CN113979631B - Preparation method of large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves - Google Patents
Preparation method of large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the multi-core few-mode optical fiber preform is precisely polished after a core rod is prepared, and is embedded into an inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve without an air gap through the combination of precise quartz components complementary with the gap, so that a large-size combined optical fiber preform is formed. The invention also relates to a processing device for preparing the special-shaped quartz sleeve. The method can be used for preparing the multi-core few-mode optical fiber preform rod, and the preparation precision of the multi-core optical fiber and the consistency of the optical fiber are improved through high-precision matching of the special-shaped sleeve and the core rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber preparation. The large-sized optical fiber preform mentioned in the present invention is specifically an optical fiber preform having a diameter of 150mm or more and a length of 1500mm or more.
Background
The rapid development of the Internet+, big data, cloud computing and 5G ensures that the requirements of users on the capacity and the speed of information and data transmission are higher and higher, and the transmission capacity of single-core single-mode optical fibers is close to 100Tbit/s of shannon transmission limit by multiplexing technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and polarization multiplexing. How to expand the capacity is a problem to be solved by the communication transmission function, so researchers put forward a space division multiplexing mode to solve the technical problem in the future. Space division multiplexing has two modes, namely mode multiplexing, namely adopting few-mode optical fibers. And the second is the spatial multi-core multiplexing, namely the optical fiber with a plurality of single-mode cores in a single optical fiber, so as to realize the new transmission technology of multiplexing. Therefore, the multi-core optical fiber is adopted, so that space division multiplexing transmission of high-integration and large-capacity information can be realized, and the method is an ideal way for solving high-speed network communication. The key technology for manufacturing the multi-core optical fiber is that the preparation of the multi-core optical fiber preform rod can be mainly divided into three types according to the preparation mode of the multi-core optical fiber: 1, stacking method, 2, jack method, 3 and sintering method.
Patent US2014216109a proposes a method for manufacturing a multi-core optical fiber preform, which uses a plurality of circular members with different diameters arranged with a core rod, and places the circular members in a cladding pipe, wherein the circular members with different diameters can determine the positions of the core rod, thereby realizing the assembly of different multi-core optical fiber preforms.
The patent JPS59217632a proposes a method for manufacturing a multi-core optical fiber preform by filling voids with finer quartz rods, wherein a plurality of core rods are arranged as required, and are put into a quartz tube, and since the core rods are circular, a plurality of voids still exist in the quartz tube, and in order to fill the voids, the method fills voids outside the core rods with quartz capillary rods having a diameter of 150 μm to 300 μm, thereby manufacturing the multi-core optical fiber preform.
Patent CN108508528A proposes a method for producing a multi-core optical fiber preform by processing cylindrical silica glass into a porous silica cladding tube by a well-known drilling method, and inserting a core rod made of silica glass into the porous silica cladding tube to form the multi-core optical fiber preform.
The preparation method of the multi-core optical fiber preform proposed by the JPH095542A patent adopts a mandrel with a regular polygon cross section for arrangement, then the mandrel is placed into a quartz tube, and quartz powder with the diameter of 125-300 μm is added into a gap between the mandrel and the quartz tube, so as to form the multi-core optical fiber preform.
The patent JPS5782805a proposes a method for manufacturing a multi-core optical fiber preform, which adopts a method of arranging a plurality of core rods in a certain space, then spraying silica fine powder on the outer side of the core rods, and simultaneously heating the core rods, and solidifying the silica powder into a cladding portion, thereby forming the multi-core optical fiber preform.
Although the above methods can achieve the preparation of the multi-core optical fiber preform, there are some disadvantages, and the processing method of the multi-core optical fiber preform and the respective disadvantages are given in table 1. For example, the stacking method is to arrange round core rods to form a preform, but the round cores cannot be fully contacted, bubbles are generated in multi-core fiber drawing, and although patent suggests to fill gaps with fine quartz powder, the heating is performed for a long time when the quartz powder is solidified, firstly, the heating is uneven, and secondly, the heating for a long time causes thermal diffusion of materials in the core rods, so that the vector of the drawn fiber is uneven. For the drilling method, since the quartz glass is very hard, long-sized processing cannot be achieved by the drilling method, and thus the length of the processed preform may be limited.
