CN113968599B - Integrated solar interface evaporation device - Google Patents
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- CN113968599B CN113968599B CN202111160445.2A CN202111160445A CN113968599B CN 113968599 B CN113968599 B CN 113968599B CN 202111160445 A CN202111160445 A CN 202111160445A CN 113968599 B CN113968599 B CN 113968599B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
In order to overcome the defects of excessive heat loss to bulk water, excessive humidity of an evaporation interface, inhibition of steam overflow, lack of utilization of condensation latent heat and the like in the existing single-slope sea water desalination device, the invention provides an integrated solar interface evaporation device which is formed by sequentially connecting one or more integrated solar interface evaporation units, wherein the integrated solar interface evaporation unit comprises a cavity shell, an evaporator and a steam conduit, and the cavity shell comprises a shell body, a condensation surface and a baffle plate. The integrated solar interface evaporation device disclosed by the invention can effectively reduce heat loss to bulk water, utilize condensation latent heat to a greater extent, reduce humidity on the evaporation surface and promote steam overflow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar energy conversion and utilization, and particularly relates to an integrated solar energy interface evaporation device.
Background
With the increase of population and environmental pollution, fresh water resources are increasingly in shortage, and the data show that 24% of river basin fresh water consumption exceeds bearing capacity, and the search for new fresh water sources is urgent. The sea water has huge reserves, solar energy is sustainable, renewable, clean and pollution-free, and the solar energy is an ideal way for generating fresh water to desalt the sea water, so that the shortage of fresh water resources can be effectively relieved. A typical sea water desalting device is a single-slope solar evaporator, and although the typical single-slope solar evaporator has the advantages of simple structure, no need of complicated auxiliary systems, low cost and the like, the device is not applied to large-scale practice at present, and the main reason is that the yield of steam condensate water is lower and the daily yield is less than 3 L.m -2 The economical efficiency is poor. The reasons for inefficiency in a single slope evaporation device are: the evaporation interface has serious heat loss to bulk water, lacks utilization of latent heat of condensation and has overhigh humidity in the deviceSteam overflow, etc. The heat storage material is used, ultrasonic vibration is carried out on the condensation surface, air blast is carried out on the steam, the condensation surface is increased, and the like, so that the heat loss can be reduced to a certain extent, the condensation and overflow of the steam are accelerated, but complicated auxiliary equipment is increased, extra energy is consumed, the cost is greatly increased, and the economical efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of excessive heat loss to bulk water, excessive humidity of an evaporation interface, inhibition of steam overflow, lack of utilization of condensation latent heat and the like in the existing single-slope sea water desalination device, the invention provides an integrated solar interface evaporation device which can effectively reduce the heat loss to bulk water, utilize the condensation latent heat to a greater extent, reduce the humidity on the evaporation surface and promote steam overflow.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an integrated solar energy interface evaporation device is formed by sequentially connecting an integrated solar energy interface evaporation unit or formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of integrated solar energy interface evaporation units, wherein the integrated solar energy interface evaporation unit comprises a cavity shell 1, an evaporator 2 and a steam conduit 9, the cavity shell comprises a shell body 8, a condensation surface 7 and a baffle 10, the shell body is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, the material is acrylic, the wall thickness of the shell body is 3-4 mm, the bottom of the shell body is open, the end face of the bottom is square, and an included angle theta with the horizontal plane is formed by the square end face of the bottom of the shell body 1 The section formed by the shell is taken by a plane of 30-45 degrees to form an upper end face of the shell, the left side face 13 and the right side face 14 of the shell are trapezoid with equal size, the front face 15 of the shell is rectangular, m through holes 11, S=13.5-15.5 cm are respectively processed on the left side face and the right side face of the shell from the upper edge S of the front face of the shell, the through holes on the left side face and the through holes on the right side face are uniformly and symmetrically distributed, m steam conduit connecting holes 16, H=3.75-5.25 cm are uniformly processed on the front face of the shell from the upper edge H of the front face, the baffle is a rectangular acrylic plate with the thickness of 3-4 mm, the lower edge of the baffle is adhered to the inner wall of the front face of the shell in a flush manner with the steam conduit connecting holes, and the included angle theta between the baffle and the inner wall of the front face of the shell is achieved 2 =35° to 45 °; the condensing surface is made of high-permeability glass, and has the size and the shell bodyThe external dimensions of the upper end surfaces are the same, and the thickness of the condensation surface is 1-2 mm; the condensation surface is bonded with the upper end surface of the shell body;
