CN113979631A - Preparation method of large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves - Google Patents
Preparation method of large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber perform rod based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the multicore few-mode optical fiber perform rod is precisely polished after the core rod is prepared, and is embedded into a special-shaped quartz sleeve pipe with an inner wall without an air gap through the combination of precise quartz components complementary with the gap, so that a large-size combined optical fiber perform rod is formed. The invention also relates to a processing device for preparing the special-shaped quartz sleeve. The method can be used for preparing the multi-core few-mode optical fiber preform, and improves the preparation precision of the multi-core optical fiber and the consistency of the optical fiber through the high-precision matching of the special-shaped sleeve and the core rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber preparation. The large size mentioned in the present invention is specific to the optical fiber preform having a diameter of 150mm or more and a length of 1500mm or more.
Background
The rapid development of internet +, big data, cloud computing and 5G enables users to have higher and higher requirements on the capacity and speed of information and data transmission, and the multiplexing technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, polarization multiplexing and the like enable the transmission capacity of a single-core single-mode optical fiber to be close to the Shannon transmission limit of 100 Tbit/s. How to expand the capacity is the problem to be solved by the communication transmission function, so that researchers propose that the future technical problem can be solved by adopting a space division multiplexing mode. There are two modes of space division multiplexing, one is mode multiplexing, i.e. using few-mode optical fibers. The other is spatial multi-core multiplexing, that is, a new transmission technology for realizing multiplexing by using an optical fiber with a plurality of single-mode cores in a single optical fiber. Therefore, the multi-core optical fiber is adopted, the space division multiplexing transmission of high-integration-level and large-capacity information can be realized, and the method is an ideal mode for solving high-speed network communication. The key technology for manufacturing the multi-core optical fiber is the preparation of a multi-core optical fiber preform, which can be mainly divided into three types according to the preparation mode of the multi-core optical fiber: 1, a stacking method, 2, a jack method, 3 and a sintering method.
Patent US2014216109A proposes a method for manufacturing a multi-core optical fiber preform, in which a plurality of circular members of different diameters are arranged with a core rod and put into a cladding tube, and the circular members of different diameters can determine the position of the core rod, thereby realizing the assembly of different multi-core optical fiber preforms.
Patent JPS59217632A proposes a method for manufacturing a multi-core optical fiber preform by filling gaps with finer quartz rods, wherein a plurality of core rods are arranged as required and put into a quartz tube, and because the core rods are circular, a plurality of gaps still exist in the quartz tube, and in order to fill the gaps, the method fills the gaps outside the core rods with quartz capillary rods with the diameter of 150-300 μm to manufacture the multi-core optical fiber preform.
Patent CN108508528A proposes a preparation method for a multicore optical fiber preform, in which a cylindrical silica glass is processed into a porous silica cladding tube by a known drilling method, and a core rod made of silica glass is inserted into the porous silica cladding tube to form a multicore optical fiber preform.
The method for preparing the multi-core optical fiber preform proposed by the patent JPH095542A is to arrange the core rods with regular polygon cross sections, then put the core rods into a quartz tube, and add 125-300 μm quartz powder into the gap between the core rods and the quartz tube, thereby forming the multi-core optical fiber preform.
Patent JPS5782805A proposes a method for preparing a multi-core optical fiber preform by arranging a plurality of core rods in a certain space, and then spraying silica fine powder on the outer side of the core rods while heating the same, so that the silica powder is consolidated into a cladding portion, thereby forming the multi-core optical fiber preform.
Although the methods can realize the preparation of the multi-core optical fiber preform, the methods have some defects, and the processing method of the multi-core optical fiber preform and the respective defects are shown in table 1. For example, in the stacking method, a circular core rod is arranged to form a preform, the circular core rod cannot be in sufficient contact with each other, bubbles are generated in the drawing of a multicore fiber, and although a patent proposes that a gap is filled with fine quartz powder, heating is performed for a long time during consolidation of the quartz powder, which causes a problem of uneven heating, and the long-time heating causes thermal diffusion of a material in the core rod, so that a vector of the drawn fiber is uneven. In the case of the drilling method, since the silica glass is very hard, the long-sized processing cannot be realized by the drilling method, and thus the length of the preform to be processed is limited.
