasters are caused.
In recent years, mine earthquake and secondary problems caused by large-area suspended-roof goaf disasters are serious, only in northern Shaanxi areas, about 10 mine earthquake occur every year, the maximum earthquake magnitude is 4.2, normal production and life of local residents are seriously influenced, and sustainable development of mining area development is restricted; therefore, the monitoring and early warning work of large-area hanging top disasters in the coal mine goaf is urgent.
Therefore, a method and a system for automatically monitoring and early warning a large-area suspended ceiling disaster in a coal mine goaf are urgently needed in the goaf, so that early warning and on-site disaster avoidance treatment can be timely performed, and loss is reduced or avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for automatically monitoring and early warning a large-area suspended ceiling disaster in a coal mine goaf, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, the coal mine subjected to short wall mining and room and pillar mining is not fully or basically subjected to caving due to the fact that overlying rocks are not fully collapsed, and the possibility of goaf activation exists in the later period, so that potential safety hazards are large for a project to be built.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a coal mine goaf large-area hanging roof disaster automatic monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a plurality of early warning areas needing to be monitored and early warned on the ground, wherein goafs exist in the underground of the early warning areas, and detection areas are arranged at rock strata between the goafs and the ground; coal pillars exist among the goafs corresponding to the plurality of early warning areas;
Preferably, the detection area sequentially comprises a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending deformation zone from low to high at a rock stratum part between the goaf and the ground.
Further, the position of the detection hole drilled to the detection area is judged by the core obtained by drilling the detection hole underground, wherein the drilling of the detection hole is stopped immediately when the detection hole is drilled to the position of the fractured zone.
Furthermore, a plurality of stress sensors are embedded in the crack zone and the bending deformation zone in sequence along the vertical direction of the detection hole, and the detection area is monitored through the stress sensors.
Furthermore, a plurality of stress sensors embedded in the detection holes are arranged at intervals, and spaces for generating deformation are reserved for transmission lines among the stress sensors.
Furthermore, after the stress sensors are embedded in the detection hole, the stress sensors are fixedly sealed by cement paste, and fine sand is filled between the stress sensors in the detection hole for tamping.
Preferably, the goaf is a goaf formed by short-wall mining and room-and-pillar mining, the width of the goaf is generally 6-8m, and the width of a coal pillar is generally 4 m.
The automatic monitoring and early warning system for the large-area hanging roof disasters in the coal mine goaf is used for realizing the automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area hanging roof disasters in the coal mine goaf, and comprises a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with a signal input module, and the output end of the controller is connected with a human-computer interaction module and a switch control module; the signal input module is assembled on the stress sensors, the human-computer interaction module is assembled on the acquisition unit, and the switch control module is assembled on the power supply unit.
Preferably, the power supply unit and the acquisition unit are respectively arranged on the ground, and the stress sensors are respectively connected to the power supply unit and the acquisition unit through power supplies.
Preferably, the acquisition unit is an acquisition base station, the acquisition base station acquires data detected by the stress sensors for monitoring and early warning, and the power supply unit is a solar panel and is used for supplying electric energy to the stress sensors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method for automatically monitoring and early warning a large-area suspended ceiling disaster in a coal mine goaf, which comprises the steps of determining a monitoring and early warning area on the ground according to the relative position relationship between the goaf and a surface building, drilling a detection hole in the area, drilling the detection hole into the detection area along the ground, and monitoring the detection area through the detection hole, so that the coal pillar failure between the goafs below the area can be effectively monitored, and the early warning effect is achieved; the method improves the monitoring performance and the early warning performance of the activation of the goaf formed by room-and-pillar type and short-wall type mining, has relatively low cost, adopts automatic endurance and automatic acquisition technology, can be used for a long time, saves the manpower and material resources required to be input, and further improves the production efficiency.
Further, the position of the detection hole drilled to a detection area is judged by the core obtained by drilling the detection hole underground, and the conditions of drilling dropping, water leakage, slurry return, air leakage and the like are observed and recorded through the detection hole so as to ensure the actual heights of a caving zone, a fracture zone and a bending deformation zone above the goaf, wherein the drilling is stopped immediately when the detection hole is drilled to the position of the fracture zone; if the phenomenon of over drilling occurs, clay can be used for backfilling and tamping.