Table 1: different processing methods and defects of multi-core optical fiber preform
The invention provides a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, which can effectively reduce gaps in the multi-core optical fiber preform and realize preparation of the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform by precisely grinding and precisely stacking a core rod and a quartz preform and processing the special-shaped quartz sleeve, thereby laying a foundation for preparation of a long-distance multi-core optical fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves adopts a method that a mandrel is prepared and then precisely polished, and the mandrel is embedded into an inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve without an air gap through the combination of precise quartz components complementary with the gap, so that a large-size combined optical fiber preform is formed;
the preparation method of the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeve comprises the following main manufacturing steps:
step 1: adopting PCVD, MCVD, VAD or OVD technology to accurately control refractive index profile distribution to prepare a core rod blank;
step 2: performing precise plane polishing on the outer part of the core rod blank prepared in the step 1 to form a polygonal structure on the outer surface of the core rod, degreasing, pickling, cleaning with pure water and drying for later use;
step 3: preparing an inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve by adopting a quartz continuous melting process, pickling, cleaning with pure water and drying the formed special-shaped quartz sleeve for standby, wherein the length of the obtained special-shaped quartz sleeve is 40-50 cm longer than that of a core rod, and the grown part is used as a tail pipe of a preform;
step 4: inserting the core rod of the polygonal column obtained by grinding in the step 2 into the special-shaped quartz sleeve manufactured in the step 3, aligning one section of the special-shaped quartz tube with one section of the plurality of core rods, and precisely splicing according to geometric shapes;
step 5: and (3) retracting the rod at the flush end of the preform core rod and the special-shaped quartz sleeve, and welding the hanging head to obtain the combined large-size few-mode multi-core optical fiber preform.
The outer surface of the special-shaped prefabricated part is a cylindrical surface, the shape of the inner surface is consistent with the shape of the integral outer surface of the combined core rod and the auxiliary rod, and the special-shaped quartz sleeve can be used for matching and sleeving the combined core rod.
The special-shaped quartz sleeve is formed by designing and preparing an internal special-shaped forming die and drawing according to a quartz continuous melting process.
The continuous melting equipment for preparing the special-shaped quartz sleeve comprises a furnace body, a core rod, a feed inlet, a tungsten crucible, a heater, a forming die, a discharge outlet, a diameter measuring instrument and a traction wheel; the molding die is made of tungsten metal, and the shape of the molding die is consistent with the shape of the inner surface of the quartz sleeve with the required special shape; the discharge hole of the continuous melting device is circular in shape.
The internal refractive index distribution of the core rod preform is designed and optimized based on the practical application of the multi-core optical fiber: the core rod of the preform is arranged in a near heterogeneous mode (1) in order to increase the core density, (2) in order to reduce inter-core crosstalk, the refractive index profile structure of the core rod of the preform is designed by using an annular low refractive index isolation layer, (3) in order to increase the number of channels, the core rod of the preform can be prepared into a few-mode core, (4) in order to increase the effective area of a mode field, the numerical aperture of the core rod of the preform is not more than 0.22, (5) in order to reduce inter-mode group delay, the refractive index profile structure of the core rod of the preform adopts an additional annular design or an inverse gradient structure core.
The arrangement of the core rod prefabricated rods is according to the principle that the refractive index distribution structures are adjacent and different, and the splicing schemes of the prefabricated rods are various, and the splicing schemes comprise the following steps according to the sectional shape: 1) Honeycomb (regular hexagon) split structure; 2) A square split structure; 3) Regular triangle split structure.
According to the preparation method of the large-size multi-core few-mode optical fiber preform with the perfectly combined prefabricated component and the special-shaped prefabricated sleeve, the prepared multi-core optical fiber needs to consider how to reduce the crosstalk between fiber cores, so that the optimal method for calculating the crosstalk between the cores for the communication optical fiber is the power coupling mode theory. The expression of power coupling theory can be expressed as,
p in the formula m Represents the average power of the core m, h mn Represents the power coupling coefficient, z is the axial coordinate of the optical fiber, d is the length of the optical fiber, K mn As mode coupling coefficient, Δβ' mn The transmission constants are different for different core modes in the case of bending an optical fiber, and the definition of the two can be obtained in relevant literature. When the length of the optical fiber is L, the crosstalk XT between adjacent fiber cores is calculated according to the average value of the power coupling coefficientsIn addition, the heterogeneous multi-core optical fiber has a maximum value of crosstalk under bending conditions, and the bending radius is R pk The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the optical fiberRadius of curvature greater than R pk The cross-talk between the cores increases with increasing curvature when the bend radius of the fiber is less than R pk When the cross-talk between cores decreases as the curvature increases.
