CN113960605A - Microwave raindrop spectrometer - Google Patents
Microwave raindrop spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113960605A CN113960605A CN202111214304.4A CN202111214304A CN113960605A CN 113960605 A CN113960605 A CN 113960605A CN 202111214304 A CN202111214304 A CN 202111214304A CN 113960605 A CN113960605 A CN 113960605A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/10—Devices for predicting weather conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave raindrop spectrometer, which comprises a microwave transmitting unit, a microwave receiving unit, a microwave signal acquisition unit, a raindrop spectrum inversion unit and a communication unit, wherein the microwave transmitting unit is used for transmitting microwave signals with specific frequency points and polarization modes; the microwave receiving unit is used for receiving the microwave signal and generating microwave receiving power; the microwave signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power of the microwave transmitting unit and transmitting the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power to the raindrop spectrum inversion unit through the communication unit; the raindrop spectrum inversion unit is used for calculating microwave attenuation on a corresponding frequency point and a polarization mode according to the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power, and performing inversion on raindrop spectrum parameters; and an interval is arranged between the microwave transmitting unit and the microwave receiving unit. The method can acquire high-space representative near-ground raindrop spectrum data, and provides reference for scientific research on rainfall and remote sensing application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological automatic measurement and rainfall refinement information disclosure, in particular to a microwave raindrop spectrometer.
Background
Raindrop spectra are important parameters describing the spatial distribution of precipitation particles, which are defined as the number density of different size raindrops per unit volume. The raindrop spectrum data are key basic data of meteorological, hydrological and environmental fields such as cloud and rainfall physical research, radar quantitative rainfall estimation, artificial influence on weather, water and soil loss and the like, so that the raindrop spectrum is accurately acquired, and the raindrop spectrum data have important scientific significance and application value in aspects of scientific understanding of cloud and rain physics, effect evaluation of artificial rainfall enhancement operation, correction of an atmosphere remote sensing inversion model and the like.
Early raindrop spectrum measurements such as a filter paper color spot method, a flour ball method, an immersion method and the like require a large amount of manual participation and cannot be automatically measured. With the development of the photoelectric technology, various optical, imaging, impact and other raindrop spectrometers appear, the raindrop spectrum distribution can be automatically measured, but the sampling space is very small, most of the raindrop spectra are only dozens of square centimeters, the raindrop spectra of a single point can be measured, and the raindrop spectra cannot represent the large-scale rainfall condition. The dual-polarization weather radar can obtain the raindrop spectrum parameters through dual-polarization parameter inversion, can reflect the precipitation condition in the radar beam scanning range, but receives the influence of the curvature of the earth, the farther away from the radar, the higher the radar beam, and the high elevation radar echo can not completely reflect the precipitation actually falling to the near-ground. At present, no raindrop spectrum measuring means capable of acquiring higher spatial representativeness, being closer to the ground and representing a large range of actual precipitation exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microwave raindrop spectrometer, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, can obtain high-space representative near-ground raindrop spectrum data, and provides reference for scientific research and remote sensing application of rainfall.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a microwave raindrop spectrograph which comprises a microwave transmitting unit, a microwave receiving unit, a microwave signal acquisition unit, a raindrop spectrum inversion unit and a communication unit,
the microwave transmitting unit is used for transmitting microwave signals of a specific frequency point and a polarization mode;
the microwave receiving unit is used for receiving the microwave signal and generating microwave receiving power;
the microwave signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power of the microwave transmitting unit and transmitting the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power to the raindrop spectrum inversion unit through the communication unit;
the raindrop spectrum inversion unit is used for calculating microwave attenuation on a corresponding frequency point and a polarization mode according to the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power, and performing inversion on raindrop spectrum parameters;
and an interval is arranged between the microwave transmitting unit and the microwave receiving unit.
Optionally, the microwave transmitting unit includes a plurality of microwave transmitting devices and a transmitting end microwave antenna, and the plurality of microwave transmitting devices transmit the microwave signal through the transmitting end microwave antenna.
Optionally, the microwave transmitting device transmits a plurality of microwave signals, the frequency of the microwave signals is 10 GHz-80 GHz, the number of microwave frequency points is 2-3, the polarization mode includes horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, and the transmitting-end microwave antenna adopts a dual-frequency or multi-frequency or dual-polarization microwave antenna.
Optionally, the microwave transmitting unit is capable of implementing several modes of operation.
Optionally, the operating mode includes: 2-3 frequency points +1 random polarization mode, 1 frequency point +2 polarization modes, and 2-3 frequency points +2 polarization modes.
Optionally, the microwave receiving unit includes a plurality of receiving devices and a receiving end microwave antenna, and the receiving devices receive the microwave signals through the receiving end microwave antenna.