the evaporator comprises a photo-thermal conversion material 3, a sponge carrier 4, a condenser tube 5 and cotton threads 6, wherein the photo-thermal conversion material is a carbon point prepared by selectively etching coal tar pitch with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide according to a method for preparing multi-color luminous adjustable carbon points by using coal tar pitch disclosed in patent ZL 201610534465.4; the sponge carrier is melamine with the average pore number of 35-55 PPI (pulse-width modulation) on the unit inch length, the sponge carrier is hexahedron with square cross section and thickness of 0.9-1.2 cm, and the cross section of the sponge carrier is slightly larger than the inner cross section of the cavity shell; the condensing tube is a hollow tube with a heat conductivity coefficient higher than 300W/(m.k), an outer diameter of 42-47 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5-1 mm, the length of the condensing tube is 1-1.5 cm longer than the side length of the cross section of the shell, the number m of the condensing tube is consistent with the number of through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell, and the condensing tube is determined by the hollow area R at the bottom of the shell, and 7-9 condensing tubes are adopted per square meter R; the cotton threads are cotton threads with the diameter of 25-27mm and the length of 1.0-1.3 m, the number of the cotton threads is determined by R, and 13-15 cotton threads are adopted for each square meter R;
the photothermal conversion material is attached to the upper surface of the sponge carrier, and the attachment method adopts five steps: the first step: 4-5 g of photothermal conversion material is dissolved in 40mL of ethanol solution with the concentration of 95% by ultrasound to prepare carbon dot solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.125 g/mL; and a second step of: soaking the sponge carrier in the carbon dot solution prepared in the first step, wherein the soaking thickness of the sponge carrier is 0.9-1.1 mm, and sucking the carbon dot solution into the sponge carrier; and a third step of: drying the sponge carrier with the carbon dot solution in an oven at 55-60 ℃ to remove ethanol; fourth step: mixing polyvinyl alcohol with the concentration of 55-65 g/L and glutaraldehyde solution with the molar concentration of 100-118.2 mmol/L to form a mixed solution, uniformly brushing the mixed solution on the surface of a sponge carrier attached with the carbon dot solution, and uniformly spraying hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 1.2-1.4 mol/L on the surface for 1-2 times by using a spray can; fifth step: the sponge carrier treated by the five steps is put into an oven with the temperature of 55-60 ℃ for drying, and finally the attachment of the photo-thermal conversion material on the sponge carrier is realized;
two ends of m air condensing pipes are respectively arranged in m through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body, and the two ends of the air condensing pipes are respectively adhered on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body by waterproof glue in the radial direction; each cotton thread is wound on the condenser pipe in a single-layer and gapless way, the cotton threads are not contacted, the winding direction of the cotton threads is opposite to the flowing direction of steam, one end of the cotton thread is vertically downward, and the other end of the cotton thread extends into the sponge carrier; the periphery of the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material is compressed and horizontally arranged on a gas condensation pipe in a cavity shell, the gas condensation pipe is slightly pressed hard, the sponge carrier is slightly compressed and fixed in the shell, and the distance L=6-7.5 cm between the upper surface of the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material and the upper edge of the front of the shell;
the steam conduit is an S-shaped PVC pipe, the outer diameter, the wall thickness and the number of the steam conduit are the same as those of the condenser pipe, one end of the steam conduit is adhered to the steam conduit connecting hole and sealed by waterproof glue, and the other end of the steam conduit is flush with the through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell;
when the integrated solar interface evaporation device is formed by combining a plurality of integrated solar interface evaporation units, the plurality of integrated solar interface evaporation units are sequentially connected through steam pipes, and the steam pipe of one integrated solar interface evaporation unit is connected into a through hole on the left side surface or the right side surface of the shell body of the other integrated solar interface evaporation unit and is sealed outside by waterproof glue; the integrated solar interface evaporation device is placed in the seawater 12 or the sewage, and one end of the cotton thread vertically downward is immersed in the seawater or the sewage, and meanwhile, the condenser pipe wound with the cotton thread is positioned at the upper part of the seawater and is not contacted with the seawater or the sewage.
