CN113369456B - Preparation method of high-performance aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-performance aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113369456B CN113369456B CN202110619110.6A CN202110619110A CN113369456B CN 113369456 B CN113369456 B CN 113369456B CN 202110619110 A CN202110619110 A CN 202110619110A CN 113369456 B CN113369456 B CN 113369456B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum alloy, belonging to the technical field of preparation of aluminum alloys, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the invention combines grain size heterogeneity and grain chemical composition heterogeneity to cause the material to be non-uniform plastic deformation in the plastic deformation process, effectively inhibits strain localization and provides additional processing hardening capacity, can increase the plasticity of the aluminum alloy while improving the strength of the aluminum alloy, and further obtains good strength and plasticity matching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of aluminum alloy, in particular to a preparation method of high-performance aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum alloy has a series of advantages of low density, strong corrosion resistance, easy heat conduction and electric conduction, good plasticity and processing performance, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, nuclear industry, weapon industry and the like. However, most aluminum alloys, such as Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloys, have moderate strength, which greatly limits their large-scale application as structural materials in industry. The commonly used method for improving the strength of the aluminum alloy is grain refinement and compounding by adding reinforcement, wherein when the grain size is reduced to submicron or even nanometer level, dislocation can not be effectively stored due to the internal space limitation of the grain, so that the plasticity is sharply reduced; the latter produces strengthening by loading the reinforcement and introducing extra dislocations, but the reinforcement (generally in the micron order) is liable to form crack sources during deformation to cause premature failure of the material, resulting in severe plasticity reduction. Although the two technologies can greatly improve the strength of the aluminum alloy, at the expense of plasticity, how to maintain or even improve the plasticity of the aluminum alloy while improving the strength of the aluminum alloy is a major challenge for material researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy based on a powder thixoforming technology combining grain size heterogeneity and grain chemical composition heterogeneity, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: and ball-milling and uniformly mixing two aluminum alloy powders with different chemical compositions, pressing the two aluminum alloy powders into a preset blank, partially remelting the preset blank at the semisolid temperature of the aluminum alloy, taking out the preset blank after the remelting, and placing the preset blank into a preheated mold for thixoforming to obtain the high-performance aluminum alloy.
Furthermore, the ball milling time is 0.5h-4h, the ball-material ratio is (4-6): 1, and the rotating speed is 100r/min-120r/min.
Further, the temperature of the pressed preset blank is 150-320 ℃.
Further, the pressure for pressing into the preset blank is 200MPa-400MPa.
Further, the semi-solid temperature is 460-680 ℃, the liquidus rate of thixoforming is 20-40%, and the partial remelting temperature is 580-640 ℃.
Further, the partial remelting time is 40min-120min.
Further, the preheating temperature of the die is 150-350 ℃.
The invention also provides the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method.
According to the invention, the material is subjected to non-uniform plastic deformation by introducing specific structural heterogeneity, so that strain localization is effectively inhibited, additional work hardening capacity is provided, and good strength and plastic matching are further obtained. The idea of strengthening and toughening the material and the corresponding preparation method are provided, wherein the concept of strengthening and toughening the material by combining grain size heterogeneity and grain chemical composition heterogeneity is used for simultaneously improving the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy material, so that the problem of improving the plasticity of the aluminum alloy material while improving the strength of the aluminum alloy is solved.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) The prepared material tissue is composed of coarse crystals and fine crystals, wherein the coarse crystals are unmelted primary phase particles, the fine crystals are secondary solidification tissues solidified from a liquid phase, and the aluminum alloy material prepared by the method has crystal grain size heterogeneity (coarse crystals and fine crystals);
(2) The aluminum alloy powder particles with different chemical compositions are mixed together by utilizing the powder mixing step of the powder thixoforming method, so that the heterogeneity of the chemical compositions of crystal grains can be obtained;
(3) In the present invention, fine grains exhibit high hardness due to factors such as grain boundary strengthening, while coarse grains exhibit low hardness; the structure with a high solute element content exhibits a high hardness due to solid solution strengthening and the like, while the structure with a low solute element content exhibits a low hardness. The different deformation sequences of different areas of the material during the stretching process are different due to the different soft and hard tissues: the soft tissue deforms firstly, and the hard tissue deforms later, so that a large amount of geometrical dislocation is generated at the interface of the soft/hard tissue to coordinate the deformation in different degrees, the strain localization is effectively inhibited, the extra work hardening capacity is provided, the necking is greatly delayed, and the alloy has good strength and plasticity matching;
(4) The oxide film on the surface of the powder is utilized to increase the thermal stability of the crystal grains and improve the stability of the prepared aluminum alloy heterostructure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a thixotropy molding photomicrograph of 50wt.% A1 aluminum alloy and 50wt.% A2 aluminum alloy material of example 1 after remelting at 640 ℃ for 40 min;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the areal distribution of the various elements of the 50wt.% A1 aluminum alloy +50wt.% A2 aluminum alloy material of example 1 after remelting at 640 ℃ for 40 min.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy powder with two different chemical compositions is ball-milled and mixed evenly, the mixture is pressed into a preset blank by a vacuum hot press, the preset blank is placed into a vacuum furnace to be partially remelted at the semisolid temperature of the aluminum alloy, and the preset blank is taken out after heating and placed into a preheated die to be thixotropy formed, so that the high-performance aluminum alloy with different sizes and chemical compositions can be obtained.
