CN113970523A - Shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method - Google Patents
Shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method, which strengthens the basic theory research, system construction and related technical equipment research and development of ship tail gas emission control and treatment in China, reduces the gap with developed countries, enhances the ship atmospheric pollution control and disposal capacity in China, overcomes the defects of current supervision modes and means, and enhances the ship tail gas monitoring capacity. The invention applies the laser absorption spectrum technology to research the emission flux and the tail gas smoke intensity measuring method of SO2, NO2, NO, CO2, CO and C3H8 in the ship tail gas, and integrally constructs a full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing test platform system. The tail gas remote sensing test platform system accesses the outfield device in real time through the ship tail gas remote sensing monitoring management platform to monitor the ship tail gas, and the result data comprises 6 components of concentration information, wind direction and wind speed parameters, AIS information of a corresponding ship, black smoke snapshot images and the like, so that the ship tail gas emission information can be acquired in real time without boarding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tail gas detection, in particular to a shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method.
Background
The air pollution prevention and control law stipulates that 'inland rivers and rivers directly reach ships and should use the ordinary diesel oil meeting the standard', 'the transportation governing department can define the ship air pollutant emission control area in coastal sea areas, and ships entering the emission control area should meet the relevant emission requirements of the ships'. The violation of regulations uses ships that do not comply with the standard fuel, and the maritime authorities penalize them as obligations. Because the tail gas is diffused quickly, evidence obtaining is difficult, and the traditional direct detection method is difficult to realize. The existing monitoring means enables a maritime department to preliminarily have the capability of checking and controlling the excessive emission of tail gas, but still cannot adapt to the current ecological environment protection requirement and situation, and has a larger short board. Therefore, under the large environment that ship exhaust emission control and treatment are highly valued at home and abroad, the challenge of increasingly severe ship atmospheric pollution damage risk is faced, the gap between the ship exhaust emission control and treatment in China is narrowed, the ship atmospheric pollution control and treatment capacity in China is enhanced, the defects of current supervision modes and means are overcome, the ship exhaust monitoring capacity is enhanced, and the ship exhaust remote sensing online detection technology and application demonstration are needed to be developed for strengthening the basic theory research, system construction and related technical equipment research and development of the ship exhaust emission control and treatment in China.
At present, the means for monitoring the tail gas of ships at home and abroad comprise: the ship fuel sampling inspection, the bridge area tail gas monitoring and the mobile tail gas monitoring are limited to certain extent, all-weather and all-time work cannot be achieved, and the supervision efficiency is not high. The ship tail gas emission and black smoke snapshot are urgently needed to be monitored on line in a long-distance and large-range manner without boarding in the future, the emission reduction of the atmospheric pollutants of the ship is forced to be promoted by a more efficient and accurate supervision means, and the air quality is improved.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a shore-based full laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method to meet the requirements of different detection scenes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method comprises a remote sensing host, a remote sensing auxiliary machine and a detection auxiliary machine, wherein the remote sensing host and the remote sensing auxiliary machine are respectively arranged on two sides of a river channel and are used for measuring ship tail gas plume data in the river channel in real time; the detection auxiliary machine and the remote sensing host are arranged on the same side of the river channel, and the detection auxiliary machine acquires ship tail gas plume data in the river channel measured in the remote sensing host in real time.
The remote sensing host computer install on the cloud platform wholly, the cloud platform is in the three direction regulation of XYZ.
The remote sensing auxiliary machine comprises a hollow corner reflector, and a high-reflection film of 500 nm-8 um is plated on the hollow corner reflector.
The remote sensing host comprises lasers with wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.0um, 2.3um, 3.37um and 561nm respectively, a main control board, a temperature control module, a thermistor, a laser driving module, a light splitting sheet, a reflector, a vibrating mirror, a 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror, an infrared detector and a green light detector, wherein the main control board is connected with the temperature control module, the thermistor and the laser driving module respectively, the main control board generates a modulation signal and a voltage signal respectively, and controls the temperature control module and the laser driving module simultaneously to enable 6 lasers with wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.3um, 2.0um and 3.37um to emit light according to a 1 → 6 time sequence, only 1 light source emits light at each moment, other 5 standby paths are provided, the interval of the two light sources is 100ms, and the 561nm light source is in a normally open state; the galvanometer sets the angle of the reflector according to the light emitting time sequence of each path of light, each path of light beam is emitted according to the horizontal angle, the combined light spot light-passing hollow angle reflector returns to the original path and then is focused by the 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror, the focused light beam is split by the beam splitter, the 561nm light beam is received by the green light detector, the rest 6 wavelength light beams are received by the infrared detector, and signals detected by the green light detector and the infrared detector are subjected to concentration inversion and data uploading by the main control board.