The integrated solar interface evaporation device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that: the device can reduce heat dissipation to bulk water, utilize condensation latent heat, improve heat utilization efficiency, reduce evaporation interface humidity, promote steam overflow, greatly improve device desalination sea water rate, improve fresh water yield by more than 2.3 times of that of a traditional single-slope solar device, and meanwhile, the device has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, good circulation stability, cleanness, no pollution and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an integrated solar interface evaporation unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the evaporator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the evaporator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a chamber housing of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit of the present invention operating in seawater;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a method for attaching the photothermal conversion material of the present invention to the upper surface of the sponge carrier;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of connection of 4 integrated solar interface evaporation units in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the performance of a prior art single slope device and an integrated solar interface evaporation device according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a test result of the cycle stability of an integrated solar interface evaporation device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-cavity shell, 2-evaporator, 3-light-heat conversion material, 4-sponge carrier, 5-condenser tube, 6-cotton thread, 7-condensation face, 8-shell, 9-steam conduit, 10-baffle, 11-through hole, 12-sea water, 13-left side face, 14-right side face, 15-front face, 16-steam conduit connecting hole.
Detailed Description
The following describes the detailed technical scheme of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
an integrated solar energy interface evaporation device is formed by sequentially connecting an integrated solar energy interface evaporation unit or formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of integrated solar energy interface evaporation units, wherein the integrated solar energy interface evaporation unit comprises a cavity shell 1, an evaporator 2 and a steam conduit 9, the cavity shell comprises a shell body 8, a condensation surface 7 and a baffle 10, the shell body is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, the material is acrylic, the wall thickness of the shell body is 3-4 mm, the bottom of the shell body is open, the end face of the bottom is square, and an included angle theta with the horizontal plane is formed by the square end face of the bottom of the shell body 1 Plane cutting shell body forming of 30-45 degreesThe section of the shell is the upper end face of the shell, the left side face 13 and the right side face 14 of the shell are trapezoids with equal size, the front face 15 of the shell is rectangular, m through holes 11, S=13.5-15.5 cm are respectively processed on the left side face and the right side face of the shell from the upper edge S of the front face of the shell, the through holes on the left side face and the through holes on the right side face are uniformly and symmetrically distributed, m steam conduit connecting holes 16, H=3.75-5.25 cm are uniformly processed on the front face of the shell from the upper edge H of the front face, the baffle is a rectangular acrylic plate with the thickness of 3-4 mm, the lower edge of the baffle is adhered to the inner wall in front of the shell in a flush manner with the steam conduit connecting holes, and the included angle theta between the baffle and the inner wall in front of the shell is achieved 2 =35° to 45 °; the condensing surface is made of high-permeability glass, the size of the condensing surface is the same as the external size of the upper end face of the shell, and the thickness of the condensing surface is 1-2 mm; the condensation surface is adhered with the upper end surface of the shell.
The evaporator comprises a photo-thermal conversion material 3, a sponge carrier 4, a condenser tube 5 and cotton threads 6, wherein the photo-thermal conversion material is a carbon point prepared by selectively etching coal tar pitch with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide according to a method for preparing multi-color luminous adjustable carbon points by using coal tar pitch disclosed in patent ZL 201610534465.4; the sponge carrier is melamine with the average pore number of 35-55 PPI (pulse-width modulation) on the unit inch length, the sponge carrier is hexahedron with square cross section and thickness of 0.9-1.2 cm, and the cross section of the sponge carrier is slightly larger than the inner cross section of the cavity shell; the air condensing pipe is a hollow pipe with a heat conductivity coefficient higher than 300W/(m.k), an outer diameter of 42-47 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5-1 mm, the length of the air condensing pipe is slightly longer than the side length of the cross section of the shell body by 1-1.5 cm, the number m of the air condensing pipes is consistent with the number of through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body, and is determined by the hollow area R at the bottom of the shell body, and 7-9 air condensing pipes are adopted per square meter R; the cotton threads are cotton threads with the diameter of 25-27mm and the length of 1.0-1.3 m, the number of the cotton threads is determined by R, and 13-15 cotton threads are adopted for each square meter R.
