CN113976594A - Scrap steel crushing and sorting system and method - Google Patents
Scrap steel crushing and sorting system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113976594A CN113976594A CN202111282203.0A CN202111282203A CN113976594A CN 113976594 A CN113976594 A CN 113976594A CN 202111282203 A CN202111282203 A CN 202111282203A CN 113976594 A CN113976594 A CN 113976594A
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- rotary drum
- steel
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- magnetic sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to a scrap steel crushing and sorting system and a method, wherein the system comprises a crushing mechanism and a sorting mechanism which are connected in series by a conveying mechanism, and the sorting mechanism comprises a rotary drum which is transversely obliquely arranged; a semi-annular magnetic sleeve is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the rotary drum along the outer wall, a gap is reserved between the magnetic sleeve and the outer wall of the rotary drum, and the lower end of the magnetic sleeve is lower than a material layer in the rotary drum; a scrap steel conveying belt is arranged in the rotary drum, and the feeding end of the scrap steel conveying belt is positioned at the axial position of the rotary drum where the magnetic sleeve is positioned; the upper end of the magnetic sleeve is higher than the height position of the scrap steel conveying belt; the rotary drum is provided with a screening section along the rear part of the magnetic sleeve, the wall of the rotary drum of the screening section is provided with a plurality of stages of cylindrical screens, and each stage of cylindrical screens is provided with a tailing outlet. Compared with the prior art, the method has a good impurity sorting effect, and can improve the purity of the processed scrap steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a scrap steel crushing and sorting system and method, and belongs to the technical field of steel making.
Background
The short-flow steelmaking of the electric arc furnace adopts scrap steel as a main raw material, and has requirements on the quality of the scrap steel. The recovered steel scrap comes from various industries, wherein the heavy steel scrap is best in quality, the light steel scrap comes from various waste household appliance shells, automobile shells, color steel tiles, flower boxes and the like, the surfaces of the steel scrap are often painted and galvanized, and impurities such as rubber, plastics, fabrics, copper and aluminum are mixed in the steel scrap, if the steel scrap containing the impurities is directly smelted, firstly, impurity elements can seriously affect the performance of finished steel, and secondly, organic waste is burnt in a preheating system or an electric furnace to generate a large amount of smoke and seriously pollute the environment.
The treatment of the steel scrap by a certain steel scrap company mainly adopts an open-air natural opposite side burning method to remove organic impurities such as paint, oil stain, rubber and the like covered on the surface of the steel scrap, and the problem of environmental pollution also exists. At present, the common method is to crush and sort the scrap steel, crush the raw materials by a double-shaft shredder, magnetically separate the crushed materials by a permanent magnet drum to obtain the scrap steel, sieve and classify the residual tailings after magnetic separation, and then separate the tailings at all levels by eddy current, so that copper and aluminum can be recycled, and organic impurities such as rubber, plastic and the like can be cleaned. The sorting system needs to adopt a plurality of sets of equipment, and each process node adopts a conveyor for transition, so that the occupied space is large. In addition, the method can not treat paint and galvanization on the surface of the raw material, and a large amount of pigment exists in the obtained crushed steel. The steel mill generally refuses to accept or discounts the price of the crushed steel with the colored material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a scrap steel crushing and sorting system and a method, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a scrap steel crushing and sorting system comprises a crushing mechanism and a sorting mechanism which are connected in series by a conveying mechanism, wherein the sorting mechanism comprises a rotary drum which is transversely obliquely arranged; a semi-annular magnetic sleeve is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the rotary drum along the outer wall, a gap is reserved between the magnetic sleeve and the outer wall of the rotary drum, and the lower end of the magnetic sleeve is lower than a material layer in the rotary drum; a scrap steel conveying belt is arranged in the rotary drum, and the feeding end of the scrap steel conveying belt is positioned at the axial position of the rotary drum where the magnetic sleeve is positioned; the upper end of the magnetic sleeve is higher than the height position of the scrap steel conveying belt; the rotary drum is provided with a screening section along the rear part of the magnetic sleeve, the wall of the rotary drum of the screening section is provided with a plurality of stages of cylindrical screens, and each stage of cylindrical screens is provided with a tailing outlet.