Table 1: different processing methods of multi-core optical fiber preform and defects thereof
The invention provides a method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber perform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves, which can effectively reduce gaps in the multicore optical fiber perform by precisely grinding and precisely stacking a core rod and a quartz perform and processing the special-shaped quartz sleeve, can realize the preparation of the large-size multicore optical fiber perform and lays a foundation for the preparation of long-distance multicore optical fibers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a large-size multicore optical fiber perform preparation method based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves adopts precise polishing after core rod preparation, and is embedded into a special-shaped quartz sleeve with an inner wall without air gaps through combination of precise quartz components complementary with the gaps, so as to form a large-size combined optical fiber perform;
the preparation method of the large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on the perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeve comprises the following main manufacturing steps:
step 1: adopting PCVD, MCVD, VAD or OVD process to accurately control the refractive index profile distribution to prepare a core rod blank;
step 2: performing precise plane polishing and grinding on the outer part of the core rod blank prepared in the step 1 to enable the outer surface of the core rod to form a polygonal structure, and then performing degreasing, acid cleaning, pure water cleaning and drying for later use;
and step 3: preparing a special-shaped quartz sleeve on the inner wall by adopting a quartz continuous melting process, and carrying out acid washing, pure water cleaning and drying on the formed special-shaped quartz sleeve for later use, wherein the length of the obtained special-shaped quartz sleeve is 40-50 cm longer than that of the core rod, and the grown part is used as a tail pipe of the preform rod;
and 4, step 4: inserting the core rod of the polygonal column body obtained by grinding in the step 2 into the special-shaped quartz sleeve prepared in the step 3, aligning the special-shaped quartz sleeve with one section of the plurality of core rods, and precisely splicing the sections according to the geometric shape;
and 5: and (4) shrinking the rod at one end of the prefabricated rod core rod which is parallel to the special-shaped quartz sleeve, and welding the vertical head to obtain the combined large-size few-mode multi-core optical fiber prefabricated rod.
The outer surface of the special-shaped prefabricated part is a cylindrical surface, the shape of the inner surface is consistent with the shape of the whole outer surface of the combined core rod and the auxiliary rod, and the combined core rod can be sleeved in the special-shaped quartz sleeve in a matching mode.
The special-shaped quartz sleeve is formed by designing and preparing an internal special-shaped forming die and drawing according to a quartz continuous melting process.
The continuous melting equipment for preparing the special-shaped quartz sleeve comprises a furnace body, a core rod, a feeding hole, a tungsten crucible, a heater, a forming die, a discharging hole, a diameter gauge and a traction wheel; the forming die is made of tungsten metal, and the shape of the forming die is consistent with the shape of the inner surface of the required special-shaped quartz sleeve; the discharge hole of the continuous melting equipment is circular.
The inner refractive index distribution of the core rod perform is designed and optimized based on the practical application of the multi-core optical fiber: (1) in order to increase the density of the fiber core, the core rod of the prefabricated rod adopts a proximity heterogeneous arrangement mode, (2) in order to reduce crosstalk between the cores, the refractive index profile structure of the core rod of the prefabricated rod is designed by using an annular low-refractive-index isolation layer as a structure, (3) in order to increase the number of channels, the core rod of the prefabricated rod can be prepared into a few-mode fiber core, (4) in order to increase the effective area of a mode field, the numerical aperture of the fiber core of the core rod of the prefabricated rod is not more than 0.22, and (5) in order to reduce group delay between modes, the refractive index profile structure of the core rod of the prefabricated rod adopts an additional annular design or an inverted gradient structure fiber core.
The arrangement of the core rod prefabricated rod is in accordance with the principle that the close neighbors of the refractive index distribution structures are different, the splicing scheme of the prefabricated rod is various, and the core rod prefabricated rod comprises the following components according to the section shape: 1) a honeycomb (regular hexagon) split structure; 2) a square mosaic structure; 3) regular triangle mosaic structure.
According to the preparation method of the large-size multi-core few-mode optical fiber preform by perfectly combining the prefabricated component and the special-shaped prefabricated sleeve, how to reduce the crosstalk between fiber cores of the prepared multi-core optical fiber is considered, so that the optimal method for calculating the crosstalk between the cores for the communication optical fiber is a power coupling mode theory. An expression of the power coupling mode theory may be expressed as,
in the formula PmRepresents the average power, h, of the core mmnRepresenting the power coupling coefficient, z being the axial coordinate of the fiber, d being the length of the fiber, KmnIs a mode coupling coefficient, Δ β'mnBeing optical fibresThe difference in transmission constant of different core modes in the case of bending can be obtained in the relevant literature. According to the average value of the power coupling coefficient, when the length of the optical fiber is L, the crosstalk XT between adjacent fiber cores is calculated
In addition, the heterogeneous multi-core fiber has a maximum value of crosstalk under a bending condition, and the bending radius is Rpk(ii) a When the bending radius of the optical fiber is larger than RpkWhen the bending radius of the optical fiber is smaller than R, the crosstalk between the cores increases with the increase of the curvaturepkWhile the cross talk between the cores decreases as the curvature increases.
