CN113976859A - Uniform and continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Uniform and continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113976859A CN113976859A CN202111402393.5A CN202111402393A CN113976859A CN 113976859 A CN113976859 A CN 113976859A CN 202111402393 A CN202111402393 A CN 202111402393A CN 113976859 A CN113976859 A CN 113976859A
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- friction block
- iron
- iron phase
- speed rail
- reinforcement
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of new materials. The method comprises the steps of designing a three-dimensional digital model of a uniform and continuous iron-phase reinforcement according to the shape and size of a friction block, preparing the iron-phase reinforcement through a powder bed melting additive manufacturing system, placing the iron-phase reinforcement in a friction block die, and combining the iron-phase reinforcement with copper liquid through extrusion casting to obtain the uniform and continuous iron-phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block. The process is simple, and the continuous iron phase reinforcement of the friction block has the characteristics of continuous and uniform distribution, small stress concentration and difficult damage; the performance of the friction block can be effectively regulated and controlled by changing the components of the reinforcement body, the shape and the wall thickness of the iron phase reinforcement body and the components of the copper matrix, and the requirements of different working conditions are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of new materials.
Background
The high-speed rail brake friction block is a consumption type key core part which is arranged on a high-speed rail brake device and ensures the safe operation of the high-speed rail. The friction coefficient and the stability of the friction block of the brake pad are required to be high, and the friction coefficient and the stability of the friction block of the brake pad are high enough under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high speed; the friction pair is not bonded with the surface of the friction pair, and the peeling, the scratching, the welding and other destructive damages to the friction surface are not generated; the heat-conducting material has good heat-conducting property and heat-resisting property, can work instantly at 900-1000 ℃ and for a long time at 300-400 ℃, and keeps the mechanical property and the friction property unchanged; good thermal fatigue performance, small linear expansion coefficient, high strength and excellent wear resistance. Copper has good heat-conducting property and processability, but pure copper has low strength, hardness and wear resistance and cannot be directly used as a high-speed rail brake pad friction block. At present, the friction block of the high-speed rail brake pad is usually made of powder metallurgy copper-based composite materials. The material is prepared by adding ceramic particles, graphite, molybdenum disulfide and other particles into copper powder and then by a powder metallurgy process, and the material has the advantages of complex process and high cost.
Compared with the powder metallurgy process, the extrusion casting method has simple process and low cost. However, when extrusion casting is performed, it is difficult to uniformly distribute the particles of the reinforcement in the matrix, and the problem of agglomeration is likely to occur. How to realize the uniformity and controllability of the reinforcement in the composite material is a main problem faced by the method. In addition, the powder particles of the friction block of the high-speed rail brake pad prepared by the existing powder metallurgy method independently exist, a continuous space distribution structure cannot be formed, and the particles are easy to peel off in the operation process, so that the wear resistance and the heat conductivity are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block, which has the advantages of short process and low cost, overcomes the defects of long process and high cost of the existing powder metallurgy friction block manufacturing process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and designing a three-dimensional digital model of the uniform continuous iron phase reinforcement according to the overall dimension of the high-speed rail brake friction block.
(2) And dispersing the three-dimensional digital model slices of the uniform continuous iron-phase reinforcement, introducing the slices into a powder bed melting additive manufacturing system, and preparing the uniform continuous iron-phase reinforcement by using iron-based alloy powder.
(3) And placing the iron phase reinforcement body in a friction block die, and combining the iron phase reinforcement body with the copper liquid through extrusion casting to obtain the uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block.
In the step (1) of the invention, the iron phase reinforcement is a continuum obtained by continuously topologically tiling any polygon such as a single circle, a triangle, a quadrangle and the like in a perimeter plane, the specific shape is selected according to actual needs, and the tiled area is determined according to the complete filling of the working surface of the friction block; the height dimension is determined to achieve complete filling in the height direction of the friction block. In the case of continuous round reinforcements, the individual circles have a diameter of 2mm to 8mm and a wall thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm. When the reinforcing body is a continuous polygonal reinforcing body, the diameter of a single polygonal inscribed circle is 1.5mm-6mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1 mm-2 mm.