Furthermore, the front end of the rotary drum is provided with a front sealing cover, the rear end of the rotary drum is provided with a rear sealing cover, and the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover are both in a labyrinth type.
Furthermore, a plurality of material collecting cavities are formed in the bottom of the rear sealing cover along the axial direction of the rotary drum, and each material collecting cavity corresponds to a tailing outlet of each stage of cylindrical screen; the bottom of the material collecting cavity is provided with material homogenizing ports, and each material homogenizing port is strip-shaped and is linearly arranged along the axial direction of the rotary drum; one side of the material homogenizing port is provided with an eddy current magnetic roller, and a flow distribution plate is arranged below the material homogenizing port; and a metal material outlet and a non-metal material outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the flow distribution plate.
Furthermore, a plurality of spike teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the rotary drum along the front part of the magnetic sleeve.
Furthermore, the front sealing cover is provided with a blast port, the rear sealing cover is provided with a suction port, and the suction port is connected with a dust collector.
Furthermore, a shot blasting cleaning box is arranged at the upstream of the crushing mechanism, and a shot blasting machine is arranged at the side part of the shot blasting cleaning box; and a secondary screening machine is arranged at the lower stream of the scrap steel conveying belt and provided with a fine steel material outlet, and the fine steel material outlet is connected to a feeding hole of the shot blasting machine.
Further, the screening grade of the fine steel material outlet is 1-10 mm.
According to the system, the invention also claims a scrap steel crushing and sorting method, which comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps that waste steel raw materials firstly enter a shot blasting cleaning box, and shot blasting is carried out on the waste steel raw materials by a shot blasting machine;
2) the waste steel raw material after shot blasting treatment enters a crushing mechanism to be crushed to obtain a crushed material;
3) crushing materials enter a rotary drum, the crushed materials are separated by a magnetic sleeve, the waste steel materials enter a waste steel conveyer belt, tailings enter a screening section and are classified according to particle size, the tailings enter a corresponding aggregate cavity, and eddy current separation is carried out by an eddy current magnetic roller to obtain metal materials and non-metal materials;
4) screening the waste steel material by a secondary screening machine to obtain a fine steel material; the fine steel material is used as the steel shot in the shot blasting treatment in the step 1).
According to the invention, the functions of magnetic separation, tailing screening, non-ferrous metal separation and the like are integrated in one set of equipment, so that the flow can be greatly reduced, the occupied area is reduced, and the effects of reducing the equipment cost and the site cost are achieved. The rotary drum is used as a sorting mechanism, and meanwhile, the broken materials are continuously turned over in the rotary drum and are mutually ground, so that the effect of stripping impurities can be achieved, and the subsequent sorting is facilitated.
In the improvement scheme, shot blasting is added in front of the crushing mechanism, and paint and a zinc coating on the surface of the raw material can be strongly cleaned by utilizing high-speed shot blasting.
The shot blasting process is a common process for treating the surface of the casting, can effectively remove an oxide layer on the surface of the casting, improves the surface smoothness of the casting, and simultaneously improves the surface hardness of the casting by utilizing high-speed impact of steel shots. But because the consumption of the steel shots of the shot blasting process is large, the consumption of the steel shots of each ton of castings is about 2 kilograms. If the steel shot blasting machine is used in the recovery treatment of the steel scraps, the consumption cost of steel shots only subjected to shot blasting treatment per ton of steel scraps is about one hundred yuan, and the benefit of steel scrap crushing is generally only several hundred yuan per ton. It is practically impossible to apply the shot blasting process to scrap recycling treatment.
