CN113966356B - 增韧的双组分环氧组合物 - Google Patents
增韧的双组分环氧组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113966356B CN113966356B CN202080036274.XA CN202080036274A CN113966356B CN 113966356 B CN113966356 B CN 113966356B CN 202080036274 A CN202080036274 A CN 202080036274A CN 113966356 B CN113966356 B CN 113966356B
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- YQKGJRGUAQVYNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,2-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)(Cl)CCl)OC(C)(Cl)CCl YQKGJRGUAQVYNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-propan-2-ylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGLSETWPYVUTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-isocyanatophenoxy)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1OP(=S)(OC=1C=CC(=CC=1)N=C=O)OC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 KGLSETWPYVUTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHYQWBKCXBXPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate Chemical class BrCC(CBr)(CBr)COP(=O)(OCC(CBr)(CBr)CBr)OCC(CBr)(CBr)CBr BHYQWBKCXBXPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及双组分环氧树脂组合物,其由以下组成:‑第一组分K1,其包含平均每分子含有多于1个环氧基团的至少一种环氧树脂A;和‑第二组分K2,其包含用于环氧树脂的固化剂B;其中所述双组分环氧树脂组合物在组分K和K2的任一者或两者中含有2‑35wt%,优选3‑25wt%,特别是5‑15wt%的至少一种抗冲改性剂I,基于组合物的总重量;其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I是至少一种聚合物二醇、至少一种多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的反应产物。所述双组分环氧树脂组合物展现出优异的韧性和冲击剥离强度,并且非常适合作为结构粘合剂或用于复合材料粘合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及双组分环氧树脂组合物领域,特别适用于粘合剂。
现有技术
环氧基粘合剂在工业粘合中发挥着重要作用,例如结构元件的组装或复合材料的粘合。基于环氧的粘合剂通常价格低廉,在许多基材(如金属和纤维材料)上具有非常有利的粘合性能,并展现出高内聚力和粘合强度。这种基于环氧的粘合剂通常以双组分的方式配制,由此在第一组分中含有环氧树脂,并且在第二组分中含有用于所述环氧树脂的固化剂,通常为胺类。通过在单独的包装中分开这些反应性物质,获得高度储存稳定的组合物,当在施加环氧基粘合剂之前将两种组分混合在一起时,该组合物快速固化。此外,该方法允许高反应性、快速固化体系,该体系在室温下可固化并且由于储存稳定性限制而不能以单组分的方法而具有这些特性来配制。尤其是在工业应用中,快速固化速率和快速强度积累通常是任何给定应用的先决条件。
以其最基本的形式的环氧树脂组合物,即由环氧树脂和固化剂组成,通常具有高的机械强度但非常脆,这意味着当已固化的环氧树脂受到冲击力时,例如一个由碰撞或强烈振动引起的冲击力,其断裂并且因此粘合被破坏。
为了解决这个问题,基于环氧的粘合剂通常含有抗冲改性剂,也称为冲击强度改性剂或增韧剂。
抗冲改性剂在改进粘合剂承受冲击力的强度方面有着悠久的使用历史。
例如,液体橡胶作为增韧剂的使用历史相对较长。所用液体橡胶的实例是基于丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物的那些,实例可在商品名下获得。
EP B 0 338 985描述了耐冲击的环氧树脂组合物,其不仅包含基于丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物的液体橡胶,而且包含基于聚氨酯预聚物的液体橡胶,其中这些橡胶具有被苯酚或内酰胺的封端。
WO A 2005/007766公开了耐冲击的环氧树脂组合物,其包含由异氰酸酯基团封端的预聚物与选自双酚、苯酚、苯甲醇、氨基苯酚或苄胺的封端剂的反应产物。
WO A 03/093387公开了耐冲击的环氧树脂组合物,其包含二羧酸与缩水甘油醚、或者双(氨基苯基)砜异构体或芳族醇与缩水甘油醚的加合物。
EP 1 972 646 A1公开了包含环氧基封端的聚氨酯聚合物的耐冲击的环氧树脂组合物,其中首先由二-/三-异氰酸酯、聚合物多元醇和烷氧基化双酚制备预聚物,然后将其与含有伯羟基或仲羟基的环氧化合物反应。
WO A 2004/055092和WO A 2005/007720公开了具有改进的抗冲击性的环氧树脂组合物,其包含由异氰酸酯基封端的聚氨酯预聚物与低分子量单羟基环氧化物的反应产物。与包含酚端基聚氨酯预聚物的那些相比,这些环氧树脂组合物具有改进的低温抗冲击性,但仍不理想。
上述这些抗冲改性剂都是高粘度物质,并且这对某些配方的生产是不利的。具体而言,当用于改进固体环氧树脂体系的韧性时,添加高粘度液体是可行的,但成本增加,其主要通过涉及挤出机配方的方法实现。
因此,需要一种易于制备的抗冲改性剂,当以有效量使用时,该抗冲改性剂不会显著增加环氧粘合剂的粘度,但仍赋予比大多数已知冲击强度改性的环氧体系优越的韧性。此外,期望拥有具有上述改进的冲击强度和韧性但可以在室温下固化的这种双组分环氧组合物。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供双组分环氧树脂组合物,其具有优异的冲击剥离强度和韧性,但同时表现出低粘度,并通过使用廉价、易得的用于其中包含的抗冲改性剂的原材料来实现这些。
令人惊讶的是,通过使用基于聚合物二醇、多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的新型抗冲改性剂,可以获得适合作为高强度粘合剂的高韧性、低粘度的双组分环氧组合物。根据本发明的抗冲改性剂如此有效地增加冲击剥离强度,以至于已经非常低的量足以显著增韧并且组合物的粘度增加非常温和。
在第一方面,本发明涉及双组分环氧树脂组合物,其由以下组成:
-第一组分K1,其包含平均每分子含有多于1个环氧基团的至少一种环氧树脂A;和
-第二组分K2,其包含用于环氧树脂的固化剂B;
其中所述双组分环氧树脂组合物在组分K1和K2的任一者或两者中含有2-35wt%,优选3-25wt%,特别是5-15wt%的至少一种抗冲改性剂I,基于组合物组分的总重量计;
其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I是至少一种聚合物二醇、至少一种多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的反应产物。
本发明的其他方面是附加独立权利要求的主题。尤其优选的实施方案是从属权利要求的主题。
发明的实施方式
如在本文中使用的术语“聚合物”一方面是指通过聚合反应(聚合、加聚、缩聚)制备的化学上均一的大分子但是在聚合度、分子量和链长方面不同的大分子的集合。另一方面,该术语还包含得自聚合反应的所述大分子集合的衍生物,即通过反应例如对预定大分子上的官能团进行加成或取代而获得的化合物,并且其可以在化学上均一或化学上不均一。此外,该术语还包含所谓的预聚物,即反应性有机预加合物,其官能团参与大分子形成。
术语“聚合物二醇”描述了平均具有至少两个羟基的聚合物,通常在聚合物链端。
本文中物质名称例如“多元醇”、“多异氰酸酯”、“聚醚”或“多胺”中的前缀“聚(多)”表示相应物质从形式上讲每分子包含多于一个的以其名称出现的官能团。
“分子量”或同义地“摩尔质量”在本文件中定义为分子的摩尔质量(以克/摩尔计)。“平均分子量”或“平均摩尔质量”是用于分子的低聚或聚合混合物的平均摩尔质量Mn的术语,其通常以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测定。
“伯羟基”是应用于键合到具有两个氢的碳原子上的OH基的术语。
在本文中,“抗冲改性剂”或“冲击强度改性剂”是指环氧树脂基体的一种添加剂,其即使少量添加,例如添加1-15wt%,也会导致固化后基体的韧性明显提高,并且因此在基体开裂或断裂之前,可以承受更高的弯曲、拉伸、振动或冲击应力。通常,将根据ISO 11343的冲击剥离强度用作冲击强度的量度。此处,断裂能(BE)表示为测量曲线下的面积(根据ISO 11343,从25%至90%)。典型地,根据ISO 11343的冲击剥离强度可以用作冲击强度的另一个量度。
除非另有说明,否则术语“弹性模量”是指根据DIN EN ISO 527测量的弹性模量(在0.05-0.25%的伸长范围内)。
