CN106547037A - The united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link and type of precipitation recognition methodss - Google Patents
The united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link and type of precipitation recognition methodss Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link and type of precipitation recognition methodss, comprise the steps, the average rainfall intensity in rain attenuation information inverting path based on double frequency dual-polarization microwave link, first, the rain attenuation intensity in different frequency, different polarization direction is measured using microwave transmitter and receiver;Then, parameter is composed using the rainfall of dampening information inverting path, finally, be calculated path precipitation intensity using spectrum parameter, and carry out precipitation identification;The method has fully excavated microwave rain attenuation information, and the rain information of declining is converted into rainfall data using the means of inverting, the characteristics of with high-spatial and temporal resolution.Simultaneously as the method for employing joint attenuated differential, eliminates the impact of non-rain factor, improves inversion accuracy.This method can be put in meteorological observation business as a kind of new method of precipitation measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of weather information is processed and application, more particularly to the rain based on microwave transmission process causes to decline
Subtract process and the application of information, more particularly relate to believe for the rain attenuation of double frequency, dual-polarization microwave link
The inverting of breath.
Background technology
The real-time of measurement rainfall is with accuracy for aspect tools such as the military guarantees of meteorological research, disaster alarm and army
It is of great significance.At present, what is come into operation in meteorological observation business mainly has pluviometer, weather radar and survey rain
Satellite etc., pluviometer spot measurement are more accurate, but spatial resolution is low, and in complex area, networking is difficult, and increases cost;
Although the spatial and temporal resolution that weather radar surveys rain is high, accuracy is poor, and can be subject to clutter recognition;Surveying rain satellite has larger
Spatial resolution, but its temporal resolution with survey rain accuracy cannot meet practical business requirement.
The dampening information inverting earth's surface rainfall intensity propagated using microwave communication signals is the new of Rainfall estimation in the last few years
Method, the method have time-space resolution it is high, using advantages such as existing communication equipments.At present, decayed using single-frequency microwave link
The method Main Basiss rain of information retrieving precipitation declines power law empirical relation, by the path microwave rain attenuation information surveyed, instead
Drill and obtain path mean precipitation intensity.However, the decay that non-rain factor is caused can affect inversion accuracy, therefore, by excavating
The microwave rain attenuation information of double frequency, dual-polarization microwave link, carries out the process of joint attenuated differential, retrieving precipitation spectrum parameter to which
Become more meticulous information Deng precipitation, while processing to the polarization fading of level, vertical direction, recognize type of precipitation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of effective precipitation measuring, can accurately measure precipitation intensity in real time.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme is that, a kind of united rain of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link
Drop-size distribution inverting and type of precipitation recognition methodss, comprise the steps,
Step 1 inverting Gamma composes parameter:Two-band is measured both horizontally and vertically using microwave transmitter and receiver
The rain attenuation intensity of polarization direction, the average rainfall in rain attenuation information inverting path based on double frequency dual-polarization microwave link are strong
Degree, first, measures the rain attenuation intensity in different frequency, different polarization direction using microwave transmitter and receiver;Then, profit
Parameter is composed with the rainfall of dampening information inverting path, finally, path precipitation intensity is calculated using spectrum parameter, and is carried out precipitation knowledge
Not;Comprise the following steps that:
Step 1.1 measures the rain attenuation of different frequency microwave transmission using microwave transmitter and receiver:Af1、Af2, it is single
Position is dB/km, f1、f2For different frequency, attenuated differential process is carried out to which, obtain the double frequency differential attenuation rate factor:
In formula,It is that incident wave frequency is f1、f2Polarization direction is the horizontal differential attenuation factor, Cext,hIt is incidence wave
The Extinction Cross of precipitation particles during horizontal polarization, factor is relevant with incident wave frequency, particle equivalent diameter etc. for which;D is precipitation grain
Sub- equivalent diameter;N (D) is precipitation particles Gamma Spectral structures;The Extinction Cross C of precipitation particlesext,hCalculated using T matrixes.
Step 1.2 causes to decline using the rain that microwave transmitter and receiver measure the direction microwave transmission of same frequency different polarization
Subtract:Ah、Av, h represents incidence wave horizontal polarization, and v represents incidence wave vertical polarization;Attenuated differential process is carried out to which, obtains double inclined
Shake the differential attenuation factor:
In formula, AhvIt is that incident wave frequency is f1Polarization direction is respectively level, the polarization fading factor of vertical direction, Cext,v
For incident wave frequency be vertical polarization when precipitation particles Extinction Cross.
Step 1.3 simultaneous (1), (2) formula, eliminate the influence of fading of non-rain factor, using joint decay iterative algorithm, connection
Gamma distributed constants are closed, inverting obtains Gamma spectrum parameters.
