CN113976897A - Method for preparing P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder by two-flow atomization method - Google Patents
Method for preparing P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder by two-flow atomization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113976897A CN113976897A CN202111177189.8A CN202111177189A CN113976897A CN 113976897 A CN113976897 A CN 113976897A CN 202111177189 A CN202111177189 A CN 202111177189A CN 113976897 A CN113976897 A CN 113976897A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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Abstract
A method for preparing high-strength stainless steel powder containing P by a two-flow atomization method belongs to the field of powder metallurgy. On the basis of various stainless steel components, a certain amount of P element is added into the stainless steel powder in an alloying manner by two-flow atomization, so that novel P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder is prepared. Melting the prepared intermediate billet by using a melting crucible, keeping the temperature of the melt at 1500-1800 ℃, then pouring molten metal liquid into a flow guide crucible, enabling the molten metal liquid to continuously flow out along a flow guide pipe at the bottom of the flow guide crucible at a constant speed, spraying high-pressure water flow/air flow along a nozzle at the top of an atomizing chamber, atomizing the metal liquid to form liquid drops to obtain P-containing stainless steel alloy powder, and finally drying and screening. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process, does not need additional equipment, can efficiently optimize a stainless steel powder system at low cost, and has very important guiding and pioneering significance for subsequent production of high-strength powder stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of powder metallurgy, and provides a method for preparing high-strength stainless steel powder containing P by a two-flow atomization method.
Background
At present, the powder metallurgy method for producing stainless steel overcomes the obvious defects of high production cost, low material utilization rate, low product size precision and the like of the traditional casting technology, can fully meet the extremely harsh requirements of modern complex parts on the shape of stainless steel products, simultaneously has excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the field of equipment manufacturing of national civilians in relation to aerospace, ocean engineering, medical instruments, chemical engineering, textile, energy and the like.
The production and development of stainless steel feedstock powders is of central importance, both in conventional powder metallurgy and in the Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process, which is currently a rapidly increasing scale of technology and development. The market scale of the stainless steel powder for the powder metallurgy is increased year by year, and the domestic stainless steel powder production is developed rapidly and greatly unprecedentedly. However, in the near-net forming method such as MIM which does not use a hot working process, pores still exist in the sintered stainless steel component system, and the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the stainless steel are inferior to those of the smelted stainless steel. Therefore, it is necessary to try to obtain a high-density sintered stainless steel by adding a small amount of alloying elements.
The P element is a low-melting-point element, and can promote the sintering densification of a powder system, thereby improving the sintering densification of the powder metallurgy product. However, in the conventional casting process, it is pointed out that the content of P element in the steel system should not exceed 0.05 wt%, otherwise it segregates at grain boundaries, causing cracking of the ingot during cooling and subsequent processing. In order to utilize the low melting point property of the P element, the invention provides a preparation method of novel P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder with low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing high-strength stainless steel powder containing P by a two-flow atomization method, which can efficiently optimize a stainless steel powder system by a simple and convenient means with low cost. Adding the P element into stainless steel systems of various grades in a two-flow atomization mode to prepare novel stainless steel alloy powder containing P. On one hand, the P element can remarkably promote sintering compactness, has very obvious solid solution strengthening effect on steel, and has certain benefit on the corrosion resistance of materials. Thus, P has considerable benefits in both strength and corrosion resistance of sintered stainless steel; on the other hand, compared with the traditional casting method which can generate serious P segregation, the powder metallurgy method can uniformly distribute the P element in a large amount of alloy powder particles, and the segregation phenomenon hardly exists in the subsequent sintering process due to the fact that the solidification process from a liquid phase to a solid phase does not exist.
