CN113964515B - Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna - Google Patents
Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113964515B CN113964515B CN202111341028.8A CN202111341028A CN113964515B CN 113964515 B CN113964515 B CN 113964515B CN 202111341028 A CN202111341028 A CN 202111341028A CN 113964515 B CN113964515 B CN 113964515B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- spiral
- arm
- wide
- circuit board
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
- H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a coaxial radio frequency connector, an antenna base, an antenna supporting structure, a four-arm spiral antenna and a feed network circuit board; the four-arm spiral antenna comprises 4 spiral arms which are distributed in a 90-degree phase difference mode in space in sequence; each spiral arm comprises an arc-shaped horizontal section, a spiral ascending section, a grounding branch and a feeding branch. The antenna is in the form of a four-arm spiral antenna, and the axial length, the number of turns, the winding cylindrical diameter and the rotation angle of the antenna of the four arms are adjusted, so that the antenna can have stable gain, standing wave bandwidth and wider beam width in the working bandwidth of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication antennas, and particularly relates to a wide-beam four-arm helical antenna.
Background
In the information age, antennas play a vital role in the reception of information transmission data. In radio communication, the antenna is a more irreplaceable part. The performance requirements and practicality of antennas are increasing, both in the military and civil fields.
For example, in satellite navigation systems, the gain bandwidth performance of the receiving antenna directly affects the operational capabilities of the signal receiving system; or in ground communication, the gain bandwidth performance of the antenna at low elevation and horizontal plane can affect the signal reception of the ground station, and if the antenna cannot meet the set requirement, the signal loss can be caused.
For example, when the conventional microstrip antenna needs to work at a low elevation angle, the bandwidth is widened by adding the coupling piece, the bandwidth which basically meets the requirement is about 14%, the 3dB wave beam is generally 90 degrees, the antenna peak gain is increased along with the increase of the size of the reflecting floor of the antenna, but the 3dB wave beam and the horizontal plane gain are reduced, the difference between the horizontal plane and the peak gain is 7dB to 10dB, and the situation is more serious under the condition of increasing the reflection, so that the conventional microstrip antenna cannot meet the communication requirement of the ground station at the low elevation angle.
The antenna is an omni-directional antenna applied to a large-range coverage point-to-multipoint communication system, such as an omni-directional circular polarized antenna, which adopts an upper metal sheet and a lower metal sheet with spiral forms to form a dipole, so that the bandwidth requirement can be met, the antenna is omni-directional horizontally, but the gain of +/-5 DEG to +/-10 DEG at the top of the antenna is a pit, the gain is-10 dB to-20 dB, the axial ratio is smaller than 3dB and can only be within 40 DEG on the horizontal plane, the axial ratio is very high from the top of the antenna to +/-50 DEG, and the antenna is basically linearly polarized near the vertex part, so that the isolation between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna can be excessively high.
Therefore, how to design an antenna meeting the communication requirement of a low-elevation ground station has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a coaxial radio frequency connector (1), an antenna base (2), an antenna supporting structure (3), a quadrifilar helix antenna (4) and a feed network circuit board (5);
the antenna supporting structure (3) is fixedly arranged on the antenna base (2) in a welding way; the antenna support structure (3) is a cylindrical structure; the antenna base (2) is internally and fixedly provided with the feed network circuit board (5), and the feed network circuit board (5) is provided with four ports (5-1); the coaxial radio frequency connector (1) is welded and fixed below the feed network circuit board (5);
the four-arm spiral antenna (4) comprises 4 spiral arms (4-1) which are distributed in a 90-degree phase difference mode in sequence in space; each spiral arm (4-1) comprises an arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1), a spiral ascending section (4-1-2), a grounding branch (4-1-3) and a feeding branch (4-1-4); wherein the arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1) horizontally surrounds the surface of the antenna supporting structure (3), and the tail end of the arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1) extends out of the grounding branch (4-1-3) vertically downwards; the other end of the arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1) extends out of one end of the feed branch (4-1-4) and one end of the spiral ascending section (4-1-2) which are vertically downward respectively; the other end of the spiral ascending section (4-1-2) ascends spirally along the surface of the antenna supporting structure (3); the four-arm spiral antenna (4) is integrally surrounded on the outer surface of the antenna supporting structure (3) and is equal to the antenna supporting structure (3) in height;
wherein the bottom end of the grounding branch knot (4-1-3) is grounded; the bottom end of the feed branch (4-1-4) is fixed in contact with one port (5-1) of the feed network circuit board (5).