Furthermore, a plurality of stress sensors are embedded in the fracture zone and the bending deformation zone in sequence along the vertical direction of the detection hole, the detection area is monitored through the stress sensors, the failure of the coal pillar between the goaf can be judged according to the stress data of the fracture zone and the bending deformation zone, and the monitoring performance is improved.
Furthermore, a plurality of stress sensors pre-buried in the inspection hole are arranged at certain intervals, transmission lines of the sensors can not be connected in a straight line, enough deformation space needs to be reserved, and the influence of the breakage of the transmission lines on the inspection result is avoided.
Furthermore, after the stress sensors are embedded in the detection hole, the stress sensors are fixedly sealed by cement paste, and fine sand is filled between the stress sensors in the detection hole for tamping, so that the stability of the stress sensors in the detection hole is improved.
The utility model provides a coal mine goaf large tracts of land hanging top calamity automatic monitoring early warning system, monitors and the early warning through the effectual coal column inefficacy between the goaf to the ground of controller, according to the situation of change of sensor data during automatic monitoring, can judge the steady state in goaf, and then realizes monitoring and early warning the goaf hanging top calamity, reaches the purpose that alleviates disaster damage.
Furthermore, the acquisition unit is an acquisition base station, so that the acquisition efficiency of data information is improved, the stable state of the goaf is effectively judged, and an early warning effect is achieved; the power supply unit is a solar panel, the solar panel is adopted to provide a working power supply for the sensor and the data acquisition device, the problems of difficult power introduction and long-term power utilization in most places are solved, and the device can be suitable for various places with harsh conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a room-and-pillar type short wall gob "three zones";
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the formation of new three zones in a goaf after coal pillar failure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application of the automatic monitoring and early warning system for large-area cantilever disasters in a coal mine goaf;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the controller in the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a power supply unit; 2-a collection unit; 3-a stress sensor; 4-detection well.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in one embodiment of the invention, a method for automatically monitoring and early warning a large-area suspended ceiling disaster in a coal mine goaf is provided, and a detection system is adopted to monitor and early warn the activation and deformation damage process of the goaf near a project so as to provide a basis for project decision and disaster avoidance, so that early warning and on-site disaster avoidance treatment can be timely carried out, and loss is reduced or avoided.
As shown in fig. 3, the automatic monitoring and early warning method for large-area hanging roof disasters in the coal mine goaf comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a plurality of early warning areas needing monitoring and early warning on the ground, wherein goafs exist in the underground of the early warning areas, and detection areas are arranged at coal seams between the goafs and the ground; coal pillars exist among the goafs corresponding to the plurality of early warning areas;
Specifically, the detection area sequentially comprises a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending deformation zone from low to high at a rock stratum part between the goaf and the ground.
Specifically, the position of the detection hole 4 drilled to the detection area is judged by the core obtained by drilling the detection hole 4 underground, wherein the drilling is stopped immediately when the detection hole 4 is drilled to the position of the fractured zone.
Specifically, a plurality of stress sensors 3 are buried in the vertical direction of the detection hole 4 in the crack zone and the bending deformation zone in sequence, and the detection area is monitored through the stress sensors 3.
Wherein, a plurality of pre-buried stress sensors 3 in inspection hole 4 all arrange according to certain interval, and sufficient deformation space is all reserved to a plurality of stress sensors 3's transmission line.
After the stress sensors 3 are embedded in the detection hole 4, the stress sensors 3 are fixedly sealed by cement paste, and fine sand is filled between the stress sensors 3 in the detection hole 4.
In fig. 3, the depth of the coal seam is h, the thickness of the coal seam is d, the width of the goaf is 6-8m, and the width of the coal pillar is 4 m.
The invention also provides a large-area suspended ceiling disaster automatic monitoring and early warning system for the coal mine goaf, as shown in fig. 4, the large-area suspended ceiling disaster automatic monitoring and early warning system is used for realizing the method, and comprises a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with a signal input module, and the output end of the controller is connected with a human-computer interaction module and a switch control module; the signal input module is assembled on the stress sensors 3, the human-computer interaction module is assembled on the acquisition unit 2, and the switch control module is assembled on the power supply unit 1.