In order to obtain the method for preparing the high-strength stainless steel powder containing P by the two-flow atomization method, the element P is added into a stainless steel atomized powder system to realize the optimization of the stainless steel powder component system, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding various required intermediate alloy billets into a melting crucible according to the component requirements of the stainless steel alloy powder, and simultaneously adding a certain amount of P element to obtain a stainless steel component system containing 0.1-2 wt% of P. The volume of the liquid after melting is not more than two thirds of the volume of the melting crucible;
(2) starting an induction heating system to melt the billet, keeping the temperature of the melt at 1800 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 20-70 min. Simultaneously, fully preheating the flow guiding crucible at 800-;
(3) pouring molten alloy liquid into a diversion crucible, and enabling the molten metal to continuously flow out of a diversion pipe at the bottom of the diversion crucible at a constant speed at a certain flow speed;
(4) spraying high-pressure water flow or air flow along a nozzle at the top of the atomizing chamber, and enabling the atomized water flow or air flow to wash high-temperature liquid to atomize the metal liquid to form liquid drops so as to obtain P-containing stainless steel alloy powder;
(5) and carrying out centrifugal drying and vacuum drying on the alloy powder obtained by atomization, and collecting and screening the dried alloy powder.
Furthermore, the components of the stainless steel alloy powder in the step (1) are required to be proportioned according to various grades of commercially available stainless steel, including grades 304, 316L, 201, 321 or 347 and the like.
Further, the P element in the step (1) is added in the form of Ni-P alloy or P-Fe alloy master alloy ingot.
Further, the certain flow rate in the step (3) is 3-16 kg/min. The flow rate control is related to factors such as the pressure of an atomizing medium, the components of an alloy liquid, the particle size of the required powder and the like, and the performance parameter deviation of the stainless steel atomized powder is large due to over-high or over-low conditions.
Further, the water flow pressure in the step (4) is 3-25MPa, the gas flow pressure is 2-15MPa, and the inert gas is used. Too low or too high a pressure of the water or gas stream will primarily cause the alloy powder particle size to deviate from the desired stainless steel powder particle size.
The key points of the technology of the invention are as follows: (1) the P element is added into the atomized stainless steel system in an alloying manner, so that the problem that the low-boiling-point P simple substance cannot be added into the high-temperature metal liquid after being volatilized is solved; (2) the P element which is easy to segregate can be uniformly distributed in the powder particles through high-pressure two-flow atomization, and the functions of promoting sintering and improving strength of the P element are fully exerted in the subsequent application process; (3) the P content in the novel stainless steel system is 0.1-2 wt%, and the P content is obtained through a large number of experimental verification and optimization, and the specific content of P in the stainless steel system cannot be deduced according to earlier research results. The beneficial effect of the P element is limited due to the excessively low content, and the densification in the subsequent sintering process cannot be sufficiently promoted; if the content is too high, a brittle phase is precipitated, which affects the plasticity of the material.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the optimization and improvement of a stainless steel powder system are completed with low cost and high efficiency by a two-flow atomization means and the addition of a P-containing alloy billet.
2. The P is added into the stainless steel powder in an alloying way, and has very important guiding significance for improving the mechanical property of the subsequent powder stainless steel product.
3. For powder sintered stainless steel such as MIM and the like, the addition of P in the alloy powder also plays a considerable important role in the corrosion resistance of the powder stainless steel product.
4. The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, no need of additional equipment and process steps, strong applicability and suitability for large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
(1) adding the needed intermediate alloy into a melting crucible according to the component requirement of the 304 austenitic stainless steel alloy powder, and simultaneously adding a certain amount of P-Fe alloy to obtain a stainless steel component system containing 0.5 wt% of P;
(2) and starting an induction heating system to melt the billet, keeping the temperature of the melt at 1630 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 40 min. Meanwhile, the diversion crucible needs to be fully preheated at 900 ℃; (ii) a
(3) Pouring molten alloy liquid into a diversion crucible at the pouring speed of 12kg/min, so that the molten metal continuously flows out from a diversion pipe at the bottom of the diversion crucible at a constant speed;
(4) spraying high-pressure water flow along a nozzle at the top of the atomizing chamber, controlling the pressure of the water flow to be 20MPa, and enabling the atomized water flow to wash high-temperature liquid so as to atomize the metal liquid to form liquid drops to obtain water atomized P-containing stainless steel alloy powder;
(5) and carrying out centrifugal drying and vacuum drying on the alloy powder obtained by water atomization, and collecting and screening the dried aluminum powder.