In addition to core crosstalk, bending losses of the fiber are also critical points to design. When the optical fiber is bent, the loss value of the optical fiber increases along with the increase, wherein R is the bending radius of the optical fiber, and R c Is the critical curvature of the curvature. For single mode optical fibers, R c Is typically 0.2mm to 0.4mm. Another factor limiting bending losses is the cladding thickness, i.e. the distance from the outermost core to the outer cladding, which should be greater than 30 μm.
Groove assistance is also an important way of adjusting the performance of a multi-core fiber, and adding a low refractive index annular groove can effectively inhibit crosstalk, and can achieve a crosstalk inhibition effect of-20 dB under the same conditions, so that smaller fiber core spacing and tighter fiber core arrangement are allowed, but the groove can significantly increase the cut-off wavelength of the fiber, so that the available bandwidth is reduced to about 100 nm.
The multi-core optical fiber is often required to have the characteristic of long distance and low crosstalk in communication, the traditional homogeneous multi-core optical fiber is provided with a plurality of identical fiber cores, propagation constants of guided modes of the fiber cores are basically consistent, and larger inter-core crosstalk exists. In view of this problem, the present invention has devised heterogeneous multi-core optical fibers having adjacent heterogeneous forms, which is a design scheme against bending crosstalk because of the extreme value of crosstalk between heterogeneous multi-core optical fibers.
For the arrangement scheme of the fiber cores, a hexagonal close-packed structure, an annular arrangement structure, a square arrangement structure and the like are common. The complete hexagonal arrangement can realize the arrangement mode of 7, 19 and 37 cores according to the different stacking layers. For the scheme of splicing the precisely ground prefabricated bars, the hexagonal arrangement mode can reduce polishing loss of the prefabricated bars to the greatest extent and reduce cost.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following multi-point outstanding advantages and remarkable progress:
(1) The difficulty requirement of processing and preparation is reduced.
(2) Helping to ensure geometric accuracy of the core dimensions and relative positions.
(3) By a larger pinch ratio, preform errors are proportionally reduced.
(4) The drawn optical fiber has long length and good consistency, and reduces the cost and fabrication cost of the optical fiber in unit length.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an end face structure diagram of a four-core single-mode optical fiber 1 with square fiber core distribution, in which: d, d 1 For core spacing, d 2 Is the diameter of the optical fiber.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of grinding the round core rod 2 of the four-core single mode fiber into the square core rod 3, in which: r is R 1 Is the core radius, R 2 Is the outer diameter of the round core rod, D 1 Is the side length of the square core rod.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for preparing a profiled quartz sleeve by continuous melting, wherein reference numerals are used for: furnace body 4, core bar 5, feed inlet 6, tungsten crucible 7, heater 8, forming die 9, discharge gate 10, calliper 11, traction wheel 12, special-shaped quartz sleeve 13.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a square-shaped mold 9-1 used in a continuous melting furnace and a prepared quartz tube 14 having an outer circumference and an inner circumference, and is marked with the reference numeral: square forming die 9-1, outer round and inner square quartz tube 14.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a splicing method of the four-core single-mode optical fiber preform 15, and reference numerals in the drawing: square core rod 3, outer round inner square quartz tube 14, four-core single mode fiber preform 15.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the end face of a 19-core three-mode fiber 16 with core arrangements according to the principle of differing refractive index profiles of adjacent cores.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a method of polishing a 19-core optical fiber core rod, in which a cylindrical core rod is polished into a regular hexagon, and reference numerals in the figure are: round core rod 17, regular hexagonal core rod 18.
FIG. 8 is a drawing of a shaped forming die for a continuous melting furnace and a prepared quartz tube with matching shaped inner holes, wherein the drawing is numbered: the special-shaped forming die 9-2 and the special-shaped quartz tube 19.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a splicing method of a 19-core three-mode optical fiber preform, wherein cores are arranged according to the principle that refractive index distributions of adjacent cores are different by using core rods with three refractive index distributions, and reference numerals in the drawing are as follows: the special-shaped quartz tube 19, three hexagonal core rods 18-1, 18-2, 18-3 with refractive index distribution and 19-core three-mode optical fiber preform 20.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments.
Example 1: and (3) preparing a four-core single-mode optical fiber preform.
In this embodiment, a four-core single-mode optical fiber 1 with square-distributed cores is prepared, and as shown in fig. 1, the diameter d of the prepared four-core single-mode optical fiber 1 2 =125 μm, the diameter of the four single-mode cores is 9 μm, the core spacing d 1 =40 μm, the preform diameter is preset to be 150mm, then the preparation of the preform is divided into the following three steps:
step one: preparation of square core rod 3, shown in FIG. 2 (a), is a cross-sectional structure of a cylindrical core rod of an optical fiber processed by an OVD process, in which the core diameter 2*R 1 Diameter of outer cladding 2*R =10.8mm 2 =68 mm. By using a precise polishing method, a cylindrical core rod can be polished into a core rod prefabricated member with a square cross section, as shown in fig. 2 (b), and the side length of the core rod is D 1 ＝48mm。
Step two: and (5) preparing the special-shaped quartz sleeve with the outer round and the inner square. The bushing was prepared using a quartz continuous furnace as shown in fig. 3. The illustrated continuous melting furnace apparatus includes: furnace body 4, core bar 5, feed inlet 6, tungsten crucible 7, heater 8, forming die 9, discharge gate 10, calliper 11, traction wheel 12. Wherein, the tail end of the core rod is provided with a forming die 9, and the shape of the die is the same as the structure of the inner wall of the hole of the multi-processed quartz special-shaped tube. The specific processing steps are as follows: (1) Adding quartz powder raw materials into a feed port 6, entering a tungsten crucible 7, and heating quartz powder to a molten state by a heater 8; (2) Quartz reaches the areas of a discharge hole 10 and a forming die 9 at the bottom of the tungsten crucible 7 after being fully smelted and homogenized in the tungsten crucible 7, and the quartz in the areas has optimal forming viscosity by adjusting the temperature of the forming areas, so that the quartz is convenient to form; (3) And controlling the speed of the traction wheel 12, slowly pulling out the melt discharge port at a constant speed, and testing the drawn pipe diameter by using the diameter gauge 11 to finally form the quartz sleeve 13 with the inner wall being qualified and in a special shape. The molding die used in this example was a square die 9-1 as shown in fig. 4 (a), and the outer diameter of the quartz sleeve 14 inside the outer circle was 150mm and the diameter d1=96 mm of the inner hole as shown in fig. 4 (b).
Step three: according to the splicing method shown in fig. 5, the prepared 4 square core rods 3 are sequentially inserted into the quartz sleeve 14 inside the outer circle, so as to form a tightly matched four-core single-mode optical fiber preform 15 with the outer diameter of 150 mm.
Example 2: design and preparation of 19-core three-mode optical fiber and a preform thereof.
The end face structure of the 19-core three-mode fiber 16 is designed as shown in fig. 6, wherein the cladding diameter is 250 μm, the core spacing is 30 μm to 45 μm, preferably 42 μm, the cladding thickness is 30 μm to 45 μm, preferably 41 μm, the core numerical aperture is 0.1 to 0.22, preferably 0.12, the core diameter is 12 μm to 18 μm, preferably 14.5 μm, and the cores are alternately arranged in the form of inverse gradient, step and small-loop assist shapes of different parameters, and the purpose of adopting such cores is to reduce the mode propagation constant difference between individual cores and reduce the inter-mode delay. The fiber has annular isolating layers around each fiber core, the thickness of the isolating layers is 5-8 μm, the distance between the isolating layers and the fiber core is 12 μm, and the NA of the isolating layers is 0.12. According to theory, each channel in a single fiber core of the heterogeneous nineteen-core optical fiber is in a strong coupling state, the crosstalk value between the fiber cores can be lower than-40 dB/100km, and the heterogeneous nineteen-core optical fiber can be used in a communication system with strong coupling and low intermode time delay in a long-distance communication system, for example, the forward direction and the reverse direction of the fiber cores are alternately used, so that the crosstalk between the fiber cores can be further reduced by about-20 dB.
