CN113979639A - High-temperature composite sealing material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature composite sealing material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113979639A
CN113979639A CN202111252190.2A CN202111252190A CN113979639A CN 113979639 A CN113979639 A CN 113979639A CN 202111252190 A CN202111252190 A CN 202111252190A CN 113979639 A CN113979639 A CN 113979639A
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China
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sealing material
powder
temperature composite
stabilized zirconia
iron oxide
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Inventor
涂宝峰
苏新
尹燕霞
戚惠颖
张福俊
张同环
刘迪
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/24Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0271Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/028Sealing means characterised by their material
    • H01M8/0282Inorganic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature composite sealing material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the high-temperature composite sealing material comprises the following components: the powder comprises iron oxide powder, yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and glass powder, wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide powder to the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder to the glass powder is (5-25): (5-25): (50-90). According to the high-temperature composite sealing material obtained by the invention, the matching performance of the sealing material with a stack component and a battery material can be greatly improved by adding the iron oxide powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, the battery and a connector component are easy to be tightly combined, and the phenomena of interface cracking and the like of the sealing material in the long-term stability and the temperature rise and fall cycle starting process can be avoided.

Description

High-temperature composite sealing material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature sealing materials, in particular to a high-temperature composite sealing material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a power generation device which adopts solid oxide as an electrolyte membrane and converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy efficiently and cleanly through electrochemical reaction, the power generation efficiency can reach more than 50 percent, the cogeneration efficiency is higher than 80 percent, and the SOFC is a high-efficiency power generation device for reducing carbon dioxide emission. The solid oxide fuel cell can use not only hydrogen fuel but also natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, biomass gas and the like which are abundant in resources and cheap as fuels. The single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, the working temperature is usually 600-1000 ℃, the single cell is usually low in voltage and low in output power, and a plurality of single cells need to be assembled into a stack to obtain high output power so as to meet the requirements of practical application. In solid oxide fuel cell systems, the primary function of the sealing material is to ensure that oxygen and fuel gas do not mix and leak outward, providing a reliable seal, which requires good gas tightness of the sealing material to prevent danger, and high temperature sealing is therefore of great importance. At the same time, it also has good thermal matching and chemical compatibility with adjacent components, long-term stability in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, and the like. This makes the high temperature sealing problem one of the major factors that limit its development.
At present, the sealing realized by viscous flow of glass or glass ceramics material at high temperature is a relatively stable and suitable sealing mode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The single batteries and the connecting body are adhered together through glass sealing to form a galvanic pile; isolating air from fuel; the electric insulation between the single cell and the connecting body is maintained. However, in a hydrogen atmosphere, long-time (80000 h) high-temperature operation (600-1000 ℃) and frequent cold-hot cycle repeated start, a single glass sealing material is difficult to meet the requirements. The stability and the durability of the sealing are determined by the evolution of the performance of the sealing material and the compatibility and the stability of the sealing interface of other parts, and researches find that the sealing failure of the sealing material in the operation process of the galvanic pile is mainly caused by two reasons, namely that the glass material is difficult to maintain the long-term structure unchanged due to the fluidity at high temperature, and the brittle cracking of the sealing material and the delamination cracking of the sealing interface are realized. Therefore, a sealing material is needed to solve the problems of long-term stability of the sealing material of the solid oxide fuel cell and delamination cracking of the sealing interface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides the high-temperature composite sealing material and the preparation method and the application thereof, and the high-temperature composite sealing material obtained by the invention can greatly improve the matching property of the sealing material with a stack component and a battery material by adding the iron oxide powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, is easy to tightly combine the battery and a connector component, and can prevent the sealing material from generating the phenomena of interface cracking and the like in the long-term stability and the temperature rise and fall cycle starting process.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high temperature composite sealing material comprising: the mass ratio of the iron oxide powder to the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder to the glass powder is (5-25): (5-25): (50-90).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the iron oxide powder, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, and the glass powder is (10-20): (10-20): (50-90).
Preferably, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder comprises zirconia and yttria, wherein the mass ratio of the zirconia to the yttria can be (80-98): (2-20).
More preferably, the mass ratio of the zirconia to the yttria can be (90-98): (2-10).
Preferably, the particle size of the iron oxide powder is 0.5 to 10 μm.
More preferably, the particle size of the iron oxide powder is 1 to 5 microns.
Preferably, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder has a particle size of 0.5 to 10 microns.
More preferably, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder has a particle size of 1 to 5 microns.
Preferably, the glass powder has a particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm.