In addition to core crosstalk, the bending loss of the fiber is also a critical point in the design. When the optical fiber is bent, the loss value of the optical fiber increases with the increase of the loss value, wherein R is the bending radius of the optical fiber, and R is the bending radius of the optical fibercIs the critical curvature of curvature. For single mode fibers, RcTypical values of (a) are 0.2mm-0.4 mm. Another factor limiting the bending loss is the cladding thickness, i.e. the distance from the outermost core to the outer cladding, which should be greater than 30 μm for the multicore fiber.
The groove assistance is also an important way for adjusting the performance of the multi-core optical fiber, the increase of the annular groove with low refractive index can effectively inhibit crosstalk, and a-20 dB crosstalk inhibition effect can be realized under the same condition, so that smaller fiber core spacing and tighter fiber core arrangement are allowed, but the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber can be remarkably increased by the groove, and the available bandwidth is reduced to about 100 nm.
The multi-core optical fiber is often required to have the characteristic of long-distance low crosstalk in communication, the traditional homogeneous multi-core optical fiber has a plurality of same fiber cores, the propagation constants of the guided modes of the fiber cores are basically consistent, and larger inter-core crosstalk exists. Aiming at the problem, the invention designs the heterogeneous multi-core optical fiber with adjacent heterogeneous forms, and the scheme is a design scheme for resisting bending crosstalk because the crosstalk between the heterogeneous multi-core optical fibers has an extreme value.
For the arrangement scheme of the fiber cores, a hexagonal close-packed structure, a ring-shaped arrangement structure, a square arrangement structure and the like are generally adopted. The complete hexagonal arrangement can realize the arrangement modes of 7, 19 and 37 cores according to different stacking layers. For the scheme of splicing the precisely ground prefabricated rods, the polishing loss of the prefabricated rods can be reduced to the maximum extent by the hexagonal arrangement mode, and the cost can be reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following prominent advantages and remarkable progress:
(1) the difficulty requirement of processing and preparation is reduced.
(2) Helping to ensure the geometric accuracy of the core dimensions and relative positions.
(3) With a larger shrinkage ratio, preform errors are proportionally reduced.
(4) The drawn optical fiber has long length and good consistency, and the cost and the manufacturing cost of the optical fiber in unit length are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an end view of a square core distributed four-core single mode optical fiber 1, in which: d1Is the core pitch, d2Is the fiber diameter.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of grinding a round core rod 2 of a four-core single-mode optical fiber into a square core rod 3, in which: r1Is the core radius, R2Is the outer diameter of a round core rod D1The side length of the square core rod.
FIG. 3 is a sectional structure diagram of an apparatus for manufacturing a deformed quartz sleeve by a continuous melting method, wherein the reference numerals are as follows: the device comprises a furnace body 4, a core bar 5, a feeding hole 6, a tungsten crucible 7, a heater 8, a forming die 9, a discharging hole 10, a diameter gauge 11, a traction wheel 12 and a special-shaped quartz sleeve 13.
Fig. 4 shows a square forming die 9-1 used in the continuous melting furnace and the prepared quartz tube 14 having an outer circle and an inner square, which are numbered: a square forming die 9-1 and an outer circle and an inner square quartz tube 14.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a splicing method of a four-core single-mode optical fiber preform 15, in which reference numerals: a square core rod 3, an outer circle and inner square quartz tube 14 and a four-core single-mode optical fiber prefabricated rod 15.
Fig. 6 is an end face structural view of a 19-core three-mode optical fiber 16, the core arrangement being based on the principle that the refractive index profiles of adjacent cores are different.
Fig. 7 is a drawing showing a method of grinding a 19-core optical fiber core rod, in which a cylindrical core rod is ground into a regular hexagon, wherein the reference numerals: a round core rod 17 and a regular hexagon core rod 18.
FIG. 8 shows a special-shaped forming die used in a continuous melting furnace and a prepared quartz tube matched with a special-shaped inner hole, wherein the numbers are as follows: a special-shaped forming die 9-2 and a special-shaped quartz tube 19.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a splicing method of a 19-core three-mode optical fiber preform, in which cores are arranged according to the principle that refractive index distributions of adjacent cores are different by using core rods with three refractive index distributions, wherein the reference numerals in the figure are as follows: the special-shaped quartz tube 19, three hexagonal core rods with refractive index distribution 18-1, 18-2, 18-3 and 19 core three-mode optical fiber prefabricated rods 20.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1: and (4) preparing a four-core single-mode optical fiber preform.
