CN216808196U

CN216808196U - Seawater desalination device based on solar energy

Info

Publication number: CN216808196U
Application number: CN202123187830.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡晓珍; 杨木甜; 陆建刚
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-12-17
Filing date: 2021-12-17
Publication date: 2022-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-17

Abstract

The utility model discloses a seawater desalination device based on solar energy in the field of seawater desalination, which comprises a collecting container, a connecting pipe and a distilled water collector, wherein the collecting container is used for floating on the sea surface; the collecting container is arranged in a closed manner; the bottom of the collecting container is provided with a through hole and an evaporation film; the evaporation film is covered on the through hole; the evaporation film comprises a hydrophobic layer and a hydrophilic layer which are arranged from top to bottom; one end of the connecting pipe is communicated to the bottom of the collecting container; the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with the distilled water collector; utilize solar energy to evaporate the sea water through the evaporation film, collect the distilled water through the distilled water collector, this device utilizes the solar desalination sea water, has green, easily operation and maintenance and characteristics with low costs, and this device can the scale be used simultaneously, realizes the high-efficient production of fresh water.

Description

Seawater desalination device based on solar energy

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a safety helmet head hoop accessory.

Background

Due to the increasing global demand for fresh water, shortage of fresh water resources has become a serious global challenge, especially in developing countries and remote rural areas. Seawater desalination technology is considered as one of the effective strategies to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. However, the traditional seawater desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis not only consume a large amount of fossil energy, but also require large-scale process equipment with high cost and complexity. This is an insurmountable obstacle for developing countries and remote rural areas. Inspired by natural hydrologic cycle, solar seawater desalination, which combines the two most abundant natural resources (i.e. solar energy and seawater) on the earth, is an economic, green and sustainable technology.

Solar-driven evaporation can be divided into three types, depending on the location of the photothermal material in the water: conventional bottom heating evaporation, nanoparticle suspension evaporation and solar interface evaporation. The heat energy generated by the traditional bottom heating evaporation is used for heating the whole water instead of directly generating steam, so that a large amount of heat loss is inevitably generated, and the evaporation efficiency is low (30-45%). The nano-particle suspension evaporation usually adopts plasma metal, carbon-based nano-particles and the like to generate steam, the evaporation efficiency (70%) is effectively improved by reducing the thermal resistance of a system and increasing light absorption, but the generated heat is inevitably dissipated to a non-evaporation part through heat radiation, heat convection and heat conduction, and meanwhile, the high cost and the difficult recovery of the nano-particles easily cause secondary pollution and the like, so that the practical application of the nano-particle suspension evaporation is limited.

The solar interface evaporation technology proposed in 2014 absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into heat energy through a photo-thermal material floating on a gas-liquid interface, so that the heat energy is limited at a water evaporation interface, the heat loss is greatly reduced, and higher evaporation efficiency (80%) is realized. The photothermal material plays a key role in an interface type solar seawater desalination system, determines the capabilities of light absorption and photothermal conversion, is the key for converting solar energy into heat energy, and is the basis for ensuring that steam is generated efficiently. Researches show that photo-thermal materials such as carbon-based materials, metal nano-ions, semiconductor materials, polymer-based materials and biomass materials can be used for realizing efficient solar interface evaporation seawater desalination. However, in practical applications, as the seawater is evaporated, the salt ions are concentrated in the photothermal material to form salt deposits. Salt deposition on the surface of the photothermal material reduces the radiation absorption efficiency and hinders the transport of water, which inevitably reduces the photothermal conversion efficiency and the evaporation rate.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a seawater desalination device based on solar energy, which ensures the efficient generation of fresh water, solves the problem of blockage caused by the separation of seawater salt on the surface of a photo-thermal material, and achieves the effect of continuously and efficiently generating steam.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

a seawater desalination device based on solar energy comprises a collecting container floating on the sea surface, a connecting pipe and a distilled water collector; the collecting container is arranged in a closed manner; the bottom of the collecting container is provided with a through hole and an evaporation film; the evaporation film is covered on the through hole; the evaporation film comprises a hydrophobic layer and a hydrophilic layer which are arranged from top to bottom; one end of the connecting pipe is communicated to the bottom of the collecting container; the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with the distilled water collector.

Preferably, the hydrophobic layer of the evaporation membrane is made of graphene oxide-sodium alginate-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane; the hydrophilic layer material of the evaporation membrane is graphene oxide-sodium alginate.

Preferably, the shape of the collection container is conical or pyramidal.

Preferably, the distilled water collector is lower than the collecting container.

Preferably, the through holes include a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes; the aperture of the first through hole is larger than that of the second through hole; the first through hole is arranged in the center of the collecting container; the second through holes are distributed around the first through holes.

Preferably, the bottom of the collecting container is provided with collecting troughs along the side wall in a surrounding manner; one end of the connecting pipe is communicated to the collecting tank of the collecting container.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

the evaporation film comprises a hydrophobic layer and a hydrophilic layer which are arranged from top to bottom; through the structure of the upper hydrophobic layer and the lower hydrophilic layer, the crystallization of the upper surface of the evaporation film can be prevented, so that the blockage of a steam channel is effectively prevented, and the stability of seawater desalination circulation is improved.