More preferably, the glass powder has a particle size of 0.2 to 2 μm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high temperature composite sealing material as described above, comprising the steps of: mixing the glass powder, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and the iron oxide powder according to a mass ratio, performing ball milling by using ethanol as a ball milling dispersant to obtain a ball milling premix, preparing the obtained ball milling premix into sealing material slurry, and forming a film to obtain the high-temperature composite sealing material.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the ball milling is 100-300rpm, and the time of the ball milling is 3-48 h.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the high-temperature composite sealing material in the sealing field of the solid oxide fuel cell.
When the high-temperature composite sealing material is used as a sealing material of a solid oxide fuel cell, the high-temperature composite sealing material has good chemical compatibility with a stack component and a cell material, good thermal expansion matching property, and good sealing property, insulating property and stability. The high-temperature composite sealing material is suitable for sealing flat plate type, pipe type and flat pipe type solid oxide fuel cells.
In summary, the invention provides a high-temperature composite sealing material, a preparation method and an application thereof, and the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the high-temperature composite sealing material obtained by the invention, the matching performance of the sealing material with a stack component and a battery material can be greatly improved by adding the iron oxide powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, the battery and a connector component are easy to be tightly combined, and the phenomena of interface cracking and the like of the sealing material in the long-term stability and the temperature rise and fall cycle starting process can be avoided.
(2) The high-temperature composite sealing material has good structural stability, and is softened and sealed by the glass powder, while the ferric oxide powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder still exist in a solid state form, so that the high-temperature composite sealing material can be well connected in a sealing manner under the condition of a proper proportion and is not easy to flow, and therefore, the high-temperature composite sealing material has good structural stability, and the sealing stability and durability are greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the results of stability of the solid oxide fuel cell sealing material of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a stability result of the solid oxide fuel cell sealing material of example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stability results for the solid oxide fuel cell sealing material of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a solid oxide fuel cell sealing material comprises the following steps: mixing glass powder, yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and iron oxide powder in a mass ratio of 0.6: 0.2, using ethanol as a ball milling dispersant, and carrying out ball milling for 240min at a rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a ball milling premix; wherein the average particle size of the iron oxide powder is 4 μm; the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder was 4 μm; the diameter of the glass powder was 1 μm. And preparing the obtained ball-milling premix into sealing material slurry, and performing tape casting to form a film to obtain the high-temperature composite sealing material.
The NiO-YSZ is used as an anode, the functional composite material is used as a cathode, the YSZ is used as an electrolyte, the 430 stainless steel is used as a connector, the prepared high-temperature composite sealing material is used as a solid oxide fuel cell sealing material, the actual working conditions of a galvanic pile are simulated, and the air leakage rate and the long-term stability are respectively tested under the loading pressure of 0.1MPa, the ventilation (nitrogen) pressure of 1psi and the temperature of 800 ℃. The solid oxide fuel cell sealing material was tested for a gas leak rate of 0.0010sccm/cm after 20 hours at 800 deg.C, 0.0009sccm/cm after 100 hours, 0.0009sccm/cm after 1000 hours, and 0.0009sccm/cm after 3000 hours (stability results are shown in FIG. 1). From the above tests, it can be seen that the sealing material for solid oxide fuel cell prepared in example 1 has good sealing property and stability.
The solid oxide fuel cell sealing material was tested for resistivity at 800 ℃ to be 8.8X 104Omega cm, the requirement of the sealing material on insulation is met.
Example 2
A preparation method of a solid oxide fuel cell sealing material comprises the following steps: mixing glass powder, yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and iron oxide powder in a mass ratio of 0.76: 0.12, using ethanol as a ball milling dispersant, and carrying out ball milling for 600min at a rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a ball milling premix; wherein the average particle size of the iron oxide powder is 2 μm; the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder was 2 μm; the diameter of the glass powder was 0.5. mu.m. And preparing the obtained ball-milling premix into sealing material slurry, and performing tape casting to form a film to obtain the high-temperature composite sealing material.
The NiO-YSZ is used as an anode, the functional composite material is used as a cathode, the YSZ is used as an electrolyte, the 430 stainless steel is used as a connector, the prepared high-temperature composite sealing material is used as a solid oxide fuel cell sealing material, the actual working conditions of a galvanic pile are simulated, and the air leakage rate and the long-term stability are respectively tested under the loading pressure of 0.1MPa, the ventilation (nitrogen) pressure of 1psi and the temperature of 800 ℃. The solid oxide fuel cell sealing material was tested for a gas leak rate of 0.0009sccm/cm after 20 hours at 800 c, 0.0008sccm/cm after 100 hours, 0.0007sccm/cm after 1000 hours, and 0.0008sccm/cm after 3000 hours (stability results are shown in fig. 2). From the above tests, it can be seen that the sealing material for solid oxide fuel cell prepared in example 2 has good sealing property and stability.
