CN113960510A - Coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing seat and testing system testing method - Google Patents
Coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing seat and testing system testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113960510A CN113960510A CN202111218507.0A CN202111218507A CN113960510A CN 113960510 A CN113960510 A CN 113960510A CN 202111218507 A CN202111218507 A CN 202111218507A CN 113960510 A CN113960510 A CN 113960510A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/1253—Measuring galvano-magnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
- G01R1/0408—Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
- G01R1/0408—Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets
- G01R1/0425—Test clips, e.g. for IC's
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/28—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of material electromagnetic parameter measurement, in particular to a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter test seat, a test system and a test method. The clamping part to be tested and the two cable supports of the test seat are arranged on the base, the two cable supports are arranged on two sides of the clamping part to be tested respectively, one end of the test cable penetrates through a through hole in the cable support to be in threaded connection with the coaxial clamp, the through hole is tightly matched with the through hole, the test cable can be fixed well, the cable is prevented from shaking randomly in the calibration and test connection process, the coaxial clamp to be tested is prevented from moving unnecessarily, the phase stability in the test process is guaranteed, and the test error is reduced. Two via holes and coaxial fixture are coaxial, sliding connection between cable support and the base guarantees that the port of the test cable that coaxial fixture both ends are connected is at same water flat line, and the test cable of being convenient for is connected with coaxial fixture, guarantees the accuracy of connecting many times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material electromagnetic parameter measurement, in particular to a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter test seat, a test system and a test method.
Background
The material electromagnetic parameter testing seat is a very key part in the whole material parameter testing system, is an important device which is used for calibrating the system and installing a tested sample and is connected with a vector network analyzer to form a closed loop testing system, and the testing seat design is good and bad and directly influences the testing precision of the vector network analyzer. The quality indexes of the test socket mainly include two points:
(1) the material sample can be conveniently and repeatedly installed, and the installation consistency of each time is ensured;
(2) the test system is convenient to calibrate, and the test seat is guaranteed to be as stable as possible.
In the conventional transmission line waveguide test method, a test socket is composed of a coaxial waveguide switch, a waveguide section and a material sample holder. The test seat has the advantages of relatively simple structure and easy realization; the defects are that the test frequency band is narrow, the stability is poor, the waveguide movement is large in the calibration process, the cable jitter is large in the sample (to-be-tested piece) installation process, the measurement precision and the stability of a measurement system are affected, and the existing material electromagnetic parameter test seat cannot meet the test requirement along with the higher and higher requirement on the test precision.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing seat which can provide better fixation for a testing cable, improve the testing stability of a testing system, reduce testing errors, have wide testing frequency band and improve testing efficiency.
The invention also provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing system with the testing seat.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a method for testing the electromagnetic parameters of the coaxial annular material by using the testing system.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a coaxial ring material electromagnetic parameter testing seat, including:
a base;
the clamping part of the piece to be tested is arranged on the base and at least comprises a coaxial clamp, the coaxial clamp is cylindrical and made of metal materials, and the two ends of the coaxial clamp are provided with external threads which are used for being in threaded connection with the test cable; and
two cable holders set separately on two sides of the clamping part, and the cable holders have via holes for the test cable to pass through, the test cable is tightly matched with the via holes, and the two via holes are coaxial with the coaxial fixture and fixed on the base in sliding mode and can move axially along the coaxial fixture.
Preferably, the clamping part of the piece to be tested further comprises a clamp support, the clamp support is fixed on the base, and a jaw for clamping the coaxial clamp is arranged on the clamp support.
Preferably, the clip support is L-shaped, with the jaws being provided at the ends of the clip support.
Preferably, the outer periphery of the coaxial clamp is provided with a limit groove matched with the jaw.
Preferably, the stopper groove is located at an intermediate position in the axial direction of the coaxial jig.
Preferably, the cable support comprises a moving block and a fixed block, a lower semicircular groove is formed in the upper end face of the fixed block, an upper semicircular groove is formed in the lower end face of the moving block, when the lower end face of the moving block is connected with the upper end face of the fixed block, a through hole is formed in the upper semicircular groove and the lower semicircular groove, the moving block is connected with the fixed block through a locking screw, and the distance between the moving block and the fixed block can be adjusted through adjusting the locking screw.
Preferably, the base comprises two vertical plates arranged at intervals, the upper sides of the two vertical plates are provided with a guide rail and a support rod which are arranged in parallel, and the guide rail and the support rod are respectively connected with the two vertical plates;
the cable support is provided with a sliding block matched with the guide rail, the cable support is arranged on the guide rail through the sliding block, and the clamping part of the piece to be tested is arranged on the supporting rod.