“开放时间”是本文件中使用的术语,在组分混合之后,在其时间内,待粘结的部分必须适配在一起。
本文中的术语“强度”是指经固化的粘合剂的强度,其中强度尤其指拉伸强度和弹性模量(E-模量),尤其是在0.05至0.25%的伸长率范围内。
在本文中,“室温”是指23℃的温度。
在本文中,术语“彼此独立地”与取代基、部分或基团联合使用时应当解释为使得具有相同名称的取代基、部分或基团可以同时存在于具有不同定义的同一分子中。
术语“室温”(“RT”)是指23℃的温度,如果没有另外说明。
如果没有另外说明,引用的所有工业标准和规范是指在本专利申请首次提交时的最新版本。
在本文中术语“重量”是指以千克测量的化合物或组合物的质量。
双组分环氧树脂组合物由两种组分组成:
第一组分K1,树脂组分,含有所有环氧官能化的化合物。
第二组分K2,固化剂组分,含有能够与环氧树脂反应形成交联或化学固化产品的化学物质。在大多数情况下,这些固化剂化合物是胺类。
在施工前或施工过程中,将组分K1和K2混合在一起,开始交联或固化反应,最终产生固化、硬化的产品。
双组分环氧树脂组合物含有包含至少一种环氧树脂A的第一组分K1,所述环氧树脂A平均每分子含有多于一个环氧基团。优选地,在双组分组合物中所述环氧树脂A的量为5-85wt%,特别是25-65wt%,尤其是35-55wt%,基于双组分组合物的总重量。
在组分K1中,所述环氧树脂A优选以10-90wt%,特别是35-85wt%,优选45-80wt%的量被包含,基于组分K1的总重量。
在双组分组合物的第一组分K1中含有的环氧树脂A可以是本领域中使用的任何常规二官能或多官能环氧树脂。例如,合适的环氧树脂可获自环氧化合物例如表氯醇与多官能脂肪族或芳香族醇,即二醇、三醇或多醇的反应。可以使用一种或多种环氧树脂。
平均每分子含有多于一个环氧基的环氧树脂A优选为液体环氧树脂和/或固体环氧树脂。
术语“固体环氧树脂”是环氧化物领域技术人员熟知的并且与“液体环氧树脂”相对使用。固体树脂的玻璃化转变温度大于室温,即可以在室温下将它们粉碎成自由流动的粉末。
作为液体环氧树脂或固体环氧树脂合适的特别是例如式(I)的二缩水甘油醚
其中R4为二价脂肪族或单核芳香族或双核芳香族基团。
这种二缩水甘油醚的实例特别是二官能饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的C2-C30醇的二缩水甘油醚,例如乙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇或辛二醇缩水甘油醚、环己烷二甲醇二缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚;
二官能的低至高分子量聚醚多元醇的二缩水甘油醚,例如聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚;
二官能的二酚和任选地三酚的二缩水甘油醚,其应当理解为不仅是纯的酚,还任选地为取代的酚。
取代的类型可能非常多样。特别地,这被理解为是指直接在与酚羟基键合的芳族核上的取代。另外,酚应理解为不仅指单核芳族化合物,还指直接在芳族或杂芳族化合物上具有酚羟基的多核或稠合芳族或杂芳族化合物。作为双酚和任选地三酚,1,4-二羟基苯、1,3-二羟基苯、1,2-二羟基苯、1,3-二羟基甲苯、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸酯、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)例如是合适的。丙烷(=双酚-A)、双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷(=双酚-F)、双(4-羟基苯基)砜(=双酚-S)、间萘二酚、二羟基萘、二羟基蒽醌、二羟基-联苯、3,3-双(p-羟基苯基)苯酞、5,5-双(4-羟基-苯基)六氢-4,7-甲基茚满、酚酞、荧光素、4,4'-[双(羟基苯基)-1,3-亚苯基双(1-甲基-亚乙基)](=双酚-M)、4,4'-[双(羟基苯基)-1,4-亚苯基双(1-甲基-亚乙基)](=双酚-P)、2,2'-二烯丙基-双酚-A,通过使酚或甲酚与二异亚丙基苯反应制得的二酚和二甲酚、间苯三酚、胆汁酸酯、-OH官能度为2.0至3.5的酚或甲酚酚醛清漆以及上述化合物的所有异构体。
优选的环氧树脂A具有式(II)
在该式中,取代基R'和R”彼此独立为H或CH3。另外,该指数s具有>1.5的值,尤其是2-12。
这类固体环氧树脂例如可由Dow或Huntsman或Hexion商购。
具有1至1.5的指数s的式(II)化合物被本领域技术人员称为半固体环氧树脂。对于本发明,它们同样被认为是固体树脂。但是,优选的固体环氧树脂从狭义上讲是环氧树脂,即其中指数s的值>1.5。
优选的液体环氧树脂A具有式(III)
在该式中,取代基R”’和R””各自独立地为H或CH3。另外,指数r具有0-1的值。优选地,r具有小于0.2的值。
因此优选地这些是双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)、双酚F的二缩水甘油醚和双酚A/F的二缩水甘油醚(此处,名称“A/F”是指丙酮和甲醛的混合物,在其制备中用作反应物)。这种液体树脂例如可作为GY250,PY 304,GY 282(Huntsman),或D.E.R.TM 331,或D.E.R.TM 330(Olin),或Epikote 828(Hexion)获得。
此外,所谓的酚醛清漆是合适的环氧树脂A。这些特别具有以下式:
其中R2=或CH2,R1=H或甲基和z=0至7。
特别地,它们是苯酚或甲酚的酚醛清漆(R2=CH2)
这些环氧树脂可以EPN或ECN和556的商品名可商购自Huntsman或以D.E.N.TM产品系列可商购自Dow Chemical。
优选地,环氧树脂A是式(III)的液体环氧树脂。在一个甚至更优选的实施方案中,热固化的环氧树脂组合物含有至少一种式(III)的液体环氧树脂和至少一种式(II)的固体环氧树脂。
特别优选双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚或双酚A/F二缩水甘油醚,特别是GY 240,GY 250,GY 281,GY 282,GY 285,PY 304或PY 720(所有均来自Huntsman),或330,331,332,336,351,352,354或356(所有均来自Olin),或酚醛清漆缩水甘油醚。
优选的是衍生自酚-甲醛酚醛清漆的酚醛清漆缩水甘油醚,酚-甲醛酚醛清漆也称为环氧苯酚酚醛清漆树脂。
这种酚醛清漆缩水甘油醚是可商购的,例如获自Olin、Huntsman、Momentive或Emerald Performance Materials。优选的类型为431,438或439(来自Olin),EPN 1179,EPN 1180,EPN1182或EPN 1183(来自Huntsman),154,160或161(来自Momentive)或8250,8330或8350(来自EmeraldPerformance Materials)。
额外地,在组合物的组分K1中可以包含单、双和多官能反应性稀释剂(例如丁二醇二缩水甘油醚)。
这些反应性稀释剂特别为:
-单官能、饱和或不饱和、支化或未支化、环状或开链的C4-C30醇的缩水甘油醚,特别选自丁醇缩水甘油基醚、己醇缩水甘油基醚、2-乙基己醇缩水甘油基醚、烯丙基缩水甘油基醚、四氢糠基和糠基缩水甘油基醚、三甲氧基甲硅烷基缩水甘油基醚。
-二官能、饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的C2-C30醇的缩水甘油醚,特别选自乙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇或辛二醇的缩水甘油醚,环己烷二甲醇二缩水甘油醚和新戊基二醇二缩水甘油醚,
-三或多官能、饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的醇的缩水甘油醚,例如环氧化蓖麻油、环氧化的三羟甲基丙烷、环氧化的季戊四醇的缩水甘油醚,或脂肪族多元醇例如山梨糖醇、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷的多缩水甘油醚。
-苯酚和苯胺化合物的缩水甘油醚,特别选自苯基缩水甘油醚、甲苯基缩水甘油醚、p-叔丁基-苯基缩水甘油醚、壬基酚缩水甘油醚、3-n-十五碳烯基缩水甘油醚(来自腰果壳油)、N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺和p-氨基酚的三缩水甘油基醚。
-环氧化胺,例如N,N-二缩水甘油基环己基胺。
-环氧化单或二羧酸,特别选自新癸酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯甲酸缩水甘油酯、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油基酯、四和六氢邻苯二甲酸酯、二聚脂肪酸的二缩水甘油酯、以及对苯二甲酸和偏苯三酸的二缩水甘油酯。
-环氧化二或三官能的低至高分子量的聚醚多元醇,特别是聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚或聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚。
特别优选的是己二醇二缩水甘油醚、甲苯基缩水甘油醚、p-叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚。
有利地,反应性稀释剂的总比例为0.1至20wt%,优选1-8wt%,基于总的双组分组合物的重量。
双组分环氧树脂组合物含有第二组分K2,优选其包含基于双组分组合物的总重量计5-40wt%,更优选6-35wt%,特别是7-30wt%,最优选10-25wt%的用于环氧树脂的固化剂B。