When the main control board carries out IV conversion and AD acquisition on the received detector signals, the signals are conditioned by adopting an AGC method, and AGC adjustment is carried out when no ship passes by, wherein the AGC adjustment dynamic range is 60 dB.
The main control board introduces a combustion equation, measures various exhaust pollutants by using CO2 as reference gas, intercepts a section of effective test data during calculation, performs correlation fitting on other component data and CO2 data, adopts a dynamic mode for data interception, takes the maximum correlation coefficient of fitting as a judgment basis, and introduces the fitting coefficient into the combustion equation to calculate the smoke mass value of each component of the ship tail gas smoke plume in the river channel.
The detection auxiliary machine include host computer and with the host computer auxiliary measurement unit who is connected, the host computer still with the main control board connect, realize 8 functions of site management, the access of boats and ships tail gas real-time supervision information, boats and ships tail gas historical information analysis, boats and ships tail gas black smoke snapshot, suspect ship locking management, the management of violating regulations boats and ships information, management of boats and ships holographic map and remote monitoring user information management. When the ship passes through the remote sensing host, the system acquires the concentration and the smoke intensity of 6 gas components in real time, and meanwhile, the on-site camera captures ship tail gas black smoke data, and the ship GIS data are combined to distinguish and position the ship. Once the exhaust emission of the ship is found to be overproof, the system automatically inputs and reports the ship information so as to facilitate further investigation and law enforcement when boarding the ship.
The remote sensing main machine and the remote sensing auxiliary machine are arranged at the farthest installation distance of 500 meters.
The size of a lens used by the galvanometer is 15mm, the coating range is 350 nm-12 um, and the diameter of a coupling light spot at a position of 500m is less than 5 cm.
A mixed gas sample pool is arranged on a light path in front of the remote sensing host, the motor drives the mixed gas sample pool to cut in and out the light path, the motor switches the mixed gas sample pool into the light path every 8 hours to calibrate detection data, and meanwhile, the wavelength of each laser is corrected to compensate the influence of the change of the ambient temperature on the wavelength of the laser.
The invention uses laser absorption spectrum technology to research the emission flux of SO2, NO2, NO, CO2, CO and C3H8 in the ship tail gas and the tail gas smoke intensity measurement method, and integrally constructs a full laser ship tail gas remote sensing test platform system, wherein, the measurement of target gas components SO2, NO2, NO, CO2, CO and C3H8 respectively adopts lasers with the wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.0um and 3.37um, 6 lasers adopt the domain time-sharing light-emitting method when high-precision optical beam combination is combined to measure 6 component gases of tail gas smoke clusters, and the measurement of 6 gas components shares one detector; 561nm green laser is adopted for measuring the light-tight smoke intensity (PM), and the green laser is modulated by square waves. The tail gas remote sensing test platform system accesses the outfield device in real time through the ship tail gas remote sensing monitoring management platform to monitor the ship tail gas, and the result data comprises 6 components of concentration information, wind direction and wind speed parameters, AIS information of corresponding ships, black smoke snapshot images and the like, so that the real emission information of the ship tail gas is acquired in real time without boarding.
The remote sensing host and the auxiliary machine are respectively arranged on two sides of a river channel, the farthest installation distance is 500 meters, and the real-time measurement is carried out on the ship tail gas plume in the river channel. The detection auxiliary machine can realize 8 functions of site management, access of real-time monitoring information of ship tail gas, historical information analysis of the ship tail gas, snapshot of black smoke of the ship tail gas, locking management of suspected ships, illegal ship information management, ship holographic map management and remote monitoring user information management, and real non-boarding real-time acquisition of the emission information of the ship tail gas is realized.