The solid oxide fuel cell sealing material was tested for resistivity at 800 ℃ to be 8.9X 104Omega cm, the requirement of the sealing material on insulation is met.
Example 3
A preparation method of a solid oxide fuel cell sealing material comprises the following steps: mixing glass powder, yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and iron oxide powder in a mass ratio of 0.7: 0.18: 0.12, using ethanol as a ball milling dispersant, and carrying out ball milling for 600min at a rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a ball milling premix; wherein the average particle size of the iron oxide powder is 1 μm; the average particle diameter of the zinc oxide powder was 1 μm; the diameter of the glass powder was 0.5. mu.m. And preparing the obtained ball-milling premix into sealing material slurry, and performing tape casting to form a film to obtain the high-temperature composite sealing material.
The NiO-YSZ is used as an anode, the functional composite material is used as a cathode, the YSZ is used as an electrolyte, the 430 stainless steel is used as a connector, the prepared high-temperature composite sealing material is used as a solid oxide fuel cell sealing material, the actual working conditions of a galvanic pile are simulated, and the air leakage rate and the long-term stability are respectively tested under the loading pressure of 0.1MPa, the ventilation (nitrogen) pressure of 1psi and the temperature of 800 ℃. The solid oxide fuel cell sealing material was tested for a gas leak rate of 0.0011sccm/cm after 20 hours at 800 c, 0.0011sccm/cm after 100 hours, 0.0009sccm/cm after 1000 hours, and 0.0010sccm/cm after 3000 hours (stability results are shown in fig. 3). From the above tests, it can be seen that the sealing material for solid oxide fuel cell prepared in example 3 has good sealing property and stability.
The solid oxide fuel cell sealing material was tested for resistivity at 800 ℃ to be 8.6X 104Omega cm, the requirement of the sealing material on insulation is met.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A high-temperature composite sealing material is characterized by comprising iron oxide powder, yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia powder and glass powder, wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide powder to the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia powder to the glass powder is (5-25): (5-25): (50-90).
2. The high temperature composite seal material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide powder, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, and the glass powder is (10-20): (10-20): (50-90).
3. A high temperature composite seal material according to claim 1, wherein the iron oxide powder has a particle size of 0.5-10 microns.
4. A high temperature composite seal material according to claim 1, wherein the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder has a particle size of 0.5 to 10 microns.
5. A high temperature composite sealing material according to claim 1, wherein the glass powder has a particle size of 0.1-5 μm.
6. A method of making a high temperature composite sealing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: mixing the glass powder, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and the iron oxide powder according to a mass ratio, performing ball milling by using ethanol as a ball milling dispersant to obtain a ball milling premix, preparing the obtained ball milling premix into high-temperature composite sealing material slurry, and forming a film to obtain the high-temperature composite sealing material.
7. The method for preparing a high-temperature composite sealing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the ball mill is 100-300rpm, and the ball milling time is 3-48 h.
8. Use of a high temperature composite sealing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of sealing of solid oxide fuel cells.
CN202111252190.2A 2021-10-27 2021-10-27 High-temperature composite sealing material and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN113979639A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR890011797A (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-08-22 최영증 Fusion Glass Composition for Plate Glass Coloring
JP2001089188A (en) * 2000-08-03 2001-04-03 Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd Composition for low temperature sealing
JP2004039573A (en) * 2002-07-05 2004-02-05 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Sealing material for low-temperature operation solid oxide fuel cell
CN103570372A (en) * 2012-07-24 2014-02-12 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Glass-ceramic sealing material for medium-low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells and preparation method thereof
CN109727927A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-07 厦门天马微电子有限公司 A kind of preparation method of sealing material, a kind of organic light emitting display panel and the two
CN112928299A (en) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-08 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Novel high-temperature composite sealing material and application thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR890011797A (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-08-22 최영증 Fusion Glass Composition for Plate Glass Coloring
JP2001089188A (en) * 2000-08-03 2001-04-03 Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd Composition for low temperature sealing
JP2004039573A (en) * 2002-07-05 2004-02-05 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Sealing material for low-temperature operation solid oxide fuel cell
CN103570372A (en) * 2012-07-24 2014-02-12 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Glass-ceramic sealing material for medium-low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells and preparation method thereof
CN109727927A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-07 厦门天马微电子有限公司 A kind of preparation method of sealing material, a kind of organic light emitting display panel and the two
CN112928299A (en) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-08 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Novel high-temperature composite sealing material and application thereof

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