Preferably, the length of the spiral ascending section (4-1-2) of each spiral arm (4-1) is an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength.
Preferably, the current amplitude of the feed end of each spiral arm (4-1) is equal, and the phase difference is different by 90 degrees in sequence.
Preferably, the feed network circuit board (5) adopts a feed network composed of a 3dB directional coupler and a 180 DEG phase shifter.
Preferably, the 3dB beam width and the axial ratio of the antenna are further adjusted by adjusting the axial length, the winding number of turns and the outer diameter of the antenna supporting structure (3) of each spiral arm (4-1), so that the 3dB beam width of the antenna reaches more than 190 degrees; when the antenna axis ratio is less than 3dB, the beam bandwidth can still reach 190 ° or more.
Preferably, the antenna bandwidth is adjusted by changing the rising rotation angle of each spiral arm (4-1); wherein, the larger the rising rotation angle is, the smaller the input impedance is, and the narrower the antenna bandwidth is.
The wide-beam four-arm helical antenna provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the antenna is in the form of a four-arm spiral antenna, and the axial length, the number of turns, the winding cylindrical diameter and the rotation angle of the antenna of the four arms are adjusted, so that the antenna can have stable gain, standing wave bandwidth and wider beam width in the working bandwidth of the antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna according to the present invention when the antenna support structure is hidden;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of a quadrifilar helix antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a front view of a quadrifilar helix antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a quadrifilar helix antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of an antenna support structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of an antenna support structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 8 is a top view of a feeding network circuit board provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the application environment of the invention, the horizontal elevation angle of the receiving antenna is lower due to the lower height of the projectile from the ground station, and the horizontal elevation angle becomes lower as the flying distance of the projectile increases, so that the antenna is required to have a wider beam width, the gain pattern has a wider receiving angle, and the antenna is required to have a sufficiently wide standing wave bandwidth.
The invention overcomes the defects of the traditional antenna, provides the wide-beam four-arm spiral antenna, is an omnidirectional antenna with wide beam, wide bandwidth and small volume, and ensures that the antenna has higher gain in the horizontal direction. Specifically, the special four-arm spiral antenna can ensure the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna and the working angle range of the antenna gain pattern. The wide-beam four-arm helical antenna is a wide-beam antenna with excellent performance, can ensure that the antenna has good wide-beam circular polarization characteristics, has the characteristic of simple installation, and is convenient to produce while ensuring the performance.
Referring to fig. 1-8, the present invention provides a wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna comprising: the antenna comprises a coaxial radio frequency connector 1, an antenna base 2, an antenna supporting structure 3, a quadrifilar helix antenna 4 and a feed network circuit board 5;
an antenna supporting structure 3 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the antenna base 2 in a welding way; the antenna supporting structure 3 is a main structure carrier of the antenna, and the antenna supporting structure 3 is a cylindrical structure; the inside of the antenna base 2 is fixedly provided with a feed network circuit board 5, and the feed network circuit board 5 is provided with four ports 5-1; the coaxial radio frequency connector 1 is welded and fixed below the feed network circuit board 5;
the four-arm spiral antenna 4 comprises 4 spiral arms 4-1 which are distributed in a 90-degree phase difference mode in sequence in space; each spiral arm 4-1 comprises an arc-shaped horizontal section 4-1-1, a spiral ascending section 4-1-2, a grounding branch 4-1-3 and a feeding branch 4-1-4; wherein, the arc-shaped horizontal section 4-1-1 horizontally surrounds the surface of the antenna supporting structure 3, and the tail end of the arc-shaped horizontal section 4-1-1 extends to form a vertical downward grounding branch 4-1-3; the other end of the arc-shaped horizontal section 4-1-1 extends out of one end of the vertical downward feed branch 4-1-4 and one end of the spiral ascending section 4-1-2 respectively; the other end of the spiral ascending section 4-1-2 is spirally ascended along the surface of the antenna supporting structure 3 through bending and forming, and then is wound on the surface of the antenna supporting structure 3; the four-arm spiral antenna 4 is integrally enclosed on the outer surface of the antenna supporting structure 3 and is equal to the antenna supporting structure 3 in height;
wherein the bottom end of the grounding branch 4-1-3 is grounded; the bottom end of the feed branch 4-1-4 is fixed in contact with one port 5-1 of the feed network circuit board 5.