Step 2 calculates path rainfall intensity:The Gamma obtained based on step 1 composes parameter, according to formula:
Rainfall intensity
It is calculated rainfall intensity, end speeds of the wherein V (D) for precipitation particles.
Step 3 recognizes type of precipitation, and which concretely comprises the following steps:The Gamma raindrop size distribution parameters obtained using step 1, are calculated
To the dual-polarization differential attenuation rate factor, A is carried out to whichDRProcess, and combine support vector machine (SVM), according to the polarization differential factor
With the relation of rain drop shapes, type of precipitation is recognized, its idiographic flow is as follows:
(1), the rain attenuation A to incidence wave horizontal polarizationhWith the rain attenuation A of incidence wave vertical polarizationvCarry out ADRPlace
Reason:
(2) precipitation particles classification of type is carried out by different threshold intervals to income value,;
(3), type of precipitation identification model is set up using SVM, model instruction is carried out according to the threshold interval of gained in step (2)
Practice, set up stable identification model, recognize type of precipitation.
Also include, identification type of precipitation different to the polarization rain attenuation information using different precipitation shape of particle.
The rainfall spectrum parameter of inverting obeys Gamma Spectral structures.
Stagewise end speed method is taken to raindrop end speed, based on Gamma Spectral structures, inverting sequential rainfall.
For type of precipitation recognition methodss include but is not limited to support vector machine.
For the computational methods of Extinction Cross include but is not limited to T matrix computational approach.
Beneficial effect:Compared with existing survey rain means, beneficial effects of the present invention:Double frequency dual-polarization proposed by the present invention is micro-
Ripple rainfall joint inversion method, causes microwave attenuation information to carry out abundant excavation rain, by carrying out at difference to rain attenuation
Reason, inverting obtain the spectrum parameter of path raindrop size distribution;Meanwhile, according to impact of the rain drop shapes to different polarization microwave, polarized
Differential sampling parameter, and then obtain type of precipitation.The spatial and temporal resolution of the present invention is also better than traditional method.The method is fully excavated
The rain information of declining is converted into rainfall data using the means of inverting, the spy with high-spatial and temporal resolution by microwave rain attenuation information
Point.Simultaneously as the method for employing joint attenuated differential, eliminates the impact of non-rain factor, improves inversion accuracy.This
Method can be put in meteorological observation business as a kind of new method of precipitation measurement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the double frequency dual-polarization microwave rainfall joint inversion operating diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the double frequency dual-polarization microwave rainfall joint inversion flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the analogue simulation rainfall intensity experimental result picture of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is different to microwave attenuation information using the rainfall of different frequency range and different polarization mode, joint inversion drop
Rain information, according to scattering theory, is calculated the information such as raindrop size distribution, rainfall intensity and raindrop particle types, mainly includes as follows
Step:
Step one:As shown in figure 1, microwave transmitter is in the case of rainfall, along three microwave links of same outlet openings,
Its concrete transmitting situation is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
By the microwave receiver of the other end, measurement obtains the microwave rain attenuation of three links:
Wherein, h represents incidence wave horizontal polarization, and v represents incidence wave vertical polarization.
Step 2:Microwave rain attenuation to three links measured by step one carries out joint difference processing, eliminates non-
The impact of rain factor, obtains differential attenuation factors Ahh、Ahv:
In above-mentioned relation,For the Extinction Cross of precipitation particles, mainly with particle size, temperature and incident wave frequency
Relevant, the method in the present invention using T matrixes calculates the Extinction Cross of precipitation particles.N (D) is Gamma rain-induced attenuations, distribution
Formula is:
N (D)=N0·De μ·exp(-Λ·De)
In formula, N0For population density, μ is form factor, and Λ is scale factor, DeFor particle equivalent diameter.
Step 3:To obtain Gamma spectrum parameters, joint decay iterative processing is carried out to the differential attenuation relation of step 2,
By combining decay iterative method, eliminating non-rain attenuation factor affects to obtain Extinction Cross based on T matrix calculus, combines raindrop size distribution
Parameter iteration, is finally inversed by population density, form factor and the scale parameter for meeting precision.
Step 4:Using the raindrop size distribution parameter of step 3 inverting, with reference to the end speed of raindrop landing, according to formula (3), calculate
Obtain the sequential rainfall intensity of parameter is composed based on Gamma, wherein raindrop landing end speed adopts stagewise end speed method, concrete side
Method is shown below:
In formula, D is particle size.
Step 5:Type of precipitation identification, carries out A using the dual-polarization differential attenuation factorDRProcess, concrete grammar such as following formula
Through ADRAfter process, including but not limited to type of precipitation identification is carried out using support vector machine (SVM).