In order to produce the 19-core three-mode optical fiber, a preform is prepared as follows.
Step one: preparation of regular hexagonal core rod as shown in fig. 7 (a) is a cross-sectional structure of an optical fiber cylindrical core rod 17 processed by OVD process, and the cylindrical core rod may be polished into a preform of a core rod 18 having a regular hexagonal cross-section by a precision polishing method, as shown in fig. 7 (b). To achieve core heterogeneity, this example prepares three-mode hexagonal mandrels of three refractive index profiles.
Step two: and (3) preparing the quartz sleeve with the special-shaped hole. The bushing was prepared using a quartz continuous furnace as shown in fig. 3. The molding die is a special-shaped die 9-2 shown in fig. 8 (a), and the quartz sleeve 19 with the special-shaped outer circle and inner hole is manufactured as shown in fig. 8 (b).
Step three: according to the splicing method shown in FIG. 9, the prepared 19 three kinds of regular hexagonal core rods 18-1/18-2/18-3 are sequentially inserted into the quartz sleeve 19 with the special-shaped inner hole, so that a tightly matched 19-core three-mode optical fiber preform 20 is formed. Wherein the core rods with three refractive index distributions are arranged according to the principle that adjacent fiber cores are different.
In the description and drawings, there have been disclosed typical embodiments of the invention. The present invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. The specific terms are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being protected.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves is characterized by comprising the following steps: the multi-core optical fiber preform adopts a method that a core rod is precisely polished after being prepared, and the core rod is tightly combined after polishing and is embedded into a quartz sleeve with an inner wall special-shaped without an air gap, so that a large-size combined optical fiber preform is formed;
the preparation method of the multi-core optical fiber preform rod comprises the following steps:
step 1: adopting PCVD, MCVD, VAD or OVD technology to accurately control refractive index profile distribution to prepare a core rod blank;
step 2: performing precise plane polishing on the outer part of the core rod blank prepared in the step 1 to form a polygonal structure on the outer surface of the core rod, degreasing, pickling, cleaning with pure water and drying for later use;
step 3: preparing an inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve by adopting a quartz continuous melting process, pickling, cleaning with pure water and drying the formed inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve for standby, wherein the length of the obtained inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve is 40-50 cm longer than that of a core rod, and the grown part is used as a tail pipe of a preform;
step 4: inserting the core rod of the polygonal column obtained by grinding in the step 2 into the special-shaped quartz sleeve on the inner wall obtained in the step 3, aligning one ends of the special-shaped quartz tube and the plurality of core rods, and precisely splicing according to geometric shapes;
step 5: and (3) retracting the rod at the flush end of the core rod of the preform rod and the quartz sleeve with the abnormal inner wall, and welding the hanging head to obtain the combined large-size multi-core optical fiber preform rod.
2. The method for preparing the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the outer surface of the inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve adopted by the prefabricated rod is a cylindrical surface, the inner surface is a special-shaped surface which is consistent with the shape of the whole outer surface of the combined core rod, and the combined core rod can be matched and sleeved in the inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve.
3. The method for preparing the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeves according to any one of claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner wall special-shaped quartz sleeve is formed by designing and preparing an inner special-shaped forming die and drawing according to a quartz continuous melting process.
4. The method for preparing the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeve according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the internal refractive index profile of the core rod needs to be optimized taking the following factors into consideration: (1) In order to increase the fiber core density, the core rod of the preform adopts a near heterogeneous arrangement mode; (2) In order to reduce inter-core crosstalk, the core rod refractive index profile structure of the preform is designed by using an annular low refractive index isolation layer; (3) In order to increase the number of channels, the core rod of the preform is prepared into a few-mode fiber core; (4) In order to increase the effective area of the mode field, the numerical aperture of the core rod fiber core of the preform rod is not more than 0.22; (5) In order to reduce the inter-mode group delay, the refractive index profile structure of the core rod of the preform adopts an additional annular design or a fiber core with an inverse gradient structure.
5. The method for preparing the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the principle that the refractive index distribution structures of the core rods are adjacent to each other and different, the splicing schemes of the prefabricated rod are various, and the splicing schemes comprise the following steps: 1) A honeycomb split structure; 2) A square split structure; 3) Triangle split structure.
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| CN113979631A (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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