The collecting container is arranged in a closed manner; the bottom of the collecting container is provided with a through hole and an evaporation film; the evaporation film is covered on the through hole; one end of the connecting pipe is communicated to the bottom of the collecting container; the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with the distilled water collector; utilize solar energy to evaporate the sea water through the evaporation film, collect the distilled water through the distilled water collector, this device utilizes solar desalination sea water, has green, easily operation and maintenance and characteristics with low costs, and this device can the scale be used simultaneously, realizes the high-efficient production of fresh water.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a seawater desalination apparatus based on solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a bottom view of a collection container provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: the device comprises a collecting container 1, a collecting tank 11, a second through hole 12, a first through hole 13, an evaporation film 2, a hydrophobic layer 21, a hydrophilic layer 22, a connecting pipe 3 and a distilled water collector 4.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. As used in the description of the present invention, the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "up," "down" and "in" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.

As shown in fig. 1-2, a solar-based seawater desalination plant comprises a collecting vessel 1 for floating on the sea surface, a connecting pipe 3 and a distilled water collector 4; the collecting container 1 is arranged in a closed manner; the shape of the collecting container 1 is conical or pyramid; the collecting container 1 is made of polyethylene, has good light transmittance and can reduce radiation loss; the density is low, and the whole device can naturally float on the sea surface; the bottom of the collecting container 1 is provided with a through hole and an evaporation film 2; the through holes include a first through hole 13 and a plurality of second through holes 12; the aperture of the first through hole 13 is larger than that of the second through hole 12; the first through hole 13 is arranged in the center of the collecting container; the second through holes 12 are distributed around the first through holes 13, so that the seawater is better combined with the evaporation membrane 2.

The evaporation film 2 covers the first through hole 13 and the second through hole 12; the evaporation membrane 2 includes a hydrophobic layer 21 and a hydrophilic layer 22 arranged from top to bottom; the hydrophobic layer 21 of the evaporation membrane 2 is made of graphene oxide-sodium alginate-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane; the hydrophilic layer 22 of the evaporation film is made of graphene oxide-sodium alginate; the preparation process of the graphene oxide-sodium alginate comprises the following steps: stirring Graphene Oxide (GO) and Sodium Alginate (SA) in water for 1h to obtain a graphene oxide-sodium alginate precursor, and freezing and drying the precursor by liquid nitrogen to obtain hydrophilic GO-SA aerogel; the graphene oxide can absorb light in a wide spectrum range, has high photothermal conversion performance, and also has the characteristics of low density, low thermal conductivity, porosity and the like. The sodium alginate is used for increasing the hydrophilicity and the mechanical stability of the graphene oxide.

The preparation process of the graphene oxide-sodium alginate-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane comprises the following steps: carrying out a reaction on GO-SA aerogel and a functional group of 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane (PFOTS), so as to be beneficial to the PFOTS to carry out hydrophobic surface modification on an evaporation film, and obtaining graphene oxide-sodium alginate-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane; through the structure of the upper hydrophobic layer 21 and the lower hydrophilic layer 22, crystallization on the upper surface of the evaporation film 2 can be prevented, so that blockage of a steam channel is effectively prevented, and the stability of seawater desalination circulation is improved.

A collecting tank 11 is arranged at the bottom of the collecting container 1 along the side wall in a surrounding manner; one end of the connecting pipe 3 is communicated to a collecting tank 11 of the collecting container; the other end of the connecting pipe 3 is connected with the distilled water collector 4; the distilled water collector 4 is lower than the collection container 1.

The working principle is as follows: sunlight irradiates the collecting container 1, and seawater is evaporated by solar energy through the evaporation film 2; the side wall of the collecting container 1 is cooled by outside air, steam touches the side wall of the collecting container and is condensed into water drops, the water drops flow into the collecting groove 11 along the side wall of the collecting container, and fresh water in the collecting groove 11 is conveyed to the distilled water collector 4 through the connecting pipe 3 to be stored.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seawater desalination plant based on solar energy, characterized by comprising a collecting vessel (1) for floating on the sea surface, a connecting pipe (3) and a distilled water collector (4); the collecting container (1) is arranged in a sealed manner; the bottom of the collecting container (1) is provided with a through hole and an evaporation film (2); the evaporation film (2) covers the through hole; the evaporation film (2) comprises a hydrophobic layer (21) and a hydrophilic layer (22) which are arranged from top to bottom; one end of the connecting pipe (3) is communicated to the bottom of the collecting container (1); the other end of the connecting pipe (3) is connected with the distilled water collector (4).

2. The solar-based seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic layer (21) of the evaporation membrane is made of graphene oxide-sodium alginate-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane; the hydrophilic layer (22) of the evaporation film is made of graphene oxide-sodium alginate.

3. A solar-based seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the collection vessel is conical or pyramidal in shape.

4. A solar-based seawater desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the distilled water collector (4) is lower than the collection vessel (1).

5. A solar based seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the through-going openings comprise a first through-going opening (13) and a plurality of second through-going openings (12); the aperture of the first through hole (13) is larger than that of the second through hole (12); the first through hole (13) is arranged in the center of the collecting container; the second through holes (12) are distributed around the first through holes.

6. A solar-based seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the collection vessel (1) is provided with collection troughs (11) around the side walls; one end of the connecting pipe (3) is communicated to a collecting tank (11) of the collecting container.