In the invention, a power supply unit 1 and an acquisition unit are respectively arranged on the ground, and a plurality of stress sensors 3 are respectively connected to the power supply unit 1 and the acquisition unit 2 by power supplies. The acquisition unit 2 is the acquisition basic station, and the acquisition basic station acquires the data that a plurality of stress sensor 3 detected and monitors and the early warning, power supply unit 1 is the solar energy electroplax for provide the electric energy to a plurality of stress sensor 3.
Examples
Firstly, determining the area needing to be monitored and early-warned
According to the relative position relation of the goaf and the project to be built, the area needing to be monitored and early warned is determined, and when the drill holes are arranged, the hole depth can be estimated according to the height of three zones which are pre-calculated, wherein the three zones are a caving zone, a fissure zone and a bending deformation zone.
Secondly, drilling is implemented
The main function of the drilling is to detect the actual 'three-zone' range of the goaf, and the stress (or displacement) sensor is arranged at the different depths of the 'crack zone' and 'bending deformation zone' disclosed by the drilling; the number of the drilled holes is determined according to a preselected monitoring and early warning area, and the number of the drilled holes is generally 3-5. During drilling, coring in all holes is required, conditions such as drill falling, water leakage, slurry return, air leakage and the like are observed and recorded to determine the actual height of the three zones in the goaf, the holes are finished immediately after the holes are drilled to a certain depth of the fractured zone, and if the ultra-drilling phenomenon occurs, clay can be used for backfilling and tamping the depth of the fractured zone of the ultra-drilling.
Third, install the observation device
The observation device adopts equipment and software such as a stress (or displacement) sensor, a data transmission line, a solar panel, an automatic data acquisition system (an acquisition base station and a monitoring management system) and the like. The working principle and the steps are as follows:
(1) embedding a stress (or displacement) sensor: the stress (or displacement) sensor is mainly used for monitoring the change and the range of three zones of the goaf before and after the coal pillar fails, and the burial depth can be 3-5 different depths (can be adjusted as required); the displacement (or stress) sensors are buried in the top of the fracture zone and the bottom of the bending deformation zone from bottom to top in sequence, enough deformation space is reserved for transmission lines among the sensors, cement paste is used for sealing each sensor to ensure that the sensors are in close contact with surrounding rocks, and fine sand is used for backfilling and tamping among the sensors.
(2) Leading out a data transmission line: leading out a transmission line from the drill hole and connecting the transmission line with an acquisition base station, wherein the transmission line is mainly used for transmitting displacement (or stress) data measured by a sensor into the acquisition base station;
(3) installing a collection base station: installing a hardware device for automatic data acquisition, and realizing wireless data transmission by a built-in mobile phone card;
(4) installing a solar panel: the main function is to provide working power supply for the sensor and the collecting base station;
(5) installing and debugging the monitoring management system: and installing and debugging a software device for automatic data acquisition, and managing, transmitting and processing data by matching with an acquisition base station.
Checking and initial measuring
After the observation device is installed, each sensor is subjected to initial measurement and initial value recording, and after the settlement in the hole and the stability of cement mortar (the total solidification of general cement mortar needs 7-14 days), the numerical value of the sensor tends to be stable, so that the monitoring and early warning work can be carried out.
Automatic monitoring and early warning of large-area suspended-roof goaf
During monitoring, according to the change condition of sensor data, monitoring and early warning of the goaf suspended ceiling disaster can be realized according to the following method:
(1) if the sensor data is not continuously increased or suddenly changed, the coal pillars in the area are not failed, and the goaf is basically stable;
(2) if the sensor data continues to increase, it indicates that the lower coal pillar is failing and that the panel is forming a new "triple zone";
(3) if the data of the sensor suddenly changes, the top plate below the position of the sensor is about to collapse, and therefore early warning can be carried out.
The invention utilizes the theoretical basis that a new 'three-zone' is formed in the goaf after the coal pillar fails, and enables the activation monitoring and early warning of the goaf formed by room-pillar type and short-wall type mining to be possible.