This example prepares a quad-core single mode fiber 1 with a square core, and as shown in FIG. 1, the diameter d of the quad-core fiber 12125 μm, diameter of four single-mode cores 9 μm, core pitch d1Assuming that the diameter of the preform is 150mm, 40 μm, the preform is prepared in the following three steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of a Square core rod 3, a cross-sectional structure of a cylindrical core rod of an optical fiber processed by an OVD process in which the core diameter 2R is shown in FIG. 2(a)110.8mm, diameter 2R of the outer cladding268 mm. By using a precise polishing method, a cylindrical core rod can be polished into a core rod preform with a square cross section, as shown in fig. 2(b), the side length of the core rod is D1＝48mm。
Step two: and (5) preparing a special-shaped quartz sleeve with an outer circle and an inner square. The sleeve was prepared using a quartz continuous melting furnace as shown in fig. 3. The continuous melting furnace device comprises: the device comprises a furnace body 4, a core bar 5, a feeding hole 6, a tungsten crucible 7, a heater 8, a forming die 9, a discharging hole 10, a diameter gauge 11 and a traction wheel 12. Wherein the tail end of the core rod is provided with a forming die 9, and the shape of the die is the same as the structure of the inner wall of the hole of the multi-processing quartz special-shaped tube. The specific processing steps are as follows: (1) adding quartz powder raw materials into a feeding hole 6, feeding the quartz powder raw materials into a tungsten crucible 7, and heating the quartz powder to a molten state by a heater 8; (2) quartz is fully melted and homogenized in the tungsten crucible 7 and then reaches a discharge hole 10 at the bottom of the tungsten crucible 7 and a forming die 9 area, and the quartz in the area has the optimal forming viscosity and is convenient to form by adjusting the temperature of the forming area; (3) and controlling the speed of the traction wheel 12, slowly pulling out the melt discharge port at a constant speed, and testing the drawn pipe diameter by the diameter tester 11 to finally form the special-shaped quartz sleeve 13 with the qualified inner wall. The molding die used in this example was a square die 9-1 as shown in fig. 4(a), and the outer diameter of the quartz sleeve 14 having the outer circle and the inner side was 150mm as shown in fig. 4(b), and the diameter D1 of the inner hole was 96 mm.
Step three: according to the splicing method shown in fig. 5, 4 prepared square core rods 3 are sequentially inserted into a quartz sleeve 14 with an outer circle and an inner square to form a tightly matched four-core single-mode optical fiber preform rod 15 with an outer diameter of 150 mm.
Example 2: designing and preparing a 19-core three-mode optical fiber and a prefabricated rod thereof.
The end face structure of the 19-core three-mode optical fiber 16 is designed as shown in fig. 6, wherein the diameter of the cladding is 250 μm, the core interval is 30 μm to 45 μm, preferably 42 μm, the thickness of the cladding is 30 μm to 45 μm, preferably 41 μm, the numerical aperture of the core is 0.1 to 0.22, preferably 0.12, the diameter of the core is 12 μm to 18 μm, preferably 14.5 μm, and the core is alternately arranged in an inverse gradient type, a step type and a small ring auxiliary type with different parameters. The fiber is provided with an annular isolation layer around each fiber core, the thickness of the isolation layer is 5-8 mu m, the distance between the isolation layer and the fiber core is 12 mu m, and the NA of the isolation layer is 0.12. According to theory, all channels in a single fiber core of the heterogeneous nineteen-core optical fiber are in a strong coupling state, the crosstalk value among the fiber cores can be lower than-40 dB/100km, and the method can be used in a communication system with strong coupling and low inter-mode time delay of a long-distance communication system, and can further reduce the crosstalk among the fiber cores by about-20 dB if the forward and reverse alternate use of the fiber cores is adopted.
In order to manufacture the 19-core three-mode optical fiber described above, a preform is prepared as follows.
The method comprises the following steps: preparation of a regular hexagonal mandrel, a cross-sectional structure of a cylindrical mandrel 17 for an optical fiber, which is processed by an OVD process as shown in fig. 7(a), is polished into a preform of a mandrel 18 having a regular hexagonal cross-section by a precision polishing method, as shown in fig. 7 (b). In order to realize core heterogeneity, the present example prepares three-mode hexagonal core rods of three refractive index distributions.