With reference to the concrete steps of the theoretical method explanation type of precipitation identification of SVM:
(1), the decay to horizontal and vertical two kinds of polarization directions carries out ADRProcess, different threshold intervals is pressed to income value
Carry out precipitation particles classification of type;
(2), type of precipitation identification model is set up using SVM, model instruction is carried out according to the threshold interval of gained in step (1)
Practice, set up stable identification model.
Although description above describe complete embodiment, including the differential attenuation factor acquisition, joint decay iteration it is anti-
Drill raindrop size distribution parameter, calculate based on the sequential rainfall of Gamma Spectral structures, the identification of type of precipitation, but be not limited to above-mentioned act
Example.Those skilled in the art, the modification made in the essential scope of the present invention, modification or replacement, should belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link and type of precipitation recognition methodss, it is characterized in that including as
Lower step, based on the average rainfall intensity in rain attenuation information inverting path of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link, first, using microwave
Transmitter and receiver measures the rain attenuation intensity in different frequency, different polarization direction;Then, using dampening information inverting road
Footpath rainfall spectrum parameter, finally, is calculated path precipitation intensity using spectrum parameter, and carries out precipitation identification;
Step 1 inverting Gamma composes parameter:Two-band polarization both horizontally and vertically is measured using microwave transmitter and receiver
The rain attenuation intensity in direction, processes differential attenuation information inverting path rainfall spectrum parameter using the method for joint decay iteration,
Comprise the following steps that:
Step 1.1 measures the rain attenuation of different frequency microwave transmission using microwave transmitter and receiver:Unit
For dB/km, f1、f2For different frequency, attenuated differential process is carried out to which, obtain the double frequency differential attenuation rate factor:
In formula, Cext,hThe Extinction Cross of precipitation particles when being incidence wave horizontal polarization, itself and incident wave frequency, particle equivalent diameter
It is relevant etc. factor;D is precipitation particles equivalent diameter;N (D) is precipitation particles Gamma Spectral structures;The Extinction Cross of precipitation particles
Cext,hCalculated using T matrixes;
Step 1.2 measures the rain attenuation of same frequency different polarization direction microwave transmission using microwave transmitter and receiver:
Ah、Av, h represents horizontal polarization, and v represents vertical polarization;Attenuated differential process is carried out to which, the dual-polarization differential attenuation factor is obtained:
In formula, AhvIt is that incident wave frequency is f1Polarization direction is respectively level, the polarization fading factor of vertical direction, Cext,vTo enter
The Extinction Cross of precipitation particles during ejected wave vertical polarization.
Step 1.3 simultaneous (1), (2) formula, eliminate the influence of fading of non-rain factor, using joint decay iterative algorithm, joint
Gamma distributed constants, inverting obtain Gamma spectrum parameters;
Step 2 calculates path rainfall intensity:The Gamma obtained based on step 1 composes parameter, according to formula:
It is calculated rainfall intensity, end speeds of the wherein V (D) for precipitation particles;
Step 3 recognizes type of precipitation, and which concretely comprises the following steps:The Gamma raindrop size distribution parameters obtained using step 1, are calculated double
The polarization differential attenuation rate factor, carries out A to whichDRProcess, and combine support vector machine (SVM), according to the polarization differential factor and rain
The relation of drop shape, recognizes type of precipitation.
2. the side that the united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link according to claim 1 and type of precipitation are recognized
Method, it is characterised in that also include carrying out double frequency dual-polarization rain attenuation information the process of joint attenuated differential, eliminate non-rainfall because
Decay caused by plain, takes decay iterative algorithm, combines Gamma Spectral structure parameters, inverting rainfall spectrum parameter.
3. the side that the united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link according to claim 1 and type of precipitation are recognized
Method, it is characterised in that also include, identification precipitation class different to the polarization rain attenuation information using different precipitation shape of particle
Type.
4. the united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link according to claim 1 and 2 and type of precipitation identification
Method, it is characterised in that also including inverting rainfall spectrum parameter obey Gamma Spectral structures.
5. the united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 and type of precipitation
Know method for distinguishing, it is characterised in that stagewise end speed method is taken to raindrop end speed, based on Gamma Spectral structures, inverting sequential
Rainfall.
6. the united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 and type of precipitation
Know method for distinguishing, it is characterised in that for type of precipitation recognition methodss include but is not limited to support vector machine.
7. the united raindrop size distribution inverting of double frequency dual-polarization microwave link according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 and type of precipitation
Know method for distinguishing, it is characterised in that for the computational methods of Extinction Cross include but is not limited to T matrix computational approach.
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