Optionally, the sampling rate of the receiving device is 10 seconds/time to 60 seconds/time, the resolution is 0.01dB to 0.1dB, and the receiving-end microwave antenna is a dual-frequency or multi-frequency or dual-polarization microwave antenna.
Optionally, the raindrop spectrum inversion unit performs raindrop spectrum parameter inversion according to the working mode.
Optionally, the interval is 500m to 10km, and the interval is adjusted according to the transmitting power of the microwave transmitting unit.
Optionally, the microwave raindrop spectrometer is also capable of calculating the rain intensity on the microwave propagation path.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the microwave raindrop spectrum instrument provided by the invention realizes the measurement of large-range raindrop spectrum parameters by utilizing the difference of raindrops with different shapes and spectrum distributions on microwave attenuation of different frequency bands and different polarizations, and can effectively obtain the average raindrop spectrum distribution characteristics on a microwave propagation path. Not only overcome current optics raindrop spectrometer not enough on the sampling space representativeness, controlled the hardware cost moreover, adopt ripe low-cost commercial microwave equipment to realize, the facilitate promotion is used.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave raindrop spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection process of a microwave raindrop spectrometer in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a microwave raindrop spectrometer, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the system comprises a microwave transmitting unit, a microwave receiving unit, a microwave signal acquisition unit, a raindrop spectrum inversion unit and a communication unit. The microwave transmitting unit and the microwave receiving unit are separated by a certain distance, the distance is between 500m and 10km, and the distance can be adjusted according to the transmitting power of the microwave transmitting unit.
The microwave transmitting unit is used for transmitting a plurality of microwave signals of specific frequency points and polarization modes required for carrying out raindrop spectrum inversion. The microwave transmitting unit comprises a plurality of transmitters and dual-frequency (or multi-frequency) or dual-polarization microwave antennas, and can transmit microwaves of 2-3 frequency points between 10GHz and 80GHz and 2 polarization modes of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization. The microwave transmitting unit has the following three working modes: 2-3 frequency points + a certain 1 polarization mode, 1 frequency point +2 polarization modes, and 2-3 frequency points +2 polarization modes, wherein under each working mode, a plurality of frequency bands or polarized microwaves can be sequentially transmitted and received or simultaneously transmitted and received;
the microwave receiving unit is used for detecting and outputting the microwave receiving power. The microwave receiving unit comprises a plurality of receivers and dual-frequency (or multi-frequency) or dual-polarization microwave antennas, wherein the receivers receive and quantize the receiving power of microwave signals of corresponding frequency points and polarization modes at a sampling rate of 10 seconds/time to 60 seconds/time and a resolution of 0.01dB to 0.1 dB;
the microwave signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring the transmitting power and the receiving power of the microwave in real time and sending the transmitting power and the receiving power to the raindrop spectrum inversion unit. Specifically, the microwave signal acquisition unit acquires the transmitting power of the microwave transmitting unit, the receiving power of the microwave receiving unit, corresponding parameters such as signal frequency and polarization in real time, and sends the parameters to the raindrop spectrum inversion unit through the internet of things module;
and the raindrop spectrum inversion unit calculates the microwave attenuation on the corresponding frequency point and the polarization mode according to the transmitting power and the receiving power corresponding to the plurality of frequency points and the polarization mode of the microwave, and then performs the inversion of the raindrop spectrum parameters. And the raindrop spectrum inversion unit calculates the raindrop spectrum according to the returned microwave signal, inverts to obtain raindrop spectrum parameters, and calculates the raindrop intensity according to the raindrop spectrum parameters. When the raindrop spectrum parameter inversion is carried out, different raindrop spectrum parameter inversion strategies are adopted according to different working modes:
(1) if the raindrop spectrum inversion unit can only obtain 2 measurement quantities, if the working mode of the microwave emission unit is 2 frequency points +1 polarization mode or 1 frequency point +2 polarization modes, inverting the MP raindrop spectrum N with double parametersMP(D) As shown in formula (1):
NMP(D)＝N0e-λD (1)
wherein D is the equivalent diameter (mm) of raindrops, N0Is a concentration parameter (m)-3mm-1) E is a natural constant and λ is a scale parameter (mm)-1)。
(2) If the raindrop spectrum inversion unit can obtain 3 or more than 3 measurement quantities, if the working mode of the microwave emission unit is 3 frequency points +1 polarization mode or 2-3 frequency points +2 polarization modes, the GAMMA raindrop spectrum N with three parameters is invertedGAMMA(D) As shown in formula (2):
NGAMMA(D)＝N0Dμe-λD (2)
wherein D is the equivalent diameter (mm) of raindrops, N0Is a concentration parameter (m)-3mm-1) E is a natural constant and λ is a scale parameter (mm)-1) μ is a shape factor (dimensionless).