In conclusion, the invention provides an automatic monitoring and early warning method and system for large-area suspended ceiling disasters in a coal mine goaf, and the early warning method mainly aims at the suspended ceiling (not collapsed) goaf left by the conventional short-wall type and room and pillar type mining of a coal mine, and the goaf is activated after a coal pillar fails, so that surface deformation and even mine earthquake disasters are caused, and lives and properties of people are threatened. The method comprises the steps of determining an area needing monitoring and early warning according to the relative position relation between a goaf and a surface building, drilling, sequentially burying a displacement (or stress) sensor at the top of a crack zone and the bottom of a bending deformation zone from bottom to top, and judging the stable state of the goaf according to the change condition of sensor data during automatic monitoring, so that monitoring and early warning of roof-hanging (non-collapse) disasters of the goaf are realized, and the aim of reducing disaster hazards is fulfilled.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A coal mine goaf large-area hanging roof disaster automatic monitoring and early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a plurality of early warning areas needing to be monitored and early warned on the ground, wherein goafs exist in the underground of the early warning areas, and detection areas are arranged at rock strata between the goafs and the ground; coal pillars exist among the goafs corresponding to the plurality of early warning areas;
step 2, drilling a detection hole (4) at each early warning area, drilling the detection hole (4) into the detection area along the underground, and monitoring the detection area through the detection hole (4);
step 3, carrying out primary detection on the detection area and recording an initial value, and carrying out monitoring and early warning work after the data to be detected is stable; when the detection data are not increased or mutated, the coal pillars between the goafs corresponding to the early warning area are not invalid, and the goafs are stable; when the detection data is increased, the coal pillar is invalid, and the range of the detection area at the upper part of the goaf is gradually increased; when the detection data are suddenly changed, the detection area at the upper part of the goaf is suddenly increased, the detection area is about to collapse, and early warning work is realized.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection area comprises a caving zone, a fissure zone and a bending deformation zone from bottom to top in sequence from the goaf to the rock stratum between the ground.
3. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf as claimed in claim 2, wherein the position of the detection hole (4) drilled to the detection area is judged by the core obtained by drilling the detection hole (4) underground, and the drilling is terminated immediately when the detection hole (4) is drilled to the position of the fractured zone.
4. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf as claimed in claim 2, wherein a plurality of stress sensors (3) are buried in the crack zone and the bending deformation zone in sequence along the vertical direction of the detection hole (4), and the detection area is monitored through the stress sensors (3).
5. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of stress sensors (3) pre-embedded in the detection hole (4) are arranged at intervals, and spaces for generating deformation are reserved for transmission lines among the stress sensors (3).
6. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf according to claim 4, characterized in that after the stress sensors (3) are embedded in the detection hole (4), the stress sensors (3) are fixed and sealed by cement paste, and fine sand is backfilled and tamped among the stress sensors (3) in the detection hole (4).
7. The automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf as claimed in claim 1, wherein the goaf is formed by short wall mining and room and pillar mining, the width of the goaf is generally 6-8m, and the width of a coal pillar is generally 4 m.
8. The automatic monitoring and early warning system for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf is used for realizing the automatic monitoring and early warning method for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf, which is characterized by comprising a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with a signal input module, and the output end of the controller is connected with a human-computer interaction module and a switch control module; the signal input module is assembled on the stress sensors (3), the human-computer interaction module is assembled on the acquisition unit (2), and the switch control module is assembled on the power supply unit (1).
9. The automatic monitoring and early warning system for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf as claimed in claim 8, wherein the power supply unit (1) and the collection unit are respectively arranged on the ground, and the stress sensors (3) are respectively connected to the power supply unit (1) and the collection unit (2) in a power supply mode.
10. The automatic monitoring and early warning system for the large-area suspended ceiling disaster in the coal mine goaf as claimed in claim 8, wherein the collecting unit (2) is a collecting base station which obtains data detected by the stress sensors (3) for monitoring and early warning, and the power supply unit (1) is a solar panel for supplying electric energy to the stress sensors (3).
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