According to the preparation method, the ball milling time is 0.5h-4h, the ball-material ratio is (4-6): 1, and the rotating speed is 100r/min-120r/min.
According to the preparation method, the temperature for pressing the pre-arranged blank is 150-320 ℃.
According to the preparation method, the pressure for pressing into the preset blank is 200MPa-400MPa.
According to the preparation method, the semi-solid temperature is 460-680 ℃, the liquidus rate of thixotropic forming is 20-40%, and the heating temperature is 580-640 ℃.
According to the above preparation method, the partial remelting time is 40min-120min.
According to the preparation method, the preheating temperature of the die is 150-350 ℃.
The invention also provides the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of ball-milling and uniformly mixing 50wt.% of Al-1.0Mg-0.6Si (wt.%, abbreviated as A1 aluminum alloy) and 50wt.% of Al-13.3Zn-3.7Si (wt.%, abbreviated as A2 aluminum alloy) aluminum alloy powder for 2h, wherein the ball-milling time is 5:1, the rotating speed is 100r/min, pressing the mixture into a preset blank at 300 ℃, the pressure of the preset blank is 290MPa, partially remelting the preset blank at 640 ℃ for 40min, taking out the preset blank after finishing, and then putting the preset blank into a die which is preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, so that the high-performance aluminum alloy can be obtained, wherein the tensile strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is 346MPa, and the elongation at break is 16.6%. The optical photograph of the high performance aluminum alloy prepared in this example after thixoforming is shown in FIG. 1, and the distribution diagram of the different elements is shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the structure of the alloy consists of coarse grains and fine grains; as can be seen from fig. 2, the coarse and fine grain regions in the alloy have chemical composition differences, i.e., the mixed aluminum alloy material prepared by the powder thixoforming technique has grain size heterogeneity and grain chemical composition heterogeneity.
Example 2
Ball-milling and uniformly mixing 50wt.% of A1 aluminum alloy and 50wt.% of A2 aluminum alloy powder for 2h, wherein the ball-material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 100r/min, pressing the mixture at 150 ℃ to form a preset blank, the pressure of the preset blank is 200MPa, partially remelting the preset blank at 608 ℃ for 75min, taking out the preset blank after finishing remelting, and putting the preset blank into a die which is preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming to obtain the high-performance aluminum alloy, wherein the tensile strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is 331MPa, and the elongation at break is 15.4%.
Example 3
Ball-milling and uniformly mixing 50wt.% of A1 aluminum alloy and 50wt.% of A2 aluminum alloy powder for 2h, wherein the ball-material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 100r/min, pressing the mixture at 320 ℃ to form a preset blank, the pressure of the preset blank is 400MPa, partially remelting the preset blank at 580 ℃ for 120min, taking out the preset blank after heating, putting the preset blank into a die which is preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, and thus obtaining the high-performance aluminum alloy, wherein the tensile strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is 302MPa, and the elongation at break is 14.8%.
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of ball-milling and uniformly mixing 50wt.% of A1 aluminum alloy and 50wt.% of Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg (wt.% referred to as A3 aluminum alloy) aluminum alloy powder, wherein the ball-milling time is 2 hours, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 100r/min, pressing the mixture at 300 ℃ to form a preset blank, the pressure of the preset blank is 290MPa, partially remelting the preset blank at 640 ℃ for 40min, taking out the preset blank after heating, placing the preset blank into a die which is preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, and obtaining the high-performance aluminum alloy, wherein the tensile strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is 324MPa, and the elongation at break is 14.7%.
Example 5
The method comprises the steps of ball-milling and uniformly mixing 50wt.% of A1 aluminum alloy and 50wt.% of Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg (wt.% referred to as A3 aluminum alloy) aluminum alloy powder, wherein the ball-milling time is 2 hours, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 100r/min, pressing the mixture at 150 ℃ into a preset blank, the pressure of the preset blank is 200MPa, remelting part of the preset blank at 608 ℃ for 75min, taking out the preset blank after heating, placing the preset blank into a die which is preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, and obtaining the high-performance aluminum alloy, wherein the tensile strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment is 315MPa, and the elongation at break is 14.2%.