Step two: and (5) preparing the special-shaped hole quartz sleeve. The sleeve was prepared using a quartz continuous melting furnace as shown in fig. 3. The adopted forming die is a special-shaped die 9-2 shown in fig. 8(a), and the quartz sleeve 19 with the special-shaped inner hole on the outer circle is manufactured, as shown in fig. 8 (b).
Step three: according to the split method shown in fig. 9, the prepared 19 three kinds of regular hexagonal core rods 18-1/18-2/18-3 are sequentially inserted into the quartz sleeve 19 with the special-shaped inner hole to form the tightly matched 19-core three-mode optical fiber preform 20. The core rods with three refractive index distributions are arranged according to the principle that adjacent fiber cores are different.
In the description and drawings, there have been disclosed typical embodiments of the invention. The invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Specific terms are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of special-shaped sleeves is characterized by comprising the following steps: the multicore few-mode optical fiber preform adopts precise polishing and grinding after the preparation of a core rod, and is embedded into a special-shaped quartz sleeve pipe with an inner wall without an air gap through the combination of precise quartz components complementary with the gap, thereby forming a large-size combined optical fiber preform;
the preparation method of the multi-core few-mode optical preform comprises the following steps:
step 1: adopting PCVD, MCVD, VAD or OVD process to accurately control the refractive index profile distribution to prepare a core rod blank;
step 2: performing precise plane polishing and grinding on the outer part of the core rod blank prepared in the step 1 to enable the outer surface of the core rod to form a polygonal structure, and then performing degreasing, acid cleaning, pure water cleaning and drying for later use;
and step 3: preparing a special-shaped quartz sleeve on the inner wall by adopting a quartz continuous melting process, and carrying out acid washing, pure water cleaning and drying on the formed special-shaped quartz sleeve for later use, wherein the length of the obtained special-shaped quartz sleeve is 40-50 cm longer than that of the core rod, and the grown part is used as a tail pipe of the preform rod;
and 4, step 4: inserting the core rod of the polygonal column body obtained by grinding in the step 2 into the special-shaped quartz sleeve prepared in the step 3, aligning one ends of the special-shaped quartz sleeve and the plurality of core rods, and precisely splicing the special-shaped quartz sleeve and the plurality of core rods according to the geometric shape;
and 5: and (4) shrinking the rod at one end of the prefabricated rod core rod which is parallel to the special-shaped quartz sleeve, and welding the vertical head to obtain the combined large-size few-mode multi-core optical fiber prefabricated rod.
2. The method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeves as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the special-shaped quartz sleeve of the prefabricated rod is a cylindrical surface, the shape of the inner surface is consistent with the shape of the whole outer surface of the combined core rod and the auxiliary rod, and the combined core rod can be sleeved in the special-shaped quartz sleeve in a matching mode.
3. The profiled quartz sleeve of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: the special-shaped quartz sleeve is formed by designing and preparing an internal special-shaped forming die and drawing according to a quartz continuous melting process.
4. A continuous melting device suitable for preparing the special-shaped quartz sleeve of any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that: the continuous melting equipment comprises a furnace body, a core rod, a feeding hole, a tungsten crucible, a heater, a forming die, a discharging hole, a diameter gauge and a traction wheel; the forming die is made of tungsten metal, and the shape of the forming die is consistent with the shape of the inner surface of the required special-shaped quartz sleeve; the discharge hole of the continuous melting equipment is circular.
5. The method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeves as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the internal refractive index distribution of the core rod needs to be optimized by considering the following factors: (1) in order to increase the density of the fiber core, the core rod of the prefabricated rod adopts a near heterogeneous arrangement mode; (2) in order to reduce crosstalk between cores, the core rod refractive index profile structure of the preform is designed by using an annular low-refractive index isolation layer; (3) in order to increase the channel number, the core rod of the prefabricated rod can be prepared into a few-mode core; (4) in order to increase the effective area of a mode field, the numerical aperture of a core rod of the prefabricated rod is not more than 0.22; (5) in order to reduce the group delay between modes, the refractive index profile structure of the core rod of the preform adopts an additional ring design or an inverted gradient structure core.
6. The method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on perfect combination of the special-shaped sleeves as claimed in claim 1, wherein: according to the principle that the core rod refractive index distribution structure is close to each other, the preform splicing schemes are various, including but not limited to the following: 1) a honeycomb split structure; 2) a square mosaic structure; 3) triangle-shaped mosaic structure.
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