Example 2:
(1) adding the needed intermediate alloy into a melting crucible according to the component requirements of 316L austenitic stainless steel alloy powder, and simultaneously adding a certain amount of Ni-P alloy to obtain a stainless steel component system containing 0.8 wt% of P;
(2) starting an induction heating system to melt the billet, keeping the temperature of the melt at 1680 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 min. Meanwhile, the diversion crucible needs to be fully preheated at 1000 ℃; (ii) a
(3) Pouring molten alloy liquid into a diversion crucible at the pouring speed of 9kg/min, so that the molten metal continuously flows out from a diversion pipe at the bottom of the diversion crucible at a constant speed;
(4) spraying high-pressure inert gas along a nozzle at the top of an atomizing chamber, controlling the air pressure to be 8MPa, and flushing high-temperature liquid by using air flow to atomize the metal liquid to form liquid drops so as to obtain gas-atomized P-containing stainless steel alloy powder;
(5) and carrying out centrifugal drying and vacuum drying on the alloy powder obtained by gas atomization, and collecting and screening the dried aluminum powder.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing high-strength stainless steel powder containing P by a two-flow atomization method is characterized in that a P element is added into a stainless steel atomization powder system to realize optimization of a stainless steel powder component system, and the method comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1) adding various required intermediate alloy billets into a melting crucible according to the component requirements of the stainless steel alloy powder, and simultaneously adding a certain amount of P element to obtain a stainless steel component system containing 0.1-2 wt% of P; the volume of the liquid after melting is not more than two thirds of the volume of the melting crucible;
(2) starting an induction heating system to melt the billet, keeping the temperature of the melt at 1800 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 20-70 min. Simultaneously, fully preheating the flow guiding crucible at 800-;
(3) pouring molten alloy liquid into a diversion crucible, and enabling the molten metal to continuously flow out of a diversion pipe at the bottom of the diversion crucible at a constant speed at a certain flow speed;
(4) spraying high-pressure water flow or air flow along a nozzle at the top of the atomizing chamber, and enabling the atomized water flow or air flow to wash high-temperature liquid to atomize the metal liquid to form liquid drops so as to obtain P-containing stainless steel alloy powder;
(5) and carrying out centrifugal drying and vacuum drying on the alloy powder obtained by atomization, and collecting and screening the dried alloy powder.
2. The method for preparing the P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder by the two-fluid atomization method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the components of the stainless steel alloy powder in the step (1) are required to be proportioned according to various commercially available stainless steel grades, including 304, 316L, 201, 321 or 347 grades.
3. The method for preparing the P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder by the two-fluid atomization method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the P element in the step (1) is added in a mode of Ni-P alloy or P-Fe alloy intermediate alloy ingot.
4. The method for preparing the P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder by the two-fluid atomization method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the certain flow rate in the step (3) is 3-16 kg/min; the flow rate control is related to factors of the pressure of an atomizing medium, the components of an alloy liquid and the particle size of the required powder, and the performance parameter deviation of the stainless steel atomized powder is large due to over-high or over-low conditions.
5. The method for preparing the P-containing high-strength stainless steel powder by the two-fluid atomization method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water flow pressure in the step (4) is 3-25MPa, the gas flow pressure is 2-15MPa and inert gas is adopted; too low or too high a pressure of the water or gas stream will primarily cause the alloy powder particle size to deviate from the desired stainless steel powder particle size.
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| CN105088108A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-25 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Iron-base amorphous alloy, powder material of alloy and wear-resisting anticorrosion coating of alloy |
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| CN109865842A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-11 | 普瑞特机械制造股份有限公司 | A kind of technique using stainless steel edge grinding gusset material production powder |
| CN112111693A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | 赵放 | 420 stainless steel powder for MIM and water-gas combined atomization powder preparation method thereof |
| CN112846180A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-28 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing high-magnetic-performance phosphorus-containing silicon steel sheet through powder sintering |
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2021
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Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3522020A (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1970-07-28 | Iit Res Inst | Stainless steels |
| CN101992301A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-03-30 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Method for producing spherical stainless steel powder material by using high pressure water atomization method |
| CN104227006A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-24 | 苏州智研新材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing fine spherical stainless steel powder |
| CN104227007A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing aluminum powder and aluminum alloy powder through water atomization |
| CN105088108A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-25 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Iron-base amorphous alloy, powder material of alloy and wear-resisting anticorrosion coating of alloy |
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| CN112846180A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-28 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing high-magnetic-performance phosphorus-containing silicon steel sheet through powder sintering |
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