Example 6
The method comprises the steps of ball-milling and uniformly mixing 50wt.% of A1 aluminum alloy and 50wt.% of Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg (wt.% and abbreviated as A3 aluminum alloy) aluminum alloy powder, wherein the ball-milling time is 2h, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 100r/min, pressing the mixture at 320 ℃ into a preset blank, the pressure of the preset blank is 400MPa, remelting part of the preset blank at 580 ℃ for 120min, taking out the preset blank after heating, placing the preset blank into a die which is preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, and obtaining the high-performance aluminum alloy, wherein the tensile strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is 308MPa, and the elongation at break is 13.6%.
Comparative example 1
Pressing 100wt.% of A1 aluminum alloy powder at 300 ℃ to form a preset blank, wherein the pressure of the preset blank is 290MPa, partially remelting the preset blank at 640 ℃ for 40min, taking out the preset blank after heating, and putting the preset blank into a preheated mold at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, wherein the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is relatively low (the tensile strength is 246MPa, and the elongation at break is 13.8%).
Comparative example 2
100wt.% of A3 aluminum alloy powder is pressed into a preset blank at 300 ℃, the pressure of the preset blank is 290MPa, the preset blank is partially remelted at 640 ℃ for 40min, and the preset blank is taken out after heating and is placed into a die preheated at 300 ℃ for thixoforming, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is relatively low (the tensile strength is 289MPa, and the elongation at break is 8.9%).
The analysis of the test results can obtain: it is feasible to produce high performance aluminum alloys (50 wt.% A1+50wt.% A2, 50wt.% A1+50wt.% A3) using powder thixoforming techniques based on a combination of grain size heterogeneity and grain chemical composition heterogeneity, as compared to a single A1 (or A3) aluminum alloy.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: ball-milling and uniformly mixing two kinds of aluminum alloy powder with different chemical components, pressing the mixture into a preset blank, partially remelting the preset blank at the aluminum alloy semi-solid temperature, taking out the preset blank after the remelting, and putting the preset blank into a preheated die for thixoforming to obtain the high-performance aluminum alloy;
the two aluminum alloy powders with different chemical compositions are two of 50wt.% Al-1.0Mg-0.6Si aluminum alloy powder, 50wt.% Al-13.3Zn-3.7Si aluminum alloy powder and 50wt.% Al-4.4Cu-1.5Mg aluminum alloy powder;
the prepared high-performance aluminum alloy structure is formed by coarse crystals and fine crystals, wherein the coarse crystals are unmelted primary phase particles, and the fine crystals are secondary solidification structures solidified from a liquid phase.
2. The method for preparing the high-performance aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the ball milling time is 0.5h-4h, the ball-to-feed ratio is (4-6): 1, and the rotating speed is 100r/min-120r/min.
3. The method for preparing a high performance aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the pressing into the pre-formed billet is 150 ℃ to 320 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the pressure for pressing into the pre-formed billet is 200MPa to 400MPa.
5. The method for preparing a high-performance aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the semi-solid temperature is 460 ℃ to 680 ℃, the liquidus rate of thixoforming is 20% to 40%, and the partial remelting temperature is 580 ℃ to 640 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the partial remelting time is between 40min and 120min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mold preheating temperature is 150 ℃ to 350 ℃.
8. A high-performance aluminum alloy, characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| US5551997A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1996-09-03 | Brush Wellman, Inc. | Beryllium-containing alloys of aluminum and semi-solid processing of such alloys |
| US6332906B1 (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2001-12-25 | California Consolidated Technology, Inc. | Aluminum-silicon alloy formed from a metal powder |
| CN102392161A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-03-28 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| JP6132100B2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2017-05-24 | 住友電工焼結合金株式会社 | Method for producing liquid phase sintered aluminum alloy member, and liquid phase sintered aluminum alloy member |
| CN103725909B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-09-09 | 北京科技大学 | The forging of a kind of powder LP-mode is for the method for aluminium alloy |
| CN104451239B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-08-24 | 兰州理工大学 | Al3tipthe powder thixotropic forming preparation method of/Al base in-situ composite |
| CN104674038B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-01-25 | 华南理工大学 | Alloy material with high strength as well as ductility and semi-solid state sintering preparation method and application of alloy material |
| CN105112697A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-02 | 兰州理工大学 | (Ti@A13Ti)p/Al-based in-situ composite material powder thixo-forming method |
| CN110343886B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of multi-grain-size strengthened aluminum alloy material |
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