The raw material for preparing the uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement in the step (2) is iron-based spherical powder, the diameter of the powder is 20-200 microns, and the powder component is pure Fe or iron alloy containing other alloy elements; when the iron alloy contains other alloying elements, the type and the content of the elements are changed to realize the regulation and control of the performance of the reinforcement.
In the step (3), the copper liquid is obtained by smelting pure copper or copper alloy containing other alloy elements; when the copper alloy contains other alloying elements, the properties of the copper matrix can be changed by changing the types and the contents of the elements.
In the step (3), the casting temperature is 100-150 ℃ above the copper or copper alloy liquid phase line, the pressure range during extrusion casting is 5-40 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10 min.
The invention also aims to provide the uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block prepared by the method, the reinforcement bodies are continuously and uniformly distributed in the brake pad friction block, and the performance of the friction block can be effectively regulated and controlled by changing the components of the reinforcement bodies, the diameter and the wall thickness of a circle or a polygonal inscribed circle and the components of a copper matrix. The performance of the reinforcement can be changed by changing the composition, shape, diameter and wall thickness of the reinforcement; the properties of the copper matrix can be changed by changing the types and the addition of elements in the copper alloy; the performance of the friction block can be regulated by changing the performance of the reinforcing body and the performance of the copper matrix independently or simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the method, the reinforcement is prepared after being rapidly solidified through powder bed melting additive manufacturing, and is a whole body which is uniformly and continuously distributed; after extrusion casting molding, the reinforcement and the matrix realize metallurgical bonding, the defects of complex powder metallurgy process, high cost and easy stripping of reinforced particles are overcome, and the manufacture of the uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block is realized.
(2) The powder bed melting additive manufacturing method fully exerts the advantages of space configuration structure preparation, extrusion casting forming efficiency and low cost. Meanwhile, the iron phase reinforcement can be added with alloy elements such as C, Si, Mn, Ni, Mo, Cr and the like to perform solid solution strengthening or second phase strengthening, the copper matrix can also be added with alloy elements such as Sn, Zr, Cr and the like to perform strengthening, and the diameter of a circle or the diameter of a polygonal inscribed circle and the wall thickness can be freely designed and regulated as required. And in the extrusion casting process, the mold filling and solidifying process of the friction block is controlled by controlling the casting temperature and the extrusion pressure. Therefore, the prepared friction block can realize effective regulation and control of the performance of the friction block by changing the structural parameters, element types and contents, copper matrix components and mold filling solidification conditions of the reinforcement body.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. Examples 1 to 3 are described by taking pure iron and pure copper as examples, and example 4 is described by taking an alloy as an example, and the reinforcing body is selected from a continuous circle, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the contents, and the performance of the friction block can be adjusted and controlled in a wider range by changing the circle of the spatial configuration iron phase reinforcing body into other polygons and changing the size and the wall thickness of the polygons and the components of the reinforcing body and the copper matrix.
Example 1
(1) According to the shape and the size of a brake block for braking a high-speed rail, a digital model of a uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement is established, the diameter of a circular unit cell is 2mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1 mm.
(2) And dispersing the digital model slices, introducing the dispersed digital model slices into a powder bed melting material increase system, printing the raw material which is pure iron spherical powder with the diameter of 20-60 microns to obtain the uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement.
(3) And arranging the uniform continuous circular iron-phase reinforcement obtained by forming in an extrusion casting die of the friction block.
(4) And pouring the pure copper liquid obtained after smelting into a mould, wherein the casting temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 40MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 minutes. After cooling, the uniform continuous round iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block can be obtained. The friction block hardness was 99.3HBW, and the coefficient of friction was 0.30. Example 2
(1) According to the shape and the size of a brake block for braking a high-speed rail, a digital model of a uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement is established, the diameter of a circular unit cell is 5mm, and the wall thickness is 1.5 mm.
(2) And dispersing the digital model slices, introducing the dispersed digital model slices into a powder bed melting material increase system, printing the raw material which is pure iron spherical powder with the diameter of 60-150 microns to obtain the uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement.
(3) And arranging the uniform continuous circular iron-phase reinforcement obtained by forming in an extrusion casting die of the friction block.