When the microwave raindrop spectrometer in the embodiment is used for detecting a raindrop spectrum, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) determining the erection position, height and distance (such as 1km) of the microwave raindrop spectrometer;
(2) determining frequency points and polarization modes (such as 18/26GHz dual-frequency and horizontal/vertical dual-polarization) for transmitting and receiving microwaves, and determining the working mode (2 frequency points +2 polarization modes) and the time sequence (simultaneous transmission and reception) of microwave receiving and transmitting;
(3) respectively erecting a microwave transmitting unit and a microwave receiving unit, and respectively connecting a microwave signal acquisition unit with the microwave transmitting unit and the microwave receiving unit;
(4) the receiver can be ensured to receive the maximum receiving power by adjusting the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the antenna;
(5) the signal transmitting unit transmits signals of a specific frequency band and a polarization mode, and the receiving unit receives and quantizes received power;
(6) the microwave signal acquisition unit acquires the transmitting power and the receiving power of the microwave in real time, packs the transmitting power and the receiving power with parameters such as signal frequency, polarization and the like and then sends the packaged parameters to the raindrop spectrum inversion unit;
(7) the raindrop spectrum inversion unit calculates microwave attenuation on a corresponding frequency point and a polarization mode according to the transmitting power and the receiving power corresponding to a plurality of frequency points and polarization modes of microwaves, and then performs inversion of raindrop spectrum parameters and calculation of raininess;
(8) and (4) adjusting the microwave raindrop spectrometer according to the detection requirement, and repeating the steps (1) - (7).
The microwave raindrop spectrometer in the embodiment utilizes the difference of raindrops with different shapes and different spectrum distributions in attenuating microwaves with different frequency bands and different polarizations, so that the measurement of raindrop spectrum parameters in a large range is realized, and the average raindrop spectrum distribution characteristics on a microwave propagation path can be effectively obtained. Not only overcome current optics raindrop spectrometer not enough on the sampling space representativeness, controlled the hardware cost moreover, adopt ripe low-cost commercial microwave equipment to realize, the facilitate promotion is used.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its spirit and scope. Are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave raindrop spectrograph is characterized by comprising a microwave transmitting unit, a microwave receiving unit, a microwave signal acquisition unit, a raindrop spectrum inversion unit and a communication unit,
the microwave transmitting unit is used for transmitting microwave signals of a specific frequency point and a polarization mode;
the microwave receiving unit is used for receiving the microwave signal and generating microwave receiving power;
the microwave signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power of the microwave transmitting unit and transmitting the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power to the raindrop spectrum inversion unit through the communication unit;
the raindrop spectrum inversion unit is used for calculating microwave attenuation on a corresponding frequency point and a polarization mode according to the microwave transmitting power and the microwave receiving power, and performing inversion on raindrop spectrum parameters;
and an interval is arranged between the microwave transmitting unit and the microwave receiving unit.
2. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the microwave transmitting unit comprises a plurality of microwave transmitting devices and a transmitting end microwave antenna, and the plurality of microwave transmitting devices transmit the microwave signals through the transmitting end microwave antenna.
3. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 2, wherein the microwave transmitting device transmits a plurality of microwave signals, the frequency of the microwave signals is 10 GHz-80 GHz, the number of microwave frequency points is 2-3, the polarization mode includes horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, and the transmitting end microwave antenna is a dual-frequency or multi-frequency or dual-polarization microwave antenna.
4. A microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 3, characterised in that the microwave transmitting unit is capable of several modes of operation.
5. A microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 4, characterised in that the operating modes include: 2-3 frequency points +1 random polarization mode, 1 frequency point +2 polarization modes, and 2-3 frequency points +2 polarization modes.
6. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the microwave receiving unit comprises a plurality of receiving devices and a receiving end microwave antenna, wherein the receiving devices receive the microwave signals through the receiving end microwave antenna.
7. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 6, wherein the sampling rate of the receiving device is 10-60 s/s, the resolution is 0.01-0.1 dB, and the receiving end microwave antenna is a dual-frequency or multi-frequency or dual-polarization microwave antenna.
8. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 5, wherein the raindrop spectrum inversion unit performs raindrop spectrum parameter inversion according to the operation mode.
9. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the interval is 500m to 10km, and the interval is adjusted according to the transmission power of the microwave transmitting unit.
10. The microwave raindrop spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the microwave raindrop spectrometer is further capable of calculating the rain intensity on the microwave propagation path.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114545417A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-05-27 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Raindrop spectrum inversion method and device based on optimal parameters |
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| CN111474606A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Rainfall and water vapor comprehensive measurement device and method based on dual-frequency dual-polarization microwave link |
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- 2021-10-19 CN CN202111214304.4A patent/CN113960605A/en active Pending
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| US20180120418A1 (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-03 | National University Of Defense Technology | Method for Regional Attenuation Correction of Radar using a Microwave Links Network |
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