The photothermal conversion material is attached to the upper surface of the sponge carrier, and the attachment method adopts five steps: the first step: 4-5 g of photothermal conversion material is dissolved in 40mL of ethanol solution with the concentration of 95% by ultrasound to prepare carbon dot solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.125 g/mL; and a second step of: soaking the sponge carrier in the carbon dot solution prepared in the first step, wherein the soaking thickness of the sponge carrier is 0.9-1.1 mm, and sucking the carbon dot solution into the sponge carrier; and a third step of: drying the sponge carrier with the carbon dot solution in an oven at 55-60 ℃ to remove ethanol; fourth step: mixing polyvinyl alcohol with the concentration of 55-65 g/L and glutaraldehyde solution with the molar concentration of 100-118.2 mmol/L to form a mixed solution, uniformly brushing the mixed solution on the surface of a sponge carrier attached with the carbon dot solution, and uniformly spraying hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 1.2-1.4 mol/L on the surface for 1-2 times by using a spray can; fifth step: and (3) drying the sponge carrier treated by the five steps in an oven at 55-60 ℃ to finally realize the attachment of the photothermal conversion material on the sponge carrier.
Two ends of m air condensing pipes are respectively arranged in m through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body, and the two ends of the air condensing pipes are respectively adhered on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body by waterproof glue in the radial direction; each cotton thread is wound on the condenser pipe in a single-layer and gapless way, the cotton threads are not contacted, the winding direction of the cotton threads is opposite to the flowing direction of steam, one end of the cotton thread is vertically downward, and the other end of the cotton thread extends into the sponge carrier; the periphery of the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material is compressed and horizontally arranged on a gas condensation pipe in a cavity shell, the gas condensation pipe is slightly pressed hard, the sponge carrier is slightly compressed and fixed in the shell, and the distance L=6-7.5 cm between the upper surface of the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material and the upper edge of the front of the shell;
the steam conduit is an S-shaped PVC pipe, the outer diameter, the wall thickness and the number of the steam conduit are the same as those of the condenser pipe, one end of the steam conduit is adhered to the steam conduit connecting hole and sealed by waterproof glue, and the other end of the steam conduit is flush with the through holes on the left side face and the right side face of the shell.
When the integrated solar interface evaporation device is formed by combining a plurality of integrated solar interface evaporation units, the plurality of integrated solar interface evaporation units are sequentially connected through steam pipes, and the steam pipe of one integrated solar interface evaporation unit is connected into a through hole on the left side surface or the right side surface of the shell body of the other integrated solar interface evaporation unit and is sealed outside by waterproof glue; the integrated solar interface evaporation device is placed in the seawater 12 or the sewage, and one end of the cotton thread vertically downward is immersed in the seawater or the sewage, and meanwhile, the condenser pipe wound with the cotton thread is positioned at the upper part of the seawater or the sewage and is not contacted with the seawater or the sewage.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 7, an integrated solar interface evaporation device is formed by sequentially connecting 4 integrated solar interface evaporation units D1, D2, D3 and D4. As shown in fig. 1-5, the integrated solar interface evaporation unit comprises a cavity housing 1, an evaporator 2 and a steam conduit 9. As shown in fig. 4-5, the housing of the cavity comprises a housing body 8, a condensation surface 7 and a baffle 10, wherein the housing body is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, the material is acrylic, the wall thickness of the housing body is 4mm, the bottom of the housing body is open, the end face of the bottom is square, and an included angle theta is formed between the bottom end face and the horizontal plane 1 The section formed by the shell is taken by a plane of 45 DEG, the upper end face of the shell is taken, the left side face 13 and the right side face 14 of the shell are trapezoid with equal size, the front face 15 of the shell is rectangular, m through holes 11, S=15 cm are respectively processed on the left side face and the right side face of the shell from the upper