(4) And pouring the pure copper liquid obtained after smelting into a mould, wherein the casting temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 20MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 7 minutes. After cooling, the uniform continuous round iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block can be obtained. The friction block hardness was 101.7HBW, and the coefficient of friction was 0.28.
Example 3
(1) According to the shape and the size of a brake block for braking a high-speed rail, a digital model of a uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement is established, the diameter of a circular unit cell is 8mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm.
(2) And dispersing the digital model slices, introducing the dispersed digital model slices into a powder bed melting material increase system, printing the raw material which is pure iron spherical powder with the diameter of 100-200 microns to obtain the uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement.
(3) And arranging the uniform continuous circular iron-phase reinforcement obtained by forming in an extrusion casting die of the friction block.
(4) And pouring the pure copper liquid obtained after smelting into a mould, wherein the casting temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 5MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5 minutes. After cooling, the uniform continuous round iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block can be obtained. The friction block hardness was 98.2HBW and the coefficient of friction was 0.29.
Example 4
(1) According to the shape and the size of a brake block for braking a high-speed rail, a digital model of a uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement is established, the diameter of a circular unit cell is 6mm, and the wall thickness is 1 mm.
(2) And dispersing the digital model slices, and introducing the dispersed digital model slices into a powder bed melting additive manufacturing system, wherein the raw material is iron-based spherical powder with the diameter of 50-100 micrometers, and the raw material comprises 0.4 wt% of carbon and the balance of iron. And printing to obtain the uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforcement.
(3) And arranging the uniform continuous circular iron-phase reinforcement obtained by forming in an extrusion casting die of the friction block.
(4) Pouring the copper alloy liquid obtained after smelting into a die, wherein the tin content is 10%, the casting temperature is 1000 ℃, the pressure is 15MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5 minutes. After cooling, the uniform continuous round iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block can be obtained. The friction block hardness was 155.7HBW, and the coefficient of friction was 0.32.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) designing a uniform and continuous iron phase reinforcement three-dimensional digital model according to the appearance and the size of the friction block;
(2) dispersing the three-dimensional digital model slices of the uniform continuous iron phase reinforcement, and introducing the slices into a powder bed melting additive manufacturing system to prepare the reinforcement;
(3) and (3) placing the uniform continuous iron phase reinforcement body in a friction block die, and combining the uniform continuous iron phase reinforcement body with the copper liquid through extrusion casting to obtain the uniform continuous circular iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block.
2. The method for preparing the uniform continuous round iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the iron phase reinforcement is a single circle or a continuum obtained by continuously topologically tiling a triangle, a quadrangle or a polygon in a perimeter plane; when the reinforcing body is a continuous circular reinforcing body, the diameter of a single circle is 2mm-8mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1-2 mm; when the reinforcing body is a continuous polygonal reinforcing body, the diameter of a single polygonal inscribed circle is 1.5mm-6mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1 mm-2 mm.
3. The method for preparing the uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) when the reinforcing body is prepared by the powder bed melting additive manufacturing system, iron-based spherical powder is used, the diameter of the powder is 20-200 microns, and the powder component is pure iron or iron alloy containing other alloy elements.
4. The method for preparing the uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the copper liquid is obtained by smelting pure copper or copper alloy containing other alloy elements.
5. The method for preparing the uniform continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the casting temperature is 100-150 ℃ above the copper or copper alloy liquid phase line, the pressure range during extrusion casting is 5-40 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10 min.
6. The continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-iron brake friction block prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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CN202111402393.5A CN113976859A (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 | Uniform and continuous iron phase reinforced copper high-speed rail brake friction block and preparation method thereof |
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CN108580877A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-28 | 沈阳精合数控科技开发有限公司 | A kind of wind-powered electricity generation brake pad and its increasing material manufacturing method |
CN108746555A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of 3D printing space structure enhancing Cu-base composites |
CN112756626A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-07 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Composite material reinforcing phase form and distribution control method based on additive manufacturing |
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2021
- 2021-11-24 CN CN202111402393.5A patent/CN113976859A/en active Pending
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WO2015169024A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | 房殊 | Friction disk of metal/continuous-structure phase ceramic composite material and method for manufacturing same |
CN104894494A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of carbon fiber mesh reinforced copper-based wear-resisting material |
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Application publication date: 20220128 |