在组分K2中,所述固化剂B优选以基于组分K2的总重量计10-100wt%,更优选15-80wt%,特别是20-75wt%,最优选30-70wt%的量被包含。
固化剂B可以是任何适用于环氧树脂的固化剂,包括脂肪族多胺、芳香族多胺、多氨基官能胺环氧加合物、酮亚胺、聚酰胺树脂、聚硫醇、酸酐、和潜胺如双氰胺。
固化剂B优选为选自聚(亚乙基亚胺)、聚酰胺基胺、氨基封端的丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物和多胺的化合物或化合物的混合物。
合适的固化剂B的实例例如包括:
脂肪族、脂环族或芳脂族伯二胺,
例如乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、2-甲基-1,2-丙二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,3-丁二胺、1,4-丁二胺、1,3-戊二胺(DAMP)、1,5-戊二胺、1,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷(MPMD)、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-戊二胺(C11-新二胺)、1,6-己二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二胺(TMD)、1,7-庚二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-二氨基环己烷、双-(4-氨基环己基)甲烷(H12-MDA)、双-(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷、双-(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷、双-(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷、双-(4-氨基-3-乙基-5-甲基环己基)甲烷(M-MECA)、1-氨基-3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(=异佛尔酮二胺或IPDA)、2-和4-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷和其混合物,1,3-和1,4-双-(氨基甲基)环己烷、2,5(2,6)-双-(氨基甲基)-二环[2.2.1]庚烷(NBDA)、3(4),8(9)-双-(氨基甲基)-三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷、1,4-二氨基-2,2,6-三甲基环己烷(TMCDA)、1,8-薄荷烷二胺、3,9-双-(3-氨基丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]癸烷以及1,3-和1,4-二甲苯二胺;
含有醚基的脂肪族伯二胺,
例如双(2-氨基乙基)醚、3,6-二氧杂辛烷-1,8-二胺、4,7-二氧杂癸烷-1,10-二胺、4,7-二氧杂癸烷-2,9-二胺、4,9-二氧杂十二烷-1,12-二胺、5,8-二氧杂十二烷-3,10-二胺、4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷-1,13-二胺和这些二胺的高级低聚物,具有例如350-2000分子量范围的双-(3-氨基丙基)聚四氢呋喃和其它聚四氢呋喃二胺以及聚氧化亚烷基二胺。通常,后者是聚氧化亚烷基二醇的胺化的产物,并且可以例如以名称(来自Huntsman)、以名称Polyetheramin(来自BASF)或以名称PC(来自Nitroil)获得。特别合适的聚氧化亚烷基二胺为D-230,D-2000,XTJ-511,ED-600,ED-2003, Polyetheramin D 230,Polyetheramin D 400和Polyetheramin D 2000,PCDA250,PCDA 400,PCDA 650,和PCDA 2000;
具有仲氨基的多胺,
例如二亚乙基三胺(DETA)、二亚丙基三胺(DPTA)、双六亚甲基三胺(BHMT)、3-(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基胺、N3-(3-氨基戊基)-1,3-戊二胺、N5-(3-氨基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、N5-(3-氨基-1-乙基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、N,N’-二丁基亚乙基二胺;N,N’-二-叔丁基-亚乙基二胺、N,N’-二乙基-1,6-己二胺、1-(1-甲基乙基氨基)-3-(1-甲基乙基氨基甲基)-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(754,获自Huntsman)、N4-环己基-2-甲基-N2-(2-甲基丙基)-2,4-戊二胺、N,N’-二烷基-1,3-亚二甲苯基二胺、双-(4-(N-烷基氨基)环己基)甲烷、4,4’-三亚甲基二哌啶、N-烷基化聚醚胺、例如型SD-231,SD-401,SD-404和SD-2001(获自Huntsman);
胺/多环氧化物的加成产物,
特别是所提及的多胺与二环氧化物以至少2/1、特别是2/1至6/1的摩尔比的加成产物;
多氨基胺
其是单或多元羧酸或其酯或其酸酐的反应产物,特别是二聚脂肪酸与以化学计量过量使用的脂肪族、环脂族或芳族多胺的反应产物,所述多胺特别是聚亚烷基胺例如DETA或三亚乙基四胺(TETA),特别是可商购的多酰胺基胺100,125,140和150(来自Cognis),223,250和848(来自Huntsman),3607,530(来自Huntsman),EH 651,EH 654,EH 655,EH 661和EH 663(来自Cytec);
聚亚乙基亚胺(PEI)
这些是衍生自亚乙基亚胺的聚合的支化的聚合物胺。合适的聚亚乙基亚胺通常具有250-25000g/mol的平均分子量并且含有叔、仲和伯氨基。聚亚乙基亚胺可以例如以商品名(获自BASF)获得,例如类型FG,G20和PR 8515。
腰果壳基胺
这些是腰果壳液(CNSL)的主要成分腰果酚和胺类的反应产物,可形成酚醛胺结构。这些是具有优良性能的可重生原料,可用作固化剂B。
合适的多胺特别是分子量小于500g/mol的聚氧化亚烷基二胺(D-230,Jeffamine D400,EDR-148)、4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷-1-13-二胺、4,9-二氧杂十二烷-1,12-二胺、亚乙基二胺、和/或3(4),8(9)-双(氨基甲基)三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷(由Celanese Chemicals制造)。已经显示特别地小于100000g/mol、特别小于50000g/mol的分子量Mw的聚亚乙基亚胺是特别合适的。
特别地,优选为二胺或三胺的多胺选自含有醚基的脂肪族二胺或三胺,特别是聚氧化亚烷基二胺和三胺,特别是聚氧亚乙基二胺和三胺、聚氧亚丙基二胺和三胺、聚氧亚丁基二胺和三胺,氨基封端的聚丁二烯和丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物或其混合物。
特别地,这些是具有两个或三个氨基的聚氧化亚烷基多胺,例如其以名称(获自Huntsman Chemicals)、以名称Polyetheramin(获自BASF)或以名称PC(获自Nitroil)可商购获得,以及上述多胺的混合物。
在根据本发明的双组分组合物的优选的实施方案中,所述固化剂B包含二官能多胺和/或三官能多胺,特别是聚醚胺。
此外,固化剂组分K2可以包含促进剂。合适的促进剂是促进氨基和环氧基之间的反应的物质,特别是酸或可水解为酸的化合物,特别是有机羧酸例如乙酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、2-硝基苯甲酸、乳酸,有机磺酸例如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或4-十二烷基苯磺酸、磺酸酯,其它有机或无机酸,例如特别是磷酸,或上述酸或酸酯的混合物;叔胺例如特别是已经提及的促进剂B或1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、三乙醇胺,咪唑例如特别是N-甲基咪唑、N-乙烯基咪唑或1,2-二甲基咪唑,这些叔胺的盐,季铵盐,特别是苄基三甲基氯化铵,脒特别是1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯,胍特别是1,1,3,3-四甲基胍,酚特别是双酚,酚醛树脂或曼尼希碱,特别是2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚或2,4,6-三(N,N-二甲基-4-氨基-2-氮杂丁基)苯酚,亚磷酸酯例如特别是二或三苯基亚磷酸酯,或含有巯基的化合物。作为促进剂优选的是酸、叔胺或曼尼希碱。
这些中最优选的为水杨酸或2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚或2,4,6-三(N,N-二甲基-4-氨基-2-氮杂丁基)苯酚或其组合。
此外作为促进剂优选的特别是包含至少一个二甲基氨基的化合物。特别是苄基二甲基胺、α-甲基苄基二甲基胺、N,N-二乙基-N',N'-二甲基-1,3-丙烷二胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙烷-1-醇、2-或4-(二甲基氨基甲基)酚、2,4-或2,6-双(N,N-二甲基氨基甲基)酚、2,4,6-三(N,N-二甲基氨基甲基)酚、2,4,6-三(N,N-二甲基-4-氨基-2-氮杂丁基)酚或特别是N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,3-丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,4-丁二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N,N',N',N"-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N,N',N',N"-五甲基二亚丙基三胺、N,N,N',N',N"-五甲基-N-(2-氨基乙基)-1,3-丙烷二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙烷二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基氨基)乙基胺、2-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基氨基乙基胺、3-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基氨基)丙基胺、3-(3-(二甲基氨基丙基氨基)丙基胺(DMAPAPA)、双(2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基)胺或双(3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基)胺。
特别优选的是N,N,N',N',N"-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、3-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基氨基)丙基胺(DMAPAPA)或双(3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基)胺。这些促进剂容易获得,气味低并具有较高的抗压强度,较高的粘合力,并且几乎没有任何低温下的固化问题。作为促进剂最优选的是3-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基氨基)丙基胺(DMAPAPA)。DMAPAPA具有低气味、毒理学安全且可商购的特点。
此外,双组分组合物在组分K1和K2的任一个或二者中包含基于双组分组合物的总重量计2-35wt%,优选3-25wt%,特别是5-15wt%的至少一种抗冲改性剂I。该量是指没有溶剂或其他通常用于更好的存储、处理、分散、稀释或其他目的的固体或液体添加剂的纯活性抗冲改性剂。
优选地,抗冲改性剂I包含在组分K1中,特别是仅包含在组分K1中。在该实施方案中,抗冲改性剂I的量优选为3-45wt%,优选5-30wt%,特别是10-20wt%,基于组分K1的总重量。
抗冲改性剂I是至少一种聚合物二醇、至少一种多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的反应产物。
在该反应中,聚合物二醇优选在第一步中与多异氰酸酯反应以产生异氰酸酯官能化的聚氨酯预聚物。所述聚氨酯预聚物的异氰酸酯基团然后优选用腰果酚封端以产生最终的抗冲改性剂I。所述抗冲改性剂I优选不再包含可测量量的异氰酸酯基团。特别地,优选地,所述预聚物的所有剩余异氰酸酯基团的至少75%,特别是至少90%,优选至少99%在反应后被腰果酚封端。
当聚合物二醇与多异氰酸酯反应时,可以产生具有大量扩链的预聚物。当聚合物二醇与多异氰酸酯反应时,可以生产出基本上没有扩链的预聚物。聚氨酯化学领域的技术人员能够控制扩链的量,例如通过调节聚合物二醇与多异氰酸酯的相对摩尔比。当多异氰酸酯摩尔量显著过量时,扩链反应将被抑制,产生主要没有扩链聚合物链的异氰酸酯官能预聚物。当聚合物二醇与多异氰酸酯特别是二异氰酸酯的摩尔比接近1:1时,可以预期显著的扩链。通常,优选摩尔过量的多异氰酸酯。然而,当使用大量过量的多异氰酸酯时,反应后可能必须去除未反应的多异氰酸酯,例如通过蒸馏或化学衍生。
用于抗冲改性剂I的含异氰酸酯基预聚物特别是由至少一种单体多异氰酸酯特别是二异氰酸酯与至少一种合适的二醇反应得到。反应优选在20-160℃,特别是40-140℃的温度下排除水分进行,如果合适的话,在合适的催化剂存在下进行。
NCO/OH比优选在1.1/1至10/1的范围内,优选1.3/1至10/1。在OH基团的反应后可以移除反应混合物中残留的单体多异氰酸酯,特别是通过蒸馏。
在通过蒸馏去除过量单体多异氰酸酯的情况下,反应中的NCO/OH比优选在3/1至10/1的范围内,特别是4/1至7/1,并且在蒸馏后所得含异氰酸酯基团的预聚物优选含有至多0.5wt%,特别优选至多0.3wt%的单体多异氰酸酯。
在没有从预聚物中除去过量单体多异氰酸酯的情况下,反应中的NCO/OH比优选在1.3/1至2.5/1的范围内。这样的预聚物特别含有至多3wt%,优选最多2wt%的单体多异氰酸酯。
优选的抗冲改性剂I是式(IV)的聚合物。
在该式中,n和n’各自彼此独立地为0或1的值,优选1,条件是n和n’的至少一个,优选二者不为0;
R1是移除n+n’末端异氰酸酯基团后的含有至少n+n’个末端异氰酸酯基团的直链聚氨酯预聚物;
R2和R3是在移除羟基H原子之后腰果酚的残基并且经由氧原子连接。
腰果酚(CAS登记号:37330-39-5)是由漆树酸、腰果壳液的主组分(CNSL)、腰果加工的副产物获得的酚类脂。该物质的名称来自于Anacardium属的缩写,该属包括腰果树Anacardium occidentale。该结构在式(V)中显示。
R=C15H31-n;n=0,2,4,6 (V)
名称腰果酚用于通过任何天然存在的漆树酸的热分解获得的脱羧衍生物。这包括不止一种化合物,因为侧链的组成在其不饱和度上有所不同。三不饱和腰果酚,主要组分(41%)见下式(VI)。剩余的腰果酚为34%单不饱和腰果酚、22%双不饱和腰果酚和2%饱和腰果酚。
腰果酚的酚羟基很容易与异氰酸酯官能预聚物的异氰酸酯基反应生成抗冲改性剂I。
值得一提且令人惊奇的是,腰果酚是唯一可用于制备本发明抗冲改性剂I的酚类试剂。其他类似的酚类试剂特别是壬基酚,不会导致具有与抗冲改性剂I相同的有益特性的抗冲改性剂。
此外,腰果酚具有基于天然、可再生资源且价格低廉的优势。
腰果酚例如可以商品名商购于Cardolite Corporation。
在制备被腰果酚封端的预聚物以制备抗冲改性剂I的方法中,使用了至少一种聚合物二醇。合适的聚合物二醇尤其是以下商购二醇或其任何所需的混合物:
–聚氧亚烷基二醇,也称为聚醚二醇或低聚醚醇,其是环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、1,2-或2,3-环氧丁烷、氧杂环丁烷、四氢呋喃或其混合物的聚合产物,可能在具有两个活性氢原子的起始分子的帮助下聚合,所述起始分子例如为水或具有多个OH或NH基团的化合物,例如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、异构二丙二醇和三丙二醇、丁二醇的异构体、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇、辛二醇、壬二醇、癸二醇、十一烷二醇、环己烷-1,3-和-1,4-二甲醇、双酚A、氢化双酚A、苯胺和上述化合物的混合物。优选具有低不饱和度的聚氧化烯二醇(根据ASTM D-2849-69测量并以每克多元醇的不饱和度毫当量(meq/g)报告),例如借助双金属氰化物复合催化剂(DMC催化剂)制备。
特别合适的是聚氧化亚烷基二醇,尤其是聚氧亚乙基二醇和聚氧亚丙基二醇。
额外特别合适的是所谓的环氧乙烷封端的(EO-封端的)聚氧亚丙基二醇。后者是聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物,其例如通过在聚丙氧基化反应完成时用环氧乙烷进一步烷氧基化聚氧亚丙基二醇而获得并因此具有伯羟基。
–苯乙烯-丙烯腈-或丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝的聚醚二醇
–聚酯二醇,也称为低聚甾醇,通过已知方法制备,尤其是羟基羧酸的缩聚或脂族和/或芳族多元羧酸与二元醇的缩聚。
尤其合适的聚酯二醇是由二元醇与有机二羧酸或其酸酐或其酯制备的那些,所述二元醇例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基己烷-1,5-二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,12-羟基硬脂醇、环己烷-1,4-二甲醇、二聚脂肪酸二醇(二聚二醇)、新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯或上述醇的混合物,所述有机二羧酸或其酸酐或酯例如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、三甲基己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二羧酸、马来酸、富马酸、二聚脂肪酸、邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、六氢邻苯二甲酸或上述酸的混合物,以及由内酯,例如由γ-己内酯和起始剂例如上述二元醇形成的聚酯二醇。
–例如,通过上述醇(用于形成聚酯二醇)与碳酸二烷基酯、碳酸二芳基酯或光气反应获得的聚碳酸酯二醇。