edge S of the front face of the shell, the through holes on the left side face and the through holes on the right side face are uniformly and symmetrically distributed, m steam conduit connecting holes 16, H=5.25 cm are uniformly processed on the front face of the shell from the upper edge H of the front face, the baffle is a rectangular acrylic plate with the thickness of 4mm, the lower edge of the baffle is bonded on the inner wall of the front face of the shell in a flush manner with the steam conduit connecting holes, and the included angle theta between the baffle and the inner wall of the front face of the shell is achieved 2 =45°; the condensing surface is made of high-permeability glass, the size of the condensing surface is the same as the external size of the upper end face of the shell, and the thickness of the condensing surface is 2mm; the condensation surface is bonded with the upper end surface of the shell body;
as shown in fig. 2-3, the evaporator comprises a photo-thermal conversion material 3, a sponge carrier 4, a condenser tube 5 and cotton threads 6, wherein the photo-thermal conversion material is a carbon point prepared by selectively etching coal tar pitch with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide according to a method for preparing multi-color luminous adjustable carbon points by using coal tar pitch disclosed in patent ZL 201610534465.4; the sponge carrier is melamine with an average pore number of 55PPI (pulse-width modulation) on unit inch length, the sponge carrier is hexahedron with a square cross section and a thickness of 1cm, and the cross section of the sponge carrier is slightly larger than the inner cross section of the cavity shell; the condensing tube is a hollow tube with a heat conductivity coefficient higher than 300W/(m.k), an outer diameter of 45mm and a wall thickness of 1mm, the length of the condensing tube is 1cm longer than the side of the cross section of the shell body, 4 condensing tubes are adopted, and the number of through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body is 4; the cotton thread is a cotton thread rope with the diameter of 26mm and the length of 1.0m, and 7 cotton threads are adopted.
As shown in fig. 6, the photothermal conversion material is attached to the upper surface of the sponge carrier by five steps: the first step: 5g of photothermal conversion material is dissolved in 40mL of ethanol solution with the concentration of 95% by ultrasound to prepare carbon dot solution with the concentration of 0.125 g/mL; and a second step of: soaking the sponge carrier in the carbon dot solution prepared in the first step, wherein the soaking thickness of the sponge carrier is 1mm, and sucking the carbon dot solution into the sponge carrier; and a third step of: drying the sponge carrier with the carbon dot solution in an oven at 60 ℃ to remove ethanol; fourth step: mixing 65g/L polyvinyl alcohol and 118mmol/L glutaraldehyde solution to form a mixed solution, uniformly brushing the mixed solution on the surface of the sponge carrier attached with the carbon dot solution, and uniformly spraying 1.3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 1-2 times by using a spray can; fifth step: the sponge carrier treated by the five steps is put into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying, and finally, the attachment of the photo-thermal conversion material on the sponge carrier is realized; two ends of the condenser tube are respectively arranged in m through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body, and the end surfaces of the condenser tube are level with the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body; the cotton threads are tightly wound on the condenser pipe in a single layer, the cotton threads are not contacted, the winding direction of the cotton threads is opposite to the flowing direction of steam, one end of each cotton thread is vertically downward, and the other end of each cotton thread extends into the sponge carrier; the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material is compressed around and horizontally placed on the air condensing tube in the cavity shell, the air condensing tube is slightly pressed hard, the sponge carrier is slightly compressed and fixed in the shell, and the distance L=7.5 cm between the upper surface of the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material and the upper edge of the front of the shell.
As shown in fig. 5, the steam conduit is an S-shaped PVC pipe, the outer diameter, the wall thickness and the number of the steam conduit are the same as those of the condenser pipe, one end of the steam conduit is adhered to the steam conduit connecting hole and sealed by waterproof glue, and the other end of the steam conduit is flush with the through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body.
As shown in fig. 7, the 4 integrated solar interface evaporation units are sequentially connected through steam pipes, the steam pipe of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D1 is connected into the through hole on the left side surface of the shell of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D4 and sealed by waterproof glue, the steam pipe of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D4 is connected into the through hole on the left side surface of the shell of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D3 and sealed by waterproof glue, the steam pipe of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D3 is connected into the through hole on the left side surface of the shell of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D2 and sealed by waterproof glue, and the steam pipe of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D2 is connected into the through hole on the left side surface of the shell of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D1 and sealed by waterproof glue; the integrated solar interface evaporation device is placed in the seawater 12, and one end of the cotton thread vertically downward is immersed in the seawater, and at the same time, the condenser tube wound with the cotton thread is positioned above the seawater without contacting the seawater.
The cotton thread of the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D2 absorbs water through capillary action, water in the cotton thread is transported to the junction of the sponge carrier and the photo-thermal conversion material after being heated by the condensation latent heat of the condenser pipe, the photo-thermal conversion material absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into heat energy to heat the sponge carrier below the photo-thermal conversion material, water vapor is generated, the water vapor flows through the condenser pipe to be condensed into condensation water under the action of air pressure, and the condensation latent heat is released to heat the water supply of the cotton thread in the integrated solar interface evaporation unit D1 connected with the condensation latent heat, and a four-level circulation is formed with D3 and D4 in sequence. Therefore, water at the evaporation interface can be preheated in advance, so that the evaporation interface reaches higher temperature, steam generation is accelerated, and besides, the humidity of the evaporation interface can be reduced, and steam overflow is promoted.
Comparing the performance of the integrated solar interface evaporation device with that of the traditional single slope device, as shown in fig. 8, the fresh water yield of the integrated solar interface evaporation device is more than 2.3 times that of the traditional device. Fig. 9 is a cycle performance chart of the integrated solar interface evaporation device, and fig. 9 shows that the integrated solar interface evaporation device has stable performance when being used in a cycle.
Claims (1)
1. An integrated solar interface evaporation device which is characterized in that: the solar energy interface evaporation unit comprises a cavity shell (1), an evaporator (2) and a steam conduit (9), wherein the cavity shell comprises a shell body (8), a condensation surface (7) and a baffle (10), the shell body is a hollow regular quadrangular prism which is made of acrylic, the wall thickness of the shell body is 3-4 mm, the bottom of the shell body is open, the end face of the bottom is square, and an included angle with a horizontal plane is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of integrated solar energy interface evaporation unitsθ 1 The section formed by the shell is taken by a plane of 30-45 degrees to be the upper end face of the shell, the left side face (13) and the right side face (14) of the shell are trapezoids with equal size, the front face (15) of the shell is rectangular, m through holes (11) are respectively processed on the left side face and the right side face of the shell from the upper edge S of the front face of the shell, S=13.5-15.5 cm, the through holes on the left side face and the through holes on the right side face are uniformly and symmetrically distributed, m steam conduit connecting holes (16) are uniformly processed on the front face of the shell from the upper edge H of the front face, and H=3.75-5.25 cm; the baffle is a rectangular acrylic plate with the thickness of 3-4 mm, the lower edge of the baffle is adhered to the inner wall in front of the shell body in a flush way with the steam conduit connecting hole, and the included angle between the baffle and the inner wall in front of the shell body is formedθ 2 =35° to 45 °; the condensing surface is made of high-permeability glass, the size of the condensing surface is the same as the external size of the upper end face of the shell, and the thickness of the condensing surface is 1-2 mm; the condensation surface is bonded with the upper end surface of the shell body;
the evaporator comprises a photo-thermal conversion material (3), a sponge carrier (4), a condenser tube (5) and cotton threads (6), wherein the photo-thermal conversion material is a carbon point prepared by selectively etching coal tar pitch with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide according to a method for preparing multi-color luminous adjustable carbon points by using coal tar pitch disclosed in patent ZL 201610534465.4; the sponge carrier is melamine with the average pore number of 35-55 PPI (pulse-phase) on the unit inch length, the sponge carrier is hexahedron with square cross section and thickness of 0.9-1.2 cm, and the cross section of the sponge carrier is slightly larger than the inner cross section of the cavity shell; the condensing tube is a hollow tube with a heat conductivity coefficient higher than 300W/(m.k), an outer diameter of 42-47 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5-1 mm, the length of the condensing tube is 1-1.5 cm longer than the side length of the cross section of the shell, the number m of the condensing tube is consistent with the number of through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell, and is determined by the hollow area R at the bottom of the shell, and 7-9 condensing tubes are adopted per square meter R; the cotton threads are cotton threads with the diameter of 25-27mm and the length of 1.0-1.3 m, the number of the cotton threads is determined by R, and 13-15 cotton threads are adopted for each square meter R;
the photothermal conversion material is attached to the upper surface of the sponge carrier, and the attachment method adopts five steps: the first step: 4-5 g of photothermal conversion material is dissolved in an ethanol solution with the concentration of 95% of 40mL by ultrasonic to prepare a carbon dot solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.125 g/mL; and a second step of: soaking the sponge carrier in the carbon dot solution prepared in the first step, wherein the soaking thickness of the sponge carrier is 0.9-1.1 mm, and sucking the carbon dot solution into the sponge carrier; and a third step of: drying the sponge carrier with the carbon dot solution in an oven at 55-60 ℃ to remove ethanol; fourth step: mixing polyvinyl alcohol with the concentration of 55-65 g/L and glutaraldehyde solution with the molar concentration of 100-118.2 mmol/L to form a mixed solution, uniformly brushing the mixed solution on the surface of a sponge carrier attached with the carbon dot solution, and uniformly spraying hydrochloric acid solution with the molar concentration of 1.2-1.4 mol/L on the surface of the sponge carrier for 1-2 times by using a spray can; fifth step: the sponge carrier treated by the four steps is put into an oven at 55-60 ℃ for drying, and finally, the attachment of the photo-thermal conversion material on the sponge carrier is realized;
two ends of m air condensing pipes are respectively arranged in m through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body, and the two ends of the air condensing pipes are respectively adhered on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell body by waterproof glue in the radial direction; each cotton thread is wound on the condenser pipe in a single-layer and gapless way, the cotton threads are not contacted, the winding direction of the cotton threads is opposite to the flowing direction of steam, one end of the cotton thread is vertically downward, and the other end of the cotton thread extends into the sponge carrier; the periphery of the sponge carrier attached with the photo-thermal conversion material is compressed and horizontally arranged on a gas condensation pipe in a cavity shell, the gas condensation pipe is slightly pressed hard, the sponge carrier is slightly compressed and fixed in the shell, and the distance L=6-7.5 cm between the upper surface attached with the photo-thermal conversion material and the upper edge of the front of the shell;
the steam conduit is an S-shaped PVC pipe, the outer diameter, the wall thickness and the number of the steam conduit are the same as those of the condenser pipe, one end of the steam conduit is adhered to the steam conduit connecting hole and sealed by waterproof glue, and the other end of the steam conduit is flush with the through holes on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell;
when the integrated solar interface evaporation device is formed by combining a plurality of integrated solar interface evaporation units, the plurality of integrated solar interface evaporation units are sequentially connected through steam pipes, and the steam pipe of one integrated solar interface evaporation unit is connected into a through hole on the left side surface or the right side surface of the shell body of the other integrated solar interface evaporation unit and is sealed outside by waterproof glue; the integrated solar interface evaporation device is arranged in the seawater (12) or the sewage, one end of the cotton thread vertically downward is immersed in the seawater or the sewage, and meanwhile, the condenser pipe wound with the cotton thread is positioned at the upper part of the seawater and is not contacted with the seawater or the sewage.
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| KR20130141842A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-27 | 한국기계연구원 | Multi effect distiller with hydrophilic panel using solar thermal energy |
| CN113247981A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-13 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Detachable double-stage solar distiller |
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| JP2002001001A (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-01-08 | Top Ecology:Kk | Method and apparatus for multiple wick-type distillation |
| KR101425415B1 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-07-31 | 한국기계연구원 | Ambient pressure type Multi Effect Distiller using Solar Thermal Energy and Multiple Heat Source |
| CN109292874B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-08-04 | 华中科技大学 | Solar still for collecting condensed water based on capillary action |
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| KR20130141842A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-27 | 한국기계연구원 | Multi effect distiller with hydrophilic panel using solar thermal energy |
| CN113247981A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-13 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Detachable double-stage solar distiller |
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