When the concentration and the smoke intensity of each gas component of the ship tail gas are tested, in order to eliminate the influence of smoke plume diffusion on the concentration of each component in the tail gas, a combustion equation is introduced, CO2 is used as reference gas to measure various exhaust pollutants, a section of effective test data is intercepted during calculation, correlation fitting is carried out on other component data and CO2 data, a dynamic mode is adopted for data interception, and the maximum fitting correlation coefficient is a judgment basis. And substituting the fitting coefficient into a combustion equation to calculate the smoke mass value of each component.
When the concentration and the smoke intensity of each gas component of the ship tail gas are tested, the 6 beams of measuring laser and the green laser are subjected to space high-precision coupling by using a vibrating mirror, wherein the size of a lens used by the vibrating mirror is 15mm, the coating range is 350 nm-12 um, and the diameter of a coupling light spot at a position of 500m is smaller than 5cm, so that the time-space correlation of the measurement of each component of the tail gas is ensured, and the concentration inversion precision is improved.
When the target gas is measured, the tail gas of the ship is rapidly diffused to form so-called smoke plume, and the smoke plume of the tail gas is continuously diluted due to the influence of the surrounding environment and the diffusion effect, so that a time division multiplexing modulation-demodulation spectrum processing method needs to be adopted for the absorption spectrum of each component by utilizing a phase-locked amplification technology, and the modulation depth of each channel is dynamically adjusted to improve the detection sensitivity.
When the target gas is measured, 6 paths of laser light emit light according to the time sequence of 1 → 6, only 1 path of light source emits light at each moment, the other 5 paths of light sources are in standby, and the light emitting time interval of the two paths of light sources is 100 ms. The galvanometer and the detector synchronously adjust the emergent angle of each light source and collect signals according to the time sequence of 1 → 6, and simultaneously automatically adjust the gain of each signal in real time according to the difference of the power and the optical efficiency of each light source so as to ensure the signal-to-noise ratio of each signal.
When the target gas is measured, the remote sensing detection host integrates a 6-component mixed gas self-calibration gas pool, the motor automatically switches the calibration gas pool to the light path every 8 hours to calibrate detection data, and meanwhile, the wavelength of each laser is corrected to compensate the influence of the environmental temperature change on the wavelength of the laser.
The remote sensing host is arranged on the holder, when the detection signal is too weak, the angles of the holder in the XYZ three directions are automatically adjusted in a small range to enable the detection signal to reach the maximum value, and then the gains of the circuit of each channel are automatically adjusted to enhance the environmental adaptability of the remote sensing system.
The remote sensing host integrates a temperature control system, and meanwhile, the equipment is designed to be integrally insulated, so that the temperature of the case is kept at about 25 ℃.
The invention has the functions of self-checking and fault indication, and can feed back system error information in a form of combining an indicator light with a fault code.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention integrally constructs a full laser ship tail gas remote measurement test platform system, overcomes the defects that the existing ship tail gas monitoring is time-consuming and labor-consuming and can not meet the requirements of on-site monitoring and inspection, overcomes the defects of the supervision mode and means at the present stage, and enhances the monitoring capability of the ship tail gas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path coupling structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method comprises a remote sensing main machine 15, a remote sensing auxiliary machine 16 and a detection auxiliary machine 17. The remote sensing host 15 and the remote sensing auxiliary machine 17 are respectively arranged at two sides of the river channel, the farthest installation distance is 500 meters, and the real-time measurement is carried out on the ship tail gas plume in the river channel. The detection auxiliary machine 17 comprises an upper computer 10 and an auxiliary measurement unit 14, and can realize 8 functions of site management, access of real-time monitoring information of ship tail gas, historical information analysis of the ship tail gas, snapshot of black smoke of the ship tail gas, locking management of suspected ships, illegal ship information management, ship holographic map management and remote monitoring user information management, and real non-boarding real-time acquisition of emission information of the ship tail gas is realized.
The remote sensing auxiliary machine 16 comprises a hollow corner reflector 1, and the hollow corner reflector 1 is plated with a high reflection film of 500 nm-8 um.
The remote sensing host computer 15 is installed on the cloud platform, and the cloud platform can realize that three direction of XYZ are adjusted to realize the light path and aim at.