–带有两个羟基并具有至少两个不同嵌段的嵌段共聚物,所述嵌段具有上述类型的聚醚、聚酯和/或聚碳酸酯结构,尤其是聚醚聚酯二醇。
–聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯二醇。
–二羟基官能的脂肪和油,例如天然脂肪和油,尤其是蓖麻油;或所谓的油脂化学二醇,通过天然脂肪和油的化学改性获得,例如通过不饱和油环氧化并随后用羧酸或醇开环获得的环氧聚酯或环氧聚醚,或通过不饱和油的加氢甲酰化和氢化获得的二醇;或通过降解过程如醇解或臭氧分解和随后的化学连接例如通过酯交换或二聚由此获得的降解产物或其衍生物而从天然脂肪和油中获得的二醇。天然脂肪和油的合适降解产物尤其是脂肪酸和脂肪醇,以及脂肪酸酯,尤其是甲酯(FAME),其可以例如通过加氢甲酰化和氢化而衍生化以得到羟基脂肪酸酯。
–聚烃二醇,也称为低聚烃醇,例如二羟基官能聚烯烃、聚异丁烯、聚异戊二烯;二羟基官能的乙烯-丙烯、乙烯-丁烯或乙烯-丙烯-二烯的共聚物,例如由Kraton Polymers生产;二烯,尤其是1,3-丁二烯的二羟基官能聚合物,其也可以特别由阴离子聚合制备;二烯例如1,3-丁二烯或二烯混合物与乙烯基单体例如苯乙烯、丙烯腈、氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯醇、异丁烯和异戊二烯的二羟基官能共聚物,例如二羟基官能的丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物,作为可生产的,例如由环氧化物或氨基醇和羧基封端的丙烯腈/丁二烯的共聚物(可商购获得,例如来自德国Nanoresins AG,Germany或Emerald Performance Materials LLC的(以前的)CTBN和CTBNX和ETBN名称);和二烯的氢化二羟基官能聚合物或共聚物。
特别优选平均OH官能度为1.5至2.5,优选1.8至2.3的此类二醇。
优选的二醇为聚氧亚烷基二醇、聚酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚丁二烯二醇和聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯二醇。其中,特别优选的是聚醚二醇,特别是聚丙二醇二醇和聚四氢呋喃二醇。
首先特别优选的是,特别是室温下为液体的聚氧亚丙基二醇和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共二元醇,尤其是平均分子量为300至15000g/mol,特别是1000至10000g/mol,优选2000至5500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二醇。特别优选平均OH官能度为1.5至2.5,优选1.8至2.3的此类二醇。
进一步特别优选室温为液体或固体、无定形或半结晶或结晶二醇,尤其是聚酯多元醇和聚碳酸酯二醇,尤其是平均分子量为300至15000g/mol,特别是1000至10000g/mol,优选1500至8000g/mol,尤其是2000至5500g/mol的聚酯二醇。特别合适的是结晶或半结晶己二酸/己二醇聚酯和十二烷二羧酸/己二醇聚酯。
进一步特别优选具有平均OH官能度为1.5至2.5,优选1.8至2.3和平均摩尔质量为300至15000g/mol,特别是1000至10000g/mol,优选1500至8000g/mol,更优选2000至4000g/mol,尤其是2500至3000g/mol的聚丁二烯二醇。
这种聚丁二烯多元醇尤其可通过1,3-丁二烯和烯丙醇以合适比例的聚合或通过合适的聚丁二烯的氧化获得。
合适的聚丁二烯多元醇尤其是含有式(VII)的结构要素和任选的式(VIII)和(IX)的结构要素的聚丁二烯二醇。
优选的聚丁二烯二醇含有40-80%,尤其是55-65%的式(VII)的结构要素,0-30%,尤其是15-25%的式(VIII)的结构要素,0-30%,尤其是15-25%的式(IX)的结构要素。
特别合适的聚丁二烯多元醇例如以商品名系列Poly可获自Cray Valley。
用于合成抗冲改性剂I的所有二醇的最优选的特别在室温下为液体的聚氧亚丙基二醇和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚二醇,尤其是平均分子量为300-15000g/mol,特别是1000-10000g/mol,优选2000-5500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二醇。使用这些二醇,尤其可以获得高抗冲击剥离强度。
因此,在最优选的实施方案中,所述二醇是聚氧亚丙基二醇或聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物二醇,尤其是平均分子量为300-15000g/mol,特别是1000-10000g/mol,优选2000-5500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二醇。特别优选平均OH官能度为1.5-2.5,优选1.8-2.3的这种二醇。
在用于制备被腰果酚封端的预聚物以制备抗冲改性剂I的方法中,使用了至少一种多异氰酸酯,优选二异氰酸酯。
合适的多异氰酸酯尤其是单体的二或三异氰酸酯,以及单体的二或三异氰酸酯的低聚体、聚合物和衍生物,以及它们的任意混合物。
合适的芳香族单体的二或三异氰酸酯尤其是2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯和这些异构体(TDI)的任意混合物、4,4'-,2,4'-和2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和这些异构体(MDI)的任意混合物、MDI和MDI类似物的混合物(聚合物MDI或PMDI)、1,3-和1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、2,3,5,6-四甲基-1,4-二异氰酸基苯、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二异氰酸基联苯(TODI)、联茴香胺二异氰酸酯(DADI)、1,3,5-三(异氰酸基甲基)苯、三(4-异氰酸基苯基)甲烷和三(4-异氰酸基苯基)硫代磷酸酯。
合适的脂肪族单体的二或三异氰酸酯是1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2-甲基五亚甲基-1,5-二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、1,10-十亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,12-十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸和赖氨酸酯的二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,3-和-1,4-二异氰酸酯、1-甲基-2,4-和-2,6-二异氰酸基环己烷和这些异构体(HTDI或H6TDI)的任意混合物、异氰酸基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸基甲基-环己烷(=异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或IPDI)、全氢-2,4'-和-4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI或H12MDI)、1,4-二异氰酸基-2,2,6-三甲基环己烷(TMCDI)、1,3-和1,4-双(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷、m-和p-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(m-和p-XDI)、m-和p-四甲基-1,3-和-1,4-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(m-和p-TMXDI)、双(1-异氰酸基-1-甲基乙基)萘、二聚-和三聚脂肪酸异氰酸酯如3,6-双(9-异氰酸基壬基)-4,5-二(1-庚烯基)环己烯(二聚的二异氰酸酯)和α,α,α',α',α”,α”-六甲基-1,3,5-均三甲苯三异氰酸酯。
这些其中优选的是MDI,TDI,HDI和IPDI。
适合的单体的二-和三异氰酸酯的低聚体、聚合物和衍生物尤其是由MDI、TDI、HDI、和IPDI衍生出的。其中尤其适合的是可商购的类型,尤其是HDI-缩二脲如和N3200(来自Bayer)、和HDB-LV(来自Rhodia)和24A-100(来自Asahi Kasei);HDI-异氰脲酸酯,如N 3300,N3600和N 3790BA(全部来自Bayer),HDT、HDT-LV和HDT-LV2(来自Rhodia),和THA-100(来自Asahi Kasei)和(来自NipponPolyurethane);HDI-脲二酮,如(来自Bayer);HDI-亚氨基二嗪二酮,如XP2410(来自Bayer);HDI-脲基甲酸酯,如VP LS2102(来自Bayer);IPDI-异氰脲酸酯,例如溶液中的Z4470(来自Bayer)或固体形式的T1890/100(来自Degussa);TDI-低聚体如IL(来自Bayer);以及基于TDI/HDI的混合异氰脲酸酯,例如HL(来自Bayer)。此外,特别适合的是在室温下以液体形式存在的MDI(所谓的“改性MDI”),其是MDI和MDI衍生物,特别如MDI-碳二亚胺或MDI-脲酮亚胺或MDI-氨基甲酸酯的混合物,其已知作为商品名如CD、PF、PC(全部来自Bayer)或M143(来自Dow),以及MDI和MDI同系物(聚合的MDI和PMDI)的混合物,其可通过以下商标名获得如VL R10,VL R20,VH 20N和VKS 20F(全部来自Bayer),M309、M 229和M 580(全部来自Dow)或M 10R(来自BASF)。在实践中,上述低聚的多异氰酸酯通常是具有不同低聚度和/或化学结构的物质的混合物。有利地,其平均NCO-官能度是2.1至4.0。