In the present invention, the length of the spiral ascending section 4-1-2 of each spiral arm 4-1 is an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength. The current amplitudes of the feed ends of the four spiral arms 4-1 are equal, and the phase differences are sequentially different by 90 degrees. The feed network circuit board 5 adopts a feed network composed of a high-power 3dB directional coupler and a 180 DEG phase shifter.
In the grounding mode, the grounding directional diagram is easily influenced by reflection ground by adopting a traditional mode, so that the directional diagram is tilted upwards, the 3dB wave beam is narrowed, and the horizontal plane gain is lowered. In the invention, each spiral arm adopts PIPI form, one branch is grounded, and a part of current returns to the ground when a single antenna is used, so that the reflection of the corresponding bottom shell metal plate is much smaller, and the 3dB beam width is ensured to be larger than 185 degrees.
The antenna is mainly characterized in that the 3dB beam width and the axial ratio of the antenna are adjusted by adjusting the axial length, the winding number of turns and the outer diameter of the antenna supporting structure 3 of each spiral arm 4-1, so that the 3dB beam width of the antenna reaches more than 190 DEG, and when the axial ratio of the antenna is smaller than 3dB, the beam bandwidth still can reach more than 190 deg.
In addition, the antenna bandwidth is adjusted by changing the ascending rotation angle of each spiral arm 4-1; wherein, the larger the rising rotation angle is, the smaller the input impedance is, and the narrower the antenna bandwidth is.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Each spiral arm adopts a PIPI mode, so that the influence of reflection ground on an antenna directional diagram can be reduced, and the 3dB wave beam width is ensured to be larger than 185 degrees.
(2) The antenna feeding mode is to form a feeding network by adopting a high-power directional coupler with the width of 3dB and a 180 DEG phase shifter, so that the 90 DEG phase of the adjacent port of the feeding network can be ensured to be within +/-1.5 DEG, the bandwidth of the wave beam can reach more than 20 percent, and the axial ratio of the antenna can be ensured.
(3) The antenna is in the form of a four-arm spiral antenna, and the axial length, the number of turns, the winding cylindrical diameter and the rotation angle of the antenna of the four arms are adjusted, so that the antenna can have stable gain, standing wave bandwidth and wider beam width in the working bandwidth of the antenna.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna comprising: the antenna comprises a coaxial radio frequency connector (1), an antenna base (2), an antenna supporting structure (3), a quadrifilar helix antenna (4) and a feed network circuit board (5);
the antenna supporting structure (3) is fixedly arranged on the antenna base (2) in a welding way; the antenna support structure (3) is a cylindrical structure; the antenna base (2) is internally and fixedly provided with the feed network circuit board (5), and the feed network circuit board (5) is provided with four ports (5-1); the coaxial radio frequency connector (1) is welded and fixed below the feed network circuit board (5);
the four-arm spiral antenna (4) comprises 4 spiral arms (4-1) which are distributed in a 90-degree phase difference mode in sequence in space; each spiral arm (4-1) comprises an arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1), a spiral ascending section (4-1-2), a grounding branch (4-1-3) and a feeding branch (4-1-4); wherein the arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1) horizontally surrounds the surface of the antenna supporting structure (3), and the tail end of the arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1) extends out of the grounding branch (4-1-3) vertically downwards; the other end of the arc-shaped horizontal section (4-1-1) extends out of one end of the feed branch (4-1-4) and one end of the spiral ascending section (4-1-2) which are vertically downward respectively; the other end of the spiral ascending section (4-1-2) ascends spirally along the surface of the antenna supporting structure (3); the four-arm spiral antenna (4) is integrally surrounded on the outer surface of the antenna supporting structure (3) and is equal to the antenna supporting structure (3) in height;
wherein the bottom end of the grounding branch knot (4-1-3) is grounded; the bottom end of the feed branch (4-1-4) is fixed in contact with one port (5-1) of the feed network circuit board (5).
2. The wide-beam four-arm helical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the helical riser (4-1-2) of each of the helical arms (4-1) is an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength.
3. The wide-beam four-arm helical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the current amplitude of the feed end of each of the helical arms (4-1) is equal, the phase difference being in turn 90 °.
4. The wide-beam quadrifilar helix antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feeding network circuit board (5) employs a feeding network of 3dB directional coupler and 180 ° phase shifter width.