The remote sensing host 15 comprises a laser 7 with wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.3um, 2.0um, 3.37um and 561nm respectively, a reflector 4, a main control board 9, a temperature control module 18, a thermistor 19, a laser driving module 8, a beam splitter 12, a vibrating mirror 13, an off-axis parabolic mirror 11 with 90 degrees, an infrared detector 6 and a green light detector 5, wherein the main control board 9 is respectively connected with the temperature control module 18, the thermistor 19 and the laser driving module 8, the main control board 9 generates modulation signals and voltage signals according to the characteristics of the laser 7, and controls the temperature control and driving module 8 to enable the wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.3um, 2.0um and 3.37um 6 lasers to emit light according to the sequence of 1 → 6, only 1 light source is emitted every moment, other 5 paths of standby light sources are provided, and the time interval between the two paths of light sources is 100ms, the 561nm light source is in a normally open state. Each path of light beam reaches the vibrating mirror 13 after being reflected by the light-passing reflector 4, the vibrating mirror 13 sets the angle of the reflector according to the light-emitting time sequence of each path of light, so that each path of light beam is emitted according to the horizontal angle, the aim of multi-wavelength high-precision beam combination is achieved, the combined light spot light-passing hollow angle reflector 1 is focused by the 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror 11 after returning from the original path, the focused light beam is split by the beam splitter 12, the 561nm light beam is received by the green light detector 5, other wavelength light beams are received by the infrared detector 6, and the final detection signal is subjected to concentration inversion and data uploading by the main control board 9.
When the main control board 9 performs IV conversion and AD acquisition on the detector signal, it needs to condition the signal by using an AGC method to reduce the influence of lens gray layer adhesion and rain and fog. Meanwhile, the validity of data is considered, AGC adjustment is not needed when a ship passes by, the influence of gear fluctuation on the inversion smoke lump value is avoided, and the specific AGC adjustment dynamic range is 60 dB.
When signals of the infrared detector 6 are collected, the ADC sampling rate is 10 MSPS; in signal acquisition for the green detector 5, the ADC sampling rate is 1 MSPS.
A mixed gas sample pool is arranged on a light path in front of the remote sensing host 15, the motor 3 drives the mixed gas sample pool 2 to cut in and out the light path, the motor switches the mixed gas sample pool into the light path every 8 hours to calibrate detection data, and meanwhile, the wavelength of each laser 7 is corrected to compensate the influence of environment temperature change on the wavelength of the laser.
When the laser 7 with the wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.3um, 2.0um, 3.37um and 561nm is frequency locked, the motor 3 drives the mixed gas sample pool 2 to be switched into a light path at a certain interval, the main control board 9 and the temperature control current driver 8 adopt a method for changing the light source setting voltage to adjust the target value of the central wavelength of the light source in real time, wherein the voltage setting adopts 16-bit high-precision DAC, the setting mode adopts PID adjustment, and the frequency locking period is 8 hours.
The mixed gas is SO2, NO2, N0, CO2 and C3H 8.
The invention also has the functions of temperature control and light intensity self-adaptive adjustment, a thermistor and a temperature control module are integrated in the system, the main control board 9 adjusts the output power of the temperature control module in real time according to a PID algorithm, and the temperature in the system is controlled to be about 25 ℃, thereby enhancing the adaptability under different temperature conditions. Meanwhile, if the light intensity drops below the threshold value, the main control board 9 controls the XYZ angle of the holder so as to find an angle with the maximum light intensity, and then the AGC is started to adjust the light intensity of each path to reach an ideal value, so that the environmental adaptability of the system is improved, and the maintenance investment is reduced.
The remote sensing detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention also has the characteristic of quick response time, the system response time is 10ms, 100 groups of gas smoke mass values of each component can be calculated in each period, and 100 groups of effective smoke mass values can be captured within 1s after the ship passes, so that the correlation of each channel can be well fitted, and the concentration value of each gas component can be better calculated.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
and after the system is started, self-checking is completed within 10s, the laser and the 561nm green laser are sequentially turned on according to a time sequence, the equipment temperature control module and the detection auxiliary machine are turned on, and the angle of the holder is adjusted to enable the light intensity to reach a desired value. If the self-checking fails, the system fault indicator lamp is always on, and the fault code is reported at the same time. And after the self-checking is passed, the motor cuts the mixed standard gas cell into a light path, and the wavelength of the light source with each wavelength is calibrated. When the concentration and the smoke intensity of each gas component of the ship tail gas are tested, in order to eliminate the influence of smoke plume diffusion on the concentration of each component in the tail gas, a combustion equation is introduced, CO2 is used as reference gas to measure various exhaust pollutants, a section of effective test data is intercepted during calculation, correlation fitting is carried out on other component data and CO2 data, and fitting coefficients are introduced into the combustion equation to calculate the smoke mass value of each component. The tail gas remote sensing test platform system accesses the outfield device in real time through the ship tail gas remote sensing monitoring management platform to monitor the ship tail gas, and the result data comprises 6 components of concentration information, wind direction and wind speed parameters, AIS information of corresponding ships, black smoke snapshot images and the like, so that the real emission information of the ship tail gas is acquired in real time without boarding.