Aiming at the problem, the invention uses the fine steel materials screened in the process of crushing and sorting the waste steel as the steel shots for shot blasting, does not need to purchase additional steel shots, and the worn fine steel materials are all mixed into the crushed materials, thereby completely avoiding the cost of steel shot consumption, only increasing the equipment cost of the shot blasting machine, and not influencing the economic benefit of waste steel treatment.
The shot blasting treatment of the scrap steel only aims at cleaning surface layers of paint, zinc plating and the like on the surface of the scrap steel. The surface quality after treatment does not need to be considered, so the scheme has no requirement on the shape of the steel shot, and the fine steel material produced by the scheme in the flow completely meets the use requirement. And the fine steel material that broken flow was screened has sharp edges and corners, and is stronger to the destruction effect on raw materials surface during high-speed impact, more does benefit to the separation of surperficial impurity.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method has a good impurity sorting effect, and can improve the purity of the processed scrap steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the drum of the present invention taken along the magnetic sleeve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the drum of the present invention taken along a screen section;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an eddy current magnetic roller according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the drum of the present invention taken along the spikes.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a broken sorting system of scrap steel, include by the broken mechanism and the sorting mechanism of conveying mechanism series connection, broken mechanism 1 can adopt conventional biax shredder or vertical breaker, and sorting mechanism includes the rotary drum 2 that horizontal slope set up, and the rotary drum passes through the bearing roller and rotates the setting to be equipped with the gear circle with driving system meshing, driving system drives the rotary drum and rotates during operation.
In this scheme, high back is low before the slope rotary drum, and when the rotary drum rotated, the material was from the past to the migration backward.
Referring to fig. 2-4, a semi-annular magnetic sleeve 3 is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the rotary drum along the outer wall, a gap is reserved between the magnetic sleeve and the outer wall of the rotary drum, and the lower end of the magnetic sleeve is lower than a material layer in the rotary drum; a scrap steel conveying belt 4 is arranged in the rotary drum, and the feeding end of the scrap steel conveying belt 4 is positioned at the axial position of the rotary drum where the magnetic sleeve is positioned; the upper end of the magnetic sleeve is higher than the height position of the scrap steel conveying belt. Broken material constantly rolls in the rotary drum to along the incline direction antedisplacement gradually, when entering into the magnetic sleeve position, the scrap steel material adsorbs on the rotary drum inner wall, rotates along with the rotary drum and constantly raises the area face top up to the scrap steel conveyer belt, and when losing the magnetic force absorption back, the scrap steel material whereabouts is to the scrap steel conveyer belt on, realizes the magnetic separation. While the tailings without ferromagnetism still move forward along with the tumbling of the rotary drum.
The magnetic sleeve 3 is arranged on one side of the rotating drum, and is particularly related to the rotation direction of the rotating drum. If the rotary drum rotates anticlockwise, the magnetic sleeve is positioned on the right side. That is, the magnetic sleeve should be arranged on the climbing section of the material.
The rotary drum 2 is provided with a screening section along the rear part of the magnetic sleeve, the wall of the rotary drum of the screening section is provided with a multi-stage cylindrical screen 6, and each stage of cylindrical screen is provided with a tailing outlet 7. In this embodiment, the cylindrical screen 6 is provided with three layers, the outer part of the screen is provided with a shell, the shell is also provided with a tailing outlet, the tailing outlet 7 is arranged at the rear end, and the tailing outlets are staggered in sequence along the axial direction of the rotary drum. The tailings are screened into small materials, medium materials and large materials in the screening section and are discharged along corresponding tailings outlets. The screen mesh diameter can be selected according to conventional large material (size is 10-15mm), medium material (5-10mm) and small material (2-5 mm).
The front end of the rotary drum 2 is provided with a front sealing cover 8, the rear end is provided with a rear sealing cover 9, and the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover are both in a labyrinth type.