5. The wide-beam four-arm helical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the 3dB beam width and the axial ratio of the antenna are adjusted by adjusting the axial length, the number of windings and the outer diameter of the antenna support structure (3) of each helical arm (4-1) so that the 3dB beam width of the antenna reaches 190 ° or more; when the antenna axis ratio is less than 3dB, the beam bandwidth can still reach 190 ° or more.
6. The wide-beam four-arm helical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna bandwidth is adjusted by varying the rising rotation angle of each of the helical arms (4-1); wherein, the larger the rising rotation angle is, the smaller the input impedance is, and the narrower the antenna bandwidth is.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111341028.8A CN113964515B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111341028.8A CN113964515B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113964515A CN113964515A (en) | 2022-01-21 |
| CN113964515B true CN113964515B (en) | 2023-05-12 |
Family
ID=79470357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111341028.8A Active CN113964515B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113964515B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5451973A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-09-19 | Trw Inc. | Multi-mode dual circularly polarized spiral antenna |
| CN106207411A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 西安合众思壮导航技术有限公司 | A kind of four-arm spiral antenna |
| CN106898863A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-27 | 北京旋极星达技术有限公司 | It is a kind of new from phase shift four-arm spiral antenna |
| CN110247169A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-17 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of double-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna with broad beam characteristic |
| CN112134004A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 大连海事大学 | Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna with equal-flux radiation characteristic |
| CN113013598A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳市海德门电子有限公司 | Multi-frequency broadband four-arm helical antenna |
| CN113422213A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-21 | 上海海事大学 | Controllable surface type small four-element four-arm spiral antenna array |
-
2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202111341028.8A patent/CN113964515B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5451973A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-09-19 | Trw Inc. | Multi-mode dual circularly polarized spiral antenna |
| CN106898863A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-27 | 北京旋极星达技术有限公司 | It is a kind of new from phase shift four-arm spiral antenna |
| CN106207411A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 西安合众思壮导航技术有限公司 | A kind of four-arm spiral antenna |
| CN110247169A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-17 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of double-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna with broad beam characteristic |
| CN112134004A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 大连海事大学 | Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna with equal-flux radiation characteristic |
| CN113013598A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳市海德门电子有限公司 | Multi-frequency broadband four-arm helical antenna |
| CN113422213A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-21 | 上海海事大学 | Controllable surface type small four-element four-arm spiral antenna array |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 一种小型化宽带宽波束平面四臂螺旋天线;王德才等;现代雷达;第40卷(第4期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113964515A (en) | 2022-01-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20030063031A1 (en) | Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna | |
| CN109346830B (en) | All-metal four-arm equiangular spiral circularly polarized antenna unit | |
| CN109687116B (en) | C-band miniaturized broadband wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna | |
| WO2000014826A1 (en) | Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna | |
| US20040027308A1 (en) | Low profile, dual polarized/pattern antenna | |
| CN114976651B (en) | Single-fed ultra-wideband circularly polarized wide-beam magnetic electric dipole antenna | |
| CN111864359A (en) | Four-feed plane helical antenna in global satellite navigation system | |
| CN112886279B (en) | Method for realizing high-gain omnidirectional biconical antenna array | |
| CN114883785B (en) | Thin dual-polarization ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning array antenna | |
| JPH03231503A (en) | Curved dipole element antenna | |
| CN114512814A (en) | Vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna based on multi-resonance mode | |
| CN113964515B (en) | Wide-beam four-arm helical antenna | |
| CN116780196A (en) | Single-feed wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna | |
| CN115084872B (en) | Ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna | |
| CN212342813U (en) | Broadband circularly polarized double-arm spiral omnidirectional antenna | |
| CN212968048U (en) | Wide-bandwidth beam forming measurement and control antenna | |
| CN113922059A (en) | Conical helical antenna | |
| CN111082209B (en) | Low-profile planar helical antenna adopting novel feed mode | |
| KR100343893B1 (en) | Circular-Polarized Dipole Antenna | |
| CN114843754B (en) | Low-profile circularly polarized antenna | |
| US6313806B1 (en) | Slot antenna with susceptance reducing loops | |
| CN102055077A (en) | Linearly polarized broadband backfire helical antenna | |
| CN221305009U (en) | Broadband UHF band top-passing blind compensating antenna | |
| CN218586336U (en) | Bipyramid omnidirectional transmitting antenna of carbon fiber oscillator | |
| CN221282376U (en) | Terminal antenna integrating low orbit satellite and space satellite communication |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |