CN103725909B - The forging of a kind of powder LP-mode is for the method for aluminium alloy - Google Patents
The forging of a kind of powder LP-mode is for the method for aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103725909B CN103725909B CN201310740728.3A CN201310740728A CN103725909B CN 103725909 B CN103725909 B CN 103725909B CN 201310740728 A CN201310740728 A CN 201310740728A CN 103725909 B CN103725909 B CN 103725909B
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Abstract
The forging of powder LP-mode, for a method for aluminium alloy, belongs to POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS preparing technical field, comprises high-pressure inert gas atomization and prepares Al alloy powder; Powder liquid phase is formed; Apply vibration and pressure, the die forging of powder liquid phase; The steps such as die sinking pickup.The present invention utilizes tiny, that sphericity the is high feature of aluminium alloy atomized powder self, in conjunction with the advantage of semisolid metal processing technology and powder forging technology, more than powder sintering temperatures, heating makes it to form a large amount of liquid phase, pressurization and vibration activating technology is utilized to make the oxide film of Al alloy powder nano surface size broken, and enter into alloy matrix aluminum, directly prepare fully dense dispersion-strengthened aluminium alloy.The invention solves a difficult problem for the complete fine and close aluminium alloy of prior powder metallurgy manufacture technics, material structure is without the need to Special controlling, and forming property is high, processing method is simple, and material use efficiency is high, low-carbon (LC), energy-saving and environmental protection, cheap for manufacturing cost, without device-restrictive, be easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS preparing technical field, specifically provide the method for a kind of powder LP-mode forging for aluminium alloy.The method is not only applicable to the preparation of the larger wrought aluminium alloy system of difficulty, also can be used for the preparation of cast aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy and other alloy system.
Technical background
At the semisolid metal processing technology that 20 century 70s occur, as the method for metal working of a kind of advanced person, the good and solid metal of liquid collecting state metal forming shapes the good feature of part mechanical property in integrally, is developed rapidly in recent years.Utilize semi-solid processing method can produce complex-shaped component, the interconnecting piece etc. of the electron device that automobile drag cylinder body, wheel hub, piston, connecting rod, oil pump valve body and aerospace such as, use, for meeting lightweight requirements, the general aluminium alloy of above-mentioned parts material.
The key request of semisolid metal processing technology is to produce the blank tissue with tiny subsphaeroidal, the solid phase particles be uniformly distributed in liquid phase, and therefore preparing semi solid slurry becomes the basis of semisolid metal processing technology with crucial.The acquisition of spherical or subsphaeroidal crystal grain is mainly derived from the broken spheronization techniques of dentrite and controls forming core and suppresses dendrite growth technology.The former mainly relies on outer field action (mechanical stirring, induction stirring etc.) and makes dendrite fragmentation, and this process energy consumption is higher, and equipment investment is comparatively large, and difficult quality controls, and more easily causes splashing and the oxidation of aluminium alloy.The core of the latter is in alloy melt, form a large amount of nucleus, directly obtains spherical or subglobose nascent solid phase from alloy melt.Such as, a kind of preparation method of wrought aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry of the Introduction To Cn Patent of patent No. CN102319890B, synthesizes a certain amount of submicron order TiB at wrought aluminium alloy melt situ
2particle, as heterogeneous forming core core, promotes the forming core of wrought aluminium alloy primary phase, and recycling near liquidus placingJi Shu controls growing up of globular crystal, finally prepares high performance wrought aluminium alloy.But, submicron order TiB
2particle is very easily reunited, even if adopt graphite whisker to be uniformly dispersed, it is unfavorable that the forming core homogeneity for wrought aluminium alloy primary phase causes; Meanwhile, TiB is generated
2the raw material of particle adopts two kinds of villiaumite (K
2tiF
6with KBF
4), reaction process can release a large amount of toxic smog, and serious environment pollution and harm operator, bring difficulty to suitability for industrialized production.
China is at fermentation such as the theoretical level of semisolid metal processing technology and the kinds of institute's development, be on close level with some advanced countries, but China adopts the states such as the production lot of this technology, the quality scale of foundry goods and Japan and the United States to also have quite poor distance, wherein it is crucial that equipment gap.External relevant device manufacturing technology monopolization, main equipment cannot be introduced, and becomes the huge bottleneck that semisolid metal processing technology further develops and applies in China's suitability for industrialized production.
Manufacture field at powder metallurgy, powder forging is that metal-powder is pressed into preform, reheats and forge after sintering, to reduce the method eliminating wherein residual porosity even completely.More than 98% of the density accessibility theory density of powder forging.Compared with forging with routine, the pressure of powder forging is little, and temperature is low, and material use efficiency is high, and technique is simple, and size is accurate, and the performance of forging can close to common forgings, and directivity is little.But, for Al alloy powder, because its surface is covered with the aluminum oxide film (thickness is 5 ~ 15nm) of one deck densification, this layer of fine and close film can the serious sintering densification hindering POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS, if process by conventional powder forging process, be difficult to reach full densification.Therefore, how to destroy dense oxidation film, make it no longer hinder sintering, solve the sintering densification problem of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS, become a great problem of powder metallurgy circle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming existing semisolid metal processing technology and powder metallurgy technology existence, New Technologies In Powder Metallu Rgy is applied in the manufacture of aluminum alloy spare part, there is provided the forging of a kind of powder LP-mode for the method for aluminium alloy, realize low cost, short route prepares high-performance aluminium alloy Irregular Shaped Parts, do not need complex apparatus, be easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Inventive concept of the present invention is: Al alloy powder prepared by high-pressure inert gas atomization has the advantages that crystal grain is tiny, sphericity is high, meets the basic demand of semisolid metal processing technology.The present invention proposes powder liquid phase swaging technique, utilize the advantage of semisolid metal processing technology and powder forging technology, more than powder sintering temperatures, heating makes it to form a large amount of liquid phase, pressurization and vibration activating technology is utilized to make the oxide film of Al alloy powder nano surface size broken, and enter into alloy matrix aluminum, directly prepare fully dense dispersion-strengthened aluminium alloy.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the forging of a kind of powder LP-mode is for the method for aluminium alloy, and concrete steps comprise following content:
1, Al alloy powder preparation: the method that aluminium alloy is atomized by high-pressure inert gas is obtained aluminium alloy spherical powder, and powder average particle size is 2 μm ~ 35 μm.
2, powder liquid phase is formed: aluminium alloy atomized powder or preform are placed in the hot-work die that inwall is coated with matcoveredn, and pass into protective atmosphere heating, Heating temperature is 700 ~ 850 DEG C, and soaking time is 60min ~ 300min.
3, powder liquid phase die forging: after insulation terminates, hot-work die is placed on vibration table, apply vibration, vibrational frequency regulation range is 20 ~ 200Hz; Or ultrasonic tool head is inserted in powder liquid-phase system, apply ultrasonic vibration, vibrational frequency is 20kHz.When temperature is down to 550 ~ 650 DEG C, stop vibration, apply 5 ~ 50MPa axle pressure and carry out the die forging of powder liquid phase, the dwell time is 10s ~ 60s.
4, die sinking pickup.
Aluminium alloy described in step 1 can be any one or a few in Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Zn, Al-Mn system.
The atomized powder of aluminium alloy described in step 2 preform adopts mold pressing or isostatic cool pressing, and pressing pressure is 50 ~ 300MPa, and the dwell time is 15s ~ 300s.
Protective atmosphere described in step 2 comprises one or more in argon gas, hydrogen, coal gas, cracked ammonium, nitrogen.
Compared with prior art, superiority of the present invention is:
(1) because powder granule is comparatively thin, good fluidity, when pouring mold cavity into, as fluid, everywhere, forming property is high for filling die cavity, so the forging of different shape complexity can be shaped smoothly.The material use efficiency of blank to part reaches 100%, does not namely stay any intermetallic composite coating surplus and dressing.
(2) from the slurry required by semisolid metal processing technology or Slug preparing technique completely different, the present invention directly adopts tiny aluminium alloy spherical powder to be raw material, powder liquid-phase system still keeps when being formed waiting axle, tiny, even, spherical slurry tissues, preparation technology is simple, organizes and namely meets the demands without the need to Special controlling.
(3) vibration applied in the present invention, pressure outfield make the oxide film of Al alloy powder particle surface break in powder liquid-phase system, and enter in matrix, strengthen matrix while acceleration of sintering, solve a difficult problem for the complete fine and close aluminum alloy forge piece of conventional powder forging process manufacture.
(4) unit pressure is only 1/3 ~ 1/4 of common die forging, even lower, is greatly improved to the pressure of mould, and die life can improve 10 ~ 20 times.
(5) low-carbon (LC), energy-saving and environmental protection, cheap for manufacturing cost, without device-restrictive, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1(2024 aluminium alloy)
The composition of 2024 aluminium alloys in the present embodiment is 4.5Cu-1.4Mg-0.5Mn-0.5Fe, and surplus is Al.
1, will high-pressure inert gas atomization be adopted after 10kg2024 aluminum alloy melting to prepare 2024 Al alloy powders, median size be 35 μm.
2, above-mentioned 2024 aluminium alloy atomized powders are placed in the hot-work die that inwall scribbles graphite protective layer, pass into protective atmosphere and be heated to 850 DEG C, insulation 60min.
3, after insulation terminates, be placed on shaking table by the hot-work die that 2024 aluminium alloy atomized powder liquid-phase systems are housed, vibrational frequency setting 20Hz, applies vibration; When temperature is down to 620 DEG C, stop vibration, apply 5MPa pressure, pressurize 60s.
4, die sinking pickup.
Embodiment 2(5083 aluminium alloy)
The composition of 5083 aluminium alloys in the present embodiment is 0.1Cu-4.5Mg-0.6Mn-0.4Fe-0.12Cr-0.25Zn-0.15Ti, and surplus is Al.
1, will high-pressure inert gas atomization be adopted after 10kg5083 aluminum alloy melting to prepare 5083 Al alloy powders, median size be 25 μm.
2, above-mentioned 5083 aluminium alloy atomized powders are placed in the hot-work die that inwall scribbles ZrO2 protective layer, pass into protective atmosphere and be heated to 800 DEG C, insulation 180min.
3, after insulation terminates, be placed on shaking table by the hot-work die that 5083 aluminium alloy atomized powder liquid-phase systems are housed, vibrational frequency setting 100Hz, applies vibration; When temperature is down to 600 DEG C, stop vibration, apply 20MPa pressure, pressurize 20s.
4, die sinking pickup.
Embodiment 3(6061 aluminium alloy)
The composition of 6061 aluminium alloys in the present embodiment is 2.5Cu-1.0Mg-0.15Mn-0.7Fe-0.18Cr-0.25Zn-0.15Ti, and surplus is Al.
1, will high-pressure inert gas atomization be adopted after 10kg6061 aluminum alloy melting to prepare 2024 Al alloy powders, median size be 2 μm.
2, above-mentioned 6061 aluminium alloy atomized powders are placed in the hot-work die that inwall scribbles SiC protective layer, pass into protective atmosphere and be heated to 700 DEG C, insulation 300min.
3, after insulation terminates, be placed on shaking table by the hot-work die that 6061 aluminium alloy atomized powder liquid-phase systems are housed, vibrational frequency setting 200Hz, applies vibration; When temperature is down to 580 DEG C, stop vibration, apply 50MPa pressure, pressurize 10s.
4, die sinking pickup.
Embodiment 4(7075 aluminium alloy)
The composition of 7075 aluminium alloys in the present embodiment is 1.6Cu-2.5Mg-0.3Mn-0.5Fe-0.24Cr-5.5Zn-0.2Ti, and surplus is Al.
1, will high-pressure inert gas atomization be adopted after 10kg7075 aluminum alloy melting to prepare 7075 Al alloy powders, median size be 10 μm.
2, above-mentioned 7075 aluminium alloy atomized powders are placed in the hot-work die that inwall scribbles graphite protective layer, pass into protective atmosphere and be heated to 750 DEG C, insulation 180min.
3, after insulation terminates, Ultrasonic probe is inserted 15mm under 7075 aluminium alloy atomized powder liquid-phase system liquid levels, apply ultrasonic vibration, vibrational frequency is 20kHz; When temperature is down to 550 DEG C, stop ultrasonic vibration, apply 30MPa pressure, pressurize 40s.
4, die sinking pickup.
Claims (4)
1. the forging of powder LP-mode is for a method for aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that, preparation process comprises:
A) Al alloy powder preparation: the method that aluminium alloy is atomized by high-pressure inert gas is obtained aluminium alloy spherical powder, and powder average particle size is 2 μm ~ 35 μm;
B) powder liquid phase is formed: aluminium alloy atomized powder or preform are placed in the hot-work die that inwall is coated with matcoveredn, and pass into protective atmosphere heating, Heating temperature is 700 ~ 850 DEG C, and soaking time is 60min ~ 300min; Wherein protective layer comprises graphite protective layer, ZrO
2protective layer and SiC protective layer;
C) powder liquid phase die forging: after insulation terminates, hot-work die is placed on vibration table, apply vibration, vibrational frequency regulation range is 20 ~ 200Hz; Or ultrasonic tool head is inserted in powder liquid-phase system, apply ultrasonic vibration, vibrational frequency is 20kHz; When temperature is down to 550 ~ 650 DEG C, stop vibration, apply 5 ~ 50MPa axle pressure and carry out the die forging of powder liquid phase, the dwell time is 10s ~ 60s;
D) die sinking pickup.
2. the forging of a kind of powder LP-mode, for the method for aluminium alloy, is characterized in that according to claim 1, and aluminium alloy is any one or a few in Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Zn, Al-Mn system.
3. according to claim 1 the forging of a kind of powder LP-mode for the method for aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that, step b) described in aluminium alloy atomized powder preform adopt mold pressing or isostatic cool pressing, pressing pressure is 50 ~ 300MPa, and the dwell time is 15s ~ 300s.
4. the forging of a kind of powder LP-mode, for the method for aluminium alloy, is characterized in that, step b according to claim 1) described in protective atmosphere comprise in argon gas, hydrogen, coal gas, cracked ammonium, nitrogen one or more.
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| CN105710381B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-05-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of superfine aluminium power ultrasound turbulent flow atomization preparing apparatus and method |
| CN106312016B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-01-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of aluminum alloy forge piece vibration casting forging combined shaping method |
| CN109207765A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | The method that power forging prepares oxide-dispersed alloy |
| CN113369456B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-04-07 | 兰州理工大学 | Preparation method of high-performance aluminum alloy |
| CN113718126A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-30 | 新余学院 | Preparation method of in-situ nano spinel reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
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