The bottom of the rear sealing cover 9 is provided with a plurality of material collecting cavities 10 along the axial direction of the rotary drum, and each material collecting cavity 10 corresponds to the tailing outlet 7 of each stage of cylindrical screen 6; the bottom of the material collecting cavity 10 is provided with material homogenizing ports 11, and each material homogenizing port 11 is strip-shaped and is linearly arranged along the axial direction of the rotary drum; an eddy current magnetic roller is arranged on one side of the material homogenizing port 11, and a flow distribution plate 12 is arranged below the material homogenizing port; and a metal material outlet and a non-metal material outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the flow distribution plate. The axial direction of the eddy current magnetic roller 13 is consistent with the axial direction of the rotary drum, namely the length direction of the material homogenizing port. The eddy current magnetic roller 13 is driven by a motor to generate an alternating magnetic field, and eddy current sorting is performed on metal materials in tailings.
In the eddy current separation process, in order to improve the separation effect, the tailings need to be subjected to size screening to prevent the mutual overstock of large materials and small materials. In the prior art, after tailings are screened, an eddy current separator is required to be arranged on each grade of tailings, so that equipment investment is increased, and site occupation is increased. According to the scheme, the refining ports are arranged in the same straight line direction, the longer eddy current magnetic roller is arranged on the side part of each refining port, so that the tailings at all levels can be sorted simultaneously, and the number of equipment is reduced. Because the eddy current sorting effect is related to the speed of the materials passing through the alternating magnetic field, the height position of the eddy current magnetic roller can be properly moved downwards relative to the material refining port, so that the tailings can obtain enough passing speed when falling.
Referring to fig. 5, the inner wall of the drum is provided with a plurality of spikes 14 along the front of the magnetic sleeve. The function of spike tooth is used for separating flexible impurities such as fabric of broken material impurities, and the fabric hung on the spike tooth can be regularly cleaned.
The front sealing cover 8 is provided with a blast port, the rear sealing cover 9 is provided with a suction port, and the suction port is connected with a dust collector. The blast hole blows air, the suction opening sucks air, the winnowing effect can be achieved, and dust in the broken materials is separated out.
The upper stream of the crushing mechanism is provided with a shot blasting cleaning box 15, and the side part of the shot blasting cleaning box is provided with a shot blasting machine 16. The shot blasting cleaning box can be arranged on the raw material conveying line, and the shot blasting machine can adopt a conventional impeller type shot blasting machine. And a secondary screening machine 17 is arranged at the lower stream of the scrap steel conveying belt, a fine steel material outlet is formed in the secondary screening machine 17, and the fine steel material outlet is connected to a feeding hole of the shot blasting machine. The screening grade of the fine steel material outlet is 1-10 mm, and the grain size of the fine steel material can be selected within the range. Because the broken materials are mostly flat materials and have small thickness, the grain diameter can be selected to be larger than that of the common steel shot.
Example 2
A scrap crushing and sorting method is implemented by using the system in example 1:
1) the method comprises the following steps that waste steel raw materials firstly enter a shot blasting cleaning box, and shot blasting is carried out on the waste steel raw materials by a shot blasting machine;
2) the waste steel raw material after shot blasting treatment enters a crushing mechanism to be crushed to obtain a crushed material;
3) crushing materials enter a rotary drum, the crushed materials are separated by a magnetic sleeve, the waste steel materials enter a waste steel conveyer belt, tailings enter a screening section and are classified according to particle size, the tailings enter a corresponding aggregate cavity, and eddy current separation is carried out by an eddy current magnetic roller to obtain metal materials and non-metal materials;
4) screening the waste steel material by a secondary screening machine to obtain a fine steel material; the fine steel material is used as the steel shot in the shot blasting treatment in the step 1).
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a broken system of selecting separately of steel scrap, includes broken mechanism and the sorting mechanism who is established ties by conveying mechanism, its characterized in that: the sorting mechanism comprises a rotary drum which is transversely obliquely arranged; a semi-annular magnetic sleeve is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the rotary drum along the outer wall, a gap is reserved between the magnetic sleeve and the outer wall of the rotary drum, and the lower end of the magnetic sleeve is lower than a material layer in the rotary drum; a scrap steel conveying belt is arranged in the rotary drum, and the feeding end of the scrap steel conveying belt is positioned at the axial position of the rotary drum where the magnetic sleeve is positioned; the upper end of the magnetic sleeve is higher than the height position of the scrap steel conveying belt; the rotary drum is provided with a screening section along the rear part of the magnetic sleeve, the wall of the rotary drum of the screening section is provided with a plurality of stages of cylindrical screens, and each stage of cylindrical screens is provided with a tailing outlet.
2. The scrap steel crushing and sorting system according to claim 1, wherein: the front end of the rotary drum is provided with a front sealing cover, the rear end of the rotary drum is provided with a rear sealing cover, and the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover are both labyrinth type.
3. The scrap steel crushing and sorting system according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom of the rear sealing cover is provided with a plurality of material collecting cavities along the axial direction of the rotary drum, and each material collecting cavity corresponds to a tailing outlet of each stage of cylindrical screen; the bottom of the material collecting cavity is provided with material homogenizing ports, and each material homogenizing port is strip-shaped and is linearly arranged along the axial direction of the rotary drum; one side of the material homogenizing port is provided with an eddy current magnetic roller, and a flow distribution plate is arranged below the material homogenizing port; and a metal material outlet and a non-metal material outlet are respectively arranged at two sides of the flow distribution plate.
4. The scrap steel crushing and sorting system according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the rotary drum is provided with a plurality of spike teeth along the front part of the magnetic sleeve.
5. The scrap steel crushing and sorting system according to claim 2, wherein: the front sealing cover is provided with a blast port, the rear sealing cover is provided with a suction port, and the suction port is connected with a dust collector.
6. The scrap crushing and sorting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: a shot blasting cleaning box is arranged at the upstream of the crushing mechanism, and a shot blasting machine is arranged at the side part of the shot blasting cleaning box; and a secondary screening machine is arranged at the lower stream of the scrap steel conveying belt and provided with a fine steel material outlet, and the fine steel material outlet is connected to a feeding hole of the shot blasting machine.
7. The scrap steel crushing and sorting system according to claim 6, wherein: the screening grade of the fine steel material outlet is 1-10 mm.
8. A scrap crushing and sorting method characterized by using the scrap crushing and sorting system according to claim 7, and comprising the steps of:
1) the method comprises the following steps that waste steel raw materials firstly enter a shot blasting cleaning box, and shot blasting is carried out on the waste steel raw materials by a shot blasting machine;
2) the waste steel raw material after shot blasting treatment enters a crushing mechanism to be crushed to obtain a crushed material;
3) crushing materials enter a rotary drum, the crushed materials are separated by a magnetic sleeve, the waste steel materials enter a waste steel conveyer belt, tailings enter a screening section and are classified according to particle size, the tailings enter a corresponding aggregate cavity, and eddy current separation is carried out by an eddy current magnetic roller to obtain metal materials and non-metal materials;
4) screening the waste steel material by a secondary screening machine to obtain a fine steel material; the fine steel material is used as the steel shot in the shot blasting treatment in the step 1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111282203.0A CN113976594B (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | Scrap steel crushing and sorting system and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111282203.0A CN113976594B (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | Scrap steel crushing and sorting system and method |
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| CN113976594A true CN113976594A (en) | 2022-01-28 |
| CN113976594B CN113976594B (en) | 2023-04-25 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114558690A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-31 | 环创(厦门）科技股份有限公司 | Magnetic separator for magnetic separation household appliance parts and household appliance recovery device with magnetic separator |
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| CN210058564U (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-02-14 | 辛集市乾森冶金机械有限公司 | Scrap steel crushing system |
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| CN113976594B (en) | 2023-04-25 |
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