Claims (10)
1. A shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the remote sensing host and the remote sensing auxiliary machine are respectively arranged on two sides of a river channel and are used for measuring ship tail gas smoke plume data in the river channel in real time; the detection auxiliary machine and the remote sensing host are arranged on the same side of the river channel, and the detection auxiliary machine acquires ship tail gas plume data in the river channel measured in the remote sensing host in real time.
2. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the remote sensing host computer install on the cloud platform wholly, the cloud platform is in the three direction regulation of XYZ.
3. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the remote sensing auxiliary machine comprises a hollow corner reflector, and a high-reflection film of 500 nm-8 um is plated on the hollow corner reflector.
4. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the remote sensing host comprises lasers with wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.3um, 2.0um, 3.37um and 561nm respectively, a main control board, a temperature control module, a thermistor, a laser driving module, a light splitting sheet, a reflector, a vibrating mirror, a 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror, an infrared detector and a green light detector, wherein the main control board is connected with the temperature control module, the thermistor and the laser driving module respectively, the main control board generates a modulation signal and a voltage signal respectively, and controls the temperature control module and the laser driving module simultaneously to enable 6 lasers with wavelengths of 7.26um, 6.13um, 5.26um, 2.3um, 2.0um and 3.37um to emit light according to a time sequence from 1 to 6, only 1 light source emits light at each moment, other 5 standby paths are standby, the interval of the two light sources is 100ms, and the 561nm light source is in a normally open state; the galvanometer sets the angle of the reflector according to the light emitting time sequence of each path of light, each path of light beam is emitted according to the horizontal angle, the combined light spot light-passing hollow angle reflector returns to the original path and then is focused by the 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror, the focused light beam is split by the beam splitter, the 561nm light beam is received by the green light detector, the rest wavelength light beams are received by the infrared detector, and signals detected by the green light detector and the infrared detector are subjected to concentration inversion and data uploading by the main control board.
5. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the main control board carries out IV conversion and AD acquisition on the received detector signals, the signals are conditioned by adopting an AGC method, and AGC adjustment is carried out when no ship passes by, wherein the AGC adjustment dynamic range is 60 dB.
6. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the main control board introduces a combustion equation, measures various exhaust pollutants by using CO2 as reference gas, intercepts a section of effective test data during calculation, performs correlation fitting on other component data and CO2 data, adopts a dynamic mode for data interception, takes the maximum correlation coefficient of fitting as a judgment basis, and introduces the fitting coefficient into the combustion equation to calculate the smoke mass value of each component of the ship tail gas smoke plume in the river channel.
7. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the detection auxiliary machine include host computer and with the host computer auxiliary measurement unit who is connected, the host computer still with the main control board connect, realize 8 functions of site management, the access of boats and ships tail gas real-time supervision information, boats and ships tail gas historical information analysis, boats and ships tail gas black smoke snapshot, suspect ship locking management, the management of violating regulations boats and ships information, management of boats and ships holographic map and remote monitoring user information management.
8. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the remote sensing main machine and the remote sensing auxiliary machine are arranged at the farthest installation distance of 500 meters.
9. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the size of a lens used by the galvanometer is 15mm, the coating range is 350 nm-12 um, and the diameter of a coupling light spot at a position of 500m is less than 5 cm.
10. The shore-based full-laser ship tail gas remote sensing detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: a mixed gas sample pool is arranged on a light path in front of the remote sensing host, the motor drives the mixed gas sample pool to cut in and out the light path, the motor switches the mixed gas sample pool into the light path every 8 hours to calibrate detection data, and meanwhile, the wavelength of each laser is corrected to compensate the influence of the change of the ambient temperature on the wavelength of the laser.
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