优选地,多异氰酸酯选自MDI,TDI,HDI和IPDI,和所提及异氰酸酯的低聚物、聚合物和衍生物,以及其混合物。
在一些优选的实施方案中,多异氰酸酯含有异氰脲酸酯、亚氨基二嗪二酮、脲二酮、缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、碳二亚胺、脲酮亚胺或二嗪三酮基团。
多异氰酸酯优选为二异氰酸酯,这意味着它含有平均或正好两个NCO基团。通过使用二异氰酸酯,得到严格线性聚合物,这有利于抗冲改性剂I,因为它赋予组合物更高的韧性。
合适的二异氰酸酯尤其是可商购的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和芳族,优选脂环族和芳族的二异氰酸酯。
优选的二异氰酸酯是六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、环己烷-1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体的任何所需混合物,1-异氰酸基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸基甲基环己烷(=异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或IPDI)、全氢二苯基甲烷-2,4'-和4,4'-二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、m-和p-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(m-和p-XDI)、m-和p-四甲基亚二甲苯基1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸酯(m-和p-TMXDI)、亚甲苯基-2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)以及这些异构体的任何所需混合物、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-、-2,4'-和-2,2'-二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体(MDI)的任何所需混合物。
更优选地,二异氰酸酯选自HDI、IPDI、MDI和TDI。这些二异氰酸酯可特别容易获得。
作为多异氰酸酯,特别是二异氰酸酯特别优选的是在室温下为液体的MDI形式。这些尤其是所谓的聚合MDI以及具有低聚物或其衍生物部分的MDI。这种液体形式的MDI的MDI(=4,4'-、2,4'-或2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和这些异构体的任意混合物)含量特别达到50-95wt%,尤其是60-90wt%。
作为多异氰酸酯,特别优选的是优选在室温下为液体的聚合物MDI和MDI类型,其含有MDI-碳二亚胺或其加合物部分。
用于合成抗冲改性剂I的最优选的多异氰酸酯是4,4'-、2,4'-和2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和这些异构体(MDI)的任意混合物、MDI和MDI同系物的混合物(聚合MDI或PMDI),特别是在室温下为液体的形式,以及具有低聚物或其衍生物部分的MDI。这种液体形式的MDI的MDI(=4,4'-、2,4'-或2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和这些异构体的任意混合物)含量特别达到50-95重量%,尤其是60-90wt%。
因此,在最优选的实施方案中,所述多异氰酸酯是4,4'-、2,4'-或2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和这些异构体(MDI)的任意混合物。基于MDI的抗冲改性剂I可提供特别高的冲击剥离强度。
优选地,抗冲改性剂I为由二醇、二异氰酸酯与腰果酚反应得到的线性聚合物。通过使用二异氰酸酯,获得了严格线性聚合物,这导致双组分组合物中特别高的冲击剥离强度。通过使用二醇(而不是三醇或其他更高官能的多元醇),抗冲改性剂I在任何情况下都主要是线性聚合物。然而,当使用官能度非常高的多异氰酸酯时,例如官能度为3或更高时,可能会出现一定程度的支化,这取决于异氰酸酯官能预聚物合成过程中的反应条件,这不利于抗冲改性剂I的效果。
为了避免这种情况,因此优选使用平均标称NCO官能度<3,特别是<2.5的二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯。
抗冲改性剂I优选具有>500g/eq,特别是>1000g/eq,优选>1500g/eq,特别是>2000g/eq的表观环氧当量。
双组分环氧树脂组合物优选以5-15wt%的量含有所述抗冲击强度改性剂I,基于双组分组合物的总重量。
此外,基于双组分组合物的总重量,双组分组合物在组分K1和K2任一者或两者中优选地包含0-80wt%,特别是5-55wt%,优选15-35wt%的至少一种填料。
填料的使用是有利的,因为它们改进了粘合剂的耐老化性并且有利地影响了机械性能和/或应用性能。
作为填料合适的是无机和有机填料,例如研磨或沉淀的碳酸钙(任选地涂覆有脂肪酸,特别是硬脂酸)、硫酸钡(重晶石)、滑石粉、石英粉、石英砂、白云石、硅灰石、高岭土、云母(硅酸铝钾)、分子筛、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅(热解或沉淀的)、方石英、水泥、石膏、烟灰、炭黑、石墨、金属粉末如铝、铜、铁、银或钢的粉末、PVC粉末、或空心球例如实心或空心玻璃球和有机空心球。
此外,适合作为填料的是层状矿物,特别是与有机离子交换的层状矿物。离子交换的层状矿物可以是阳离子交换的或阴离子交换的层状矿物。粘合剂也可以同时包含阳离子交换的层状矿物和阴离子交换的层状矿物。这样的层状矿物可以具有充当腐蚀抑制剂的附加优点。作为层状矿物优选的是层状硅酸盐。
此外,双组分环氧树脂组合物可以包含其它添加剂。这些例如为:
–溶剂,成膜助剂或扩链剂,例如甲苯、二甲苯、甲基乙基酮、2-乙氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙基乙酸酯、苄基醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇丁基醚、二丙二醇丁基醚、乙二醇丁基醚、乙二醇苯基醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙二醇丁基醚、丙二醇苯基醚、二苯基甲烷、二异丙基萘、矿物油馏分例如Solvesso型(来自Exxon)、芳烃树脂,特别是含酚基团的类型、癸二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、有机磷酸酯和磺酸酯以及磺酰胺;
–反应性稀释剂,例如以上已经提及的环氧反应性稀释剂,环氧化大豆油或亚麻油,具有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物特别是乙酰乙酸化的多元醇,丁内酯以及具有反应性基团的硅酮和异氰酸酯;
–聚合物,例如聚酰胺、多硫化物、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚氨酯(PUR)、含羧基的聚合物、聚酰胺、丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、不饱和单体的均聚物或共聚物,所述单体特别是包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、异戊二烯、乙酸乙烯酯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,特别是氯磺化的聚乙烯和含氟聚合物,磺酰胺改性的三聚氰胺和清洁的褐煤蜡;
–纤维,例如塑料纤维、碳纤维或玻璃纤维;
–颜料,例如二氧化钛或氧化铁或有机颜料;
–流变改性剂,例如特别是增稠剂,例如片状硅酸盐,如膨润土、蓖麻油的衍生物、氢化蓖麻油、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、尿素化合物、热解硅酸、纤维素醚和疏水改性的聚氧乙烯;
–增粘剂,例如有机烷氧基硅烷例如3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-N'[3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基]亚乙基二胺、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷或相应的具有乙氧基或(聚)醚氧基代替甲氧基的有机硅烷;
–抗氧化、腐蚀、热、光和紫外线辐射的稳定剂;
–阻燃剂,特别是化合物,例如氧化铝(Al(OH)3;也称为ATH表示“三水合铝”)、氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2;也称为MDH表示“二水合镁”)、硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)、硼酸(B(OH)3)、硼酸锌、三聚氰胺硼酸酯和三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯;含磷化合物例如磷酸铵((NH4)3PO4)、多磷酸铵、三聚氰胺磷酸酯、三聚氰胺焦磷酸酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸二苯基甲苯基酯、磷酸三甲苯基酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸单、双和三(异丙基苯基)酯,间苯二酚双(磷酸二苯基酯)、间苯二酚二磷酸酯低聚物、四苯基间苯二酚二亚磷酸酯、乙二胺二磷酸酯和双酚A双(磷酸二苯酯);含卤素的化合物例如氯代烷基磷酸酯,特别是磷酸三(氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(氯丙基)酯和磷酸三(二氯异丙基)酯、多溴代二苯基醚,特别是十溴二苯基醚、多溴化二苯醚、三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]磷酸酯、四溴双酚A、双酚A的双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)、溴化环氧树脂、乙烯-双-四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺,亚乙基双(二溴降冰片烷二甲酰亚胺)、1,2-双-(三溴苯氧基)乙烷、三(2,3-二溴丙基)异氰脲酸酯、三溴苯酚、六溴环十二烷、双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷和氯化石蜡;以及含卤素的化合物和三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)或五氧化二锑(Sb2O5)的组合;
–表面活性剂,例如润湿剂、流动控制剂、脱气剂或消泡剂;
–杀生物剂,例如杀藻剂、杀真菌剂或抑制真菌生长的物质。
对于本领域技术人员而言清楚和已知的是,可以将添加剂添加到树脂组分K1中,并且可以将添加剂添加到固化剂组分K2中。在此,特别必须确保,这种添加剂不会或仅轻微地损害储存稳定性。因此,对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,多胺将与树脂组分K1中的环氧化物反应,并且因此只能包含在固化剂组分K2中。
在优选的实施方案中,双组分环氧树脂组合物在组分K1和K2的任一个或二者中含有添加剂,所述添加剂优选选自增粘剂、润湿剂和脱气剂,其量为0.1-5wt%,优选0.25-4wt%,特别是0.5-3wt%,基于总双组分组合物。
根据本发明的双组分环氧树脂组合物的一个优选的实施方案由以下组成:
-所述第一组分K1,包含基于组分K1 25-85wt%的所述至少一种环氧树脂A,和基于组分K1 0-15wt%的至少一种环氧官能化的反应性稀释剂,和基于组分K1 0-25wt%的至少一种填料,和基于组分K1 5-25wt%的所述抗冲改性剂I;
-所述第二组分K2,包含基于组分K2 30-70wt%的所述环氧树脂的固化剂B,和基于组分K2 25-65wt%的至少一种填料,和基于组分K2 0.5-7wt%的至少一种用于固化环氧树脂的促进剂。
在根据本发明的双组分环氧树脂组合物中,对环氧基团具有反应性的氨基团的数目相对于环氧基团的数目的比优选为0.7-1.5,特别是0.8-1.2。
优选地,调节两个组分K1和K2的体积或重量的混合比,使得对环氧基团呈反应性的氨基团的数量相对于环氧基团的数量的所述比例得以建立。
或者,分别调节组分K1和K2中的环氧树脂A和固化剂B的各自量,使得对环氧基团呈反应性的氨基团的数量相对于环氧基团的数量的上述比例以给定的混合比得以建立,例如由应用设备定义的。优选的混合比是例如按体积计100:100至100:10和/或按重量计大约100:120至100:10。另一种优选的混合比按体积计约为1:1。这种混合比的优点是可以实现更精确、更均匀的混合,此外还简化了混合和测量过程,例如通过采用带有连接的静态混合器和同时移动的两个活塞的双筒枪。
双组分环氧树脂组合物的组分K1和K2在混合和施加前存储在分开的容器中。用于存储树脂K1或固化剂K2组分的合适的容器特别是桶、袋、小桶、罐、料盒或管。所述组分是储存稳定的,这意味着它们可以在使用前保存数月至一年或更长时间,而其各自的性能不会发生关乎其使用的改变。为了施用环氧树脂组合物,在施用前不久或施用过程中将树脂组分K1与固化剂K2以及任选存在的其它组分混合在一起。
组分的混合通过合适的方法进行。混合可以是连续的或分批的。如果在施加之前进行混合,则必须注意,各组分的混合和施加不会花费太多时间,因为这会导致干扰,例如减慢或不完全地形成附着力。混合特别是在环境温度下进行,该环境温度通常在约0至40℃,优选在约5至30℃的范围内。
当混合组分时,固化通过化学反应开始。在这种情况下,环氧基与携带氨基氢的氨基和任何其他可与环氧基反应的基团反应,并且开环得到氨基醇单元。另外的环氧基按照阴离子聚合特别是由二甲基氨基基团催化,相互反应。作为这些反应的结果,粘合剂固化为交联材料。本领域技术人员已知伯氨基对环氧基是“双官能的”,这意味着它们可以与两个单独的环氧基反应。
固化在升高的温度下进行,例如在20-180℃之间,特别是在30-100℃之间,优选在50-80℃之间,或在其他实施方案中在环境温度,尤其是室温下进行。其他实施方案也在较低温度下固化,例如在0-20℃之间,优选在5-15℃之间。固化通常会持续几个小时到几天,直到在给定的条件下基本完成。在较高温度下的固化通常发生得更快。固化速率的重要影响因素是温度、化学计量和促进剂的存在。
作为固化反应的结果,获得了固化的粘合剂。
优选地,粘合剂的施加和固化在环境温度,特别是在0至40℃,特别是5至30℃的温度下进行。这允许粘合剂的特别简单的处理,并且在室外、建筑工地和未加热的工业建筑物中特别有利。
双组分环氧树脂组合物固化后优选展示出根据DIN EN ISO527测量的至少为2000MPa的弹性模量,和根据ISO 11343测量的至少10N/mm的冲击剥离强度,在优选的实施方案中至少15N/mm,尤其是至少20N/mm。
双组分环氧树脂组合物在许多基材材料上适用作粘合剂。
例如,合适的材料包括:
-金属或合金,例如铝、铁、钢或有色金属,或表面精炼的金属或合金,例如镀锌或镀铬的金属;
-木材,木材-树脂复合材料,例如酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺树脂或环氧树脂粘合的木材或其它所谓的聚合物复合材料;
-石材,陶瓷,玻璃、瓦片;
-塑料,特别是硬或软的聚氯乙烯(PVC)、柔性聚烯烃粘附改性的氯磺化的聚乙烯ABS、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚酯、PMMA、环氧树脂、PUR、POM、PO、PE、PP、EPM或EPDM,任选被等离子体、电晕或火焰表面处理的塑料;和
-纤维增强的塑料,例如碳纤维增强的复合塑料(CFRP),玻璃纤维增强塑料(GRP)或片状模塑复合物(SMC)。
本发明的一个其他的方面是至少一种聚合物二醇、至少一种多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的反应产物作为双组分环氧树脂组合物中的抗冲改性剂或增韧剂的用途。
抗冲改性剂对应于上述抗冲改性剂I,其优选实施方案在这方面与抗冲改性剂I大体上相同,如上所述。所述双组分环氧树脂组合物的优选实施方案与贯穿本文件所定义的那些相同。
在所述用途的优选的实施方案中,所述聚合物二醇选自聚醚二醇、聚酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯二醇和聚丁二烯二醇。
在所述用途的相同或其他优选的实施方案中,以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的所述聚合物二醇的平均分子量Mn介于300和15'000g/mol之间,特别是介于1000和10'000g/mol之间,优选在2000和5500g/mol之间。
本发明的又一方面是粘合剂粘合制品,其中用于粘合剂粘合的粘合剂是如上文进一步描述的双组分环氧树脂组合物。
实施例
以下给出实施例,其进一步阐明了本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明的范围,并且仅说明一些可能的实施方案。“标准条件”或“标准气候”(“NK”)是指温度为23℃和相对湿度(r.h.)为50%。
测试方法
采用了以下测试方法:
拉伸强度(TS),断裂伸长率(EOB)和弹性模量(E-Mod)(DIN EN
ISO 527)
通过在标准气候下将混合的粘合剂施加到有机硅模具中并在其中固化以形成厚度为4mm,长度为150mm,型面长度为80mm并且型面宽度为10mm的哑铃型样条(DIN EN ISO527的样本型1A)来测定这些机械性能。在70℃的温度下4小时固化时间后,将测试样品从模具中取出。在标准条件下分别以1mm/min(E-Mod)或10mm/min(TS,EOB)的拉速测量样品。根据DIN EN ISO 527测定的0.05-0.25%的弹性模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。
冲击剥离强度(IPS)(ISO 11343)
由所描述的示例性组合物和使用尺寸为90×20×0.8mm的电镀锌DC04钢(eloZn)制备测试样品,其中粘附表面积为30×20mm,层厚度为0.3mm。它们在70℃下固化4h。根据ISO 11343在23℃下以2m/s的冲击速度测量冲击剥离强度。还确定了破坏模式。“AF”表示粘合破坏,“CF”表示内聚破坏。
粘度
使用具有板直径为25mm的板-板装置的粘度计测定各自新混合的双组分组合物的粘度。样品在23℃、间隙尺寸为1mm和剪切应力为10s-1的条件下测量。将样品预剪切40秒并测量80秒(8个测量点)。
示例性双组分环氧树脂组合物
使用表1中列出的物质制备了一系列双组分示例性组合物。表2至4显示了由组分K1和K2组成的示例性组合物。所有的量都是基于各自的K1的wt%(重量百分比)。对于组分K2,可商购的双组分环氧粘合剂的固化剂组分可获自Sika Schweiz AG。
通过将各自量的成分加入离心混合器并将它们均匀混合来制备每个实验中的单独组分K1。
表1:所采用的化学物质和成分
为了测试,使用搅拌器制备在每个示例性双组分组合物中每个相应的组分K1和K2的均质混合物,并直接施加到用于制备测试样片的基材表面。在将K1和K2混合后,立即采用测试方案。
对于各个组合物,测试数据显示在表2-5的表的末尾。
示例性抗冲改性剂I1的合成
在氮气气氛下,将5687g的多元醇(Bayer MaterialScience)、712g(2当量)商品名为Desmodur 44MC L(Covestro)的MDI和0.6g催化剂DABCO 33LV(AirProducts)加热并持续搅拌至80℃并在此温度下放置以产生NCO封端的预聚物。反应时间一小时后,通过滴定测定游离NCO含量。它的异氰酸酯基团含量已达到1.9wt%。随后,加入商品名为Cardolite NC-700(Cardolite)的910g腰果酚,并在80℃下再继续搅拌2小时。一旦IR光谱(波数2275–2230cm-1)不再检测到游离的异氰酸酯,反应就立即停止。
示例性抗冲改性剂I2的合成
将150g的异氰酸酯封端的预聚物(由60wt%的2000(BASF)、40wt%的PolyR45V(Cray Calley)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(Evonik)(0.75当量)和二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂制成),用1当量的干828LVEL(Hexion)处理。接着,加入8.11mmol邻苯二甲酸酐(Sigma Aldrich),混合反应混合物,然后通过加入催化剂在110℃下真空反应。
示例性抗冲改性剂I3的合成
将抗冲改性剂I3以与抗冲改性剂I1所描述的相同的方式合成,唯一的例外是使用等摩尔量的IPDI代替MDI。
示例性抗冲改性剂I4的合成
将抗冲改性剂I4以与抗冲改性剂I3所描述的相同的方式合成,例外是使用两当量的60wt%的2000(BASF)和40wt%PolyR45V(Cray Calley)的混合物代替4200作为多元醇和使用等摩尔量的IPDI代替MDI。
示例性抗冲改性剂I5的合成
将抗冲改性剂I5以与抗冲改性剂I1所描述的相同的方式合成,唯一的例外是使用两当量的60wt%的2000(BASF)和40wt%PolyR45V(Cray Calley)的混合物代替4200作为多元醇。
表2:组合物C1和C2的详情
表3:组合物C3-C6的详情
表4:组合物C7-C10的详情
表5:组合物C11-C14的详情。
Claims (21)
1.双组分环氧树脂组合物,其由以下组成:
-第一组分K1,其包含平均每分子含有多于1个环氧基团的至少一种环氧树脂A;和
-第二组分K2,其包含用于环氧树脂的固化剂B;
其中,所述双组分环氧树脂组合物在组分K1和K2的任一者或两者中含有2-35wt%的至少一种抗冲改性剂I,基于组合物组分的总重量计;
其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I是至少一种聚合物二醇、至少一种多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的反应产物;其中所述聚醚二醇是聚氧亚丙基二醇或聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物二醇,并且其中所述多异氰酸酯为4,4'-,2,4'-或2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或这些异构体(MDI)的任意混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述双组分环氧树脂组合物在组分K1和K2的任一者或两者中含有3-25wt%的至少一种抗冲改性剂I,基于组合物组分的总重量计。
3.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述双组分环氧树脂组合物在组分K1和K2的任一者或两者中含有5-15wt%的至少一种抗冲改性剂I,基于组合物组分的总重量计。
4.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述聚合物二醇具有以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的300-15000g/mol的平均分子量Mn。
5.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述聚合物二醇具有以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的1000-10000g/mol的平均分子量Mn。
6.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述聚合物二醇具有以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的2000-5500g/mol的平均分子量Mn。
7.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I的表观环氧当量>500g/eq。
8.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I的表观环氧当量>1000g/eq。
9.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I的表观环氧当量>1500g/eq。
10.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述抗冲改性剂I的表观环氧当量>2000g/eq。
11.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述双组分环氧树脂组合物以5-85wt%的量含有所述环氧树脂A,基于组合物的总重量计。
12.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述双组分环氧树脂组合物以5-40wt%的量含有所述固化剂B,基于组合物的总重量计。
13.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述双组分环氧树脂组合物以20-50wt%的量含有至少一种填料,基于组合物的总重量计。
14.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述固化剂B包含二官能和/或三官能的多胺。
15.根据权利要求14的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述二官能和/或三官能的多胺包括聚醚胺。
16.根据权利要求1的双组分环氧树脂组合物,其特征在于所述双组分环氧树脂组合物由以下组成:
-第一组分K1,其包含基于组分K1 25-85wt%的所述至少一种环氧树脂A,和基于组分K1 0-15wt%的至少一种环氧官能化的反应性稀释剂,和基于组分K1 0-25wt%的至少一种填料,和基于组分K15-25wt%的所述抗冲改性剂I;
-第二组分K2,其包含基于组分K2 30-70wt%的用于环氧树脂的所述固化剂B,和基于组分K2 25-75wt%的至少一种填料,和基于组分K2 0.5-7wt%的至少一种用于固化环氧树脂的促进剂。
17.至少一种聚合物二醇、至少一种多异氰酸酯和腰果酚的反应产物作为双组分环氧树脂组合物中的抗冲改性剂或增韧剂的用途;其中所述聚醚二醇是聚氧亚丙基二醇或聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物二醇,并且其中所述多异氰酸酯为4,4'-,2,4'-或2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或这些异构体(MDI)的任意混合物。
18.根据权利要求17的用途,其特征在于所述聚合物二醇以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的平均分子量Mn为300-15000g/mol。
19.根据权利要求17的用途,其特征在于所述聚合物二醇以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的平均分子量Mn为1000-10000g/mol。
20.根据权利要求17的用途,其特征在于所述聚合物二醇以聚苯乙烯为标准物通过GPC测量的平均分子量Mn为2000-5500g/mol。
21.粘合粘接制品,其中用于粘合粘接的粘合剂为根据权利要求1-16的任一项的双组分环氧树脂组合物。
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WO2020249741A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
US20220227991A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
CN113966356A (zh) | 2022-01-21 |
EP3983469A1 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
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