Preferably, a connecting rod for connecting the two vertical plates is arranged between the two vertical plates.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing system, which comprises any one of the coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing seats in the first aspect;
one end of a test cable is connected with a transmitting port of the vector network analyzer, the other end of the test cable penetrates through a through hole in one cable support to be coaxially and threadedly connected with one end of the coaxial clamp, one end of another test cable is connected with a receiving port of the vector network analyzer, the other end of the test cable penetrates through a through hole in the other cable support to be coaxially and threadedly connected with the other end of the coaxial clamp, and the test cable is used for measuring and obtaining S parameters of a piece to be tested; and
and the computer is in signal connection with the vector network analyzer and is used for setting parameters of the test system, receiving S parameters measured by the vector network analyzer and processing the S parameters to obtain electromagnetic parameters of the piece to be tested.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a coaxial ring material electromagnetic parameter testing method, where any one of the coaxial ring material electromagnetic parameter testing systems in the second aspect is adopted, including the following steps:
s1, setting system parameters on the computer according to the test requirements;
and S2, calibrating the two ports of the measurement system, namely disconnecting the coaxial clamp from the test cable, and then sequentially connecting the open-circuit calibration piece, the short-circuit calibration piece and the matched load calibration piece on the coaxial clamp for calibration.
S3, coaxially and tightly fitting the annular piece to be tested into a coaxial clamp, connecting the two ends of the test cable and the coaxial clamp in a threaded manner to form a closed test loop, and inputting the axial lengths of the piece to be tested and the coaxial clamp on a computer;
s4, carrying out frequency sweep measurement by the vector network analyzer to obtain S parameters of the piece to be measured;
and S5, processing the obtained S parameters of the piece to be measured by a computer to obtain electromagnetic parameters of the piece to be measured.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter test seat which comprises a base, a to-be-tested piece clamping part and two cable supports, wherein the to-be-tested piece clamping part and the two cable supports are arranged on the base, the two cable supports are respectively arranged on two sides of the to-be-tested piece clamping part, through holes for test cables to pass through are formed in the cable supports, one end of each test cable can pass through the through hole to be in threaded connection with a coaxial clamp, the test cables are tightly matched with the through holes, the test cables can be well fixed, the cables are prevented from randomly shaking in the calibration and test connection processes, unnecessary movement of the to-be-tested piece parallel coaxial clamps is avoided, the phase stability in the test process is ensured, and the test error is reduced. Two via holes and coaxial fixture are coaxial, are sliding connection between cable support and the base, and the axial displacement of coaxial fixture can be followed to the cable support, and adjustment cable support and coaxial fixture are at axial distance, can guarantee that the port of the test cable that coaxial fixture both ends are connected is on same water flat line, and the test cable of being convenient for is connected with coaxial fixture, guarantees the accuracy of connecting many times. Compared with the existing waveguide test seat, the test seat can be used for completing the test of the whole frequency band at one time, and the test efficiency is improved.
The coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing system provided by the invention can better fix a testing cable, has a wide testing frequency band, and improves the testing accuracy and the testing efficiency.
The coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing method provided by the invention can better fix a testing cable, has high testing accuracy and high testing efficiency, and can simplify the steps after testing compared with the method for testing the frequency band by adopting the existing waveguide testing seat.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the proportion and the number of the components in the drawings do not necessarily correspond to those of an actual product.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial ring material electromagnetic parameter testing seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partially exploded view of the electromagnetic parameter test socket of FIG. 1 from another angle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the electromagnetic parameter test socket of FIG. 1 at a further angle;
fig. 4 is an exploded view of a clamping portion of a device under test according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1: a base; 11: a vertical plate; 12: a guide rail; 13: a support bar; 14: a connecting rod;
2: a clamping part of the piece to be tested; 21: a coaxial clamp; 211: a limiting groove; 22: a clamp bracket; 221: a jaw;
3: a cable holder; 31: a fixed block; 311: a lower semicircular groove; 32: a moving block; 321: an upper semicircular groove; 33: locking the screw; 34: a via hole; 35: a slider;
4: and testing the cable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing base provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a base 1, a clamping portion 2 of a to-be-tested piece and two cable brackets 3, wherein the clamping portion 2 of the to-be-tested piece and the two cable brackets 3 are both arranged on the base 1, the two cable brackets 3 are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping portion 2 of the to-be-tested piece, a through hole 34 for a testing cable to pass through is arranged on the cable bracket 3, one end of the testing cable 4 can pass through the through hole 34 and is in threaded connection with a coaxial clamp 21, and the testing cable 4 is tightly matched with the through hole 34. The two through holes 34 are coaxially arranged with the coaxial clamp 21, the coaxial clamp 21 is a cylinder made of a metal material, the cable support 3 is in sliding connection with the base 1, the cable support 3 can move along the axial direction of the coaxial clamp 21, and the axial distance between the cable support 3 and the coaxial clamp 21 is adjusted.
When the coaxial clamp is used, the annular piece to be tested is coaxially embedded into the cavity of the coaxial clamp 21, the outer periphery side of the annular piece to be tested is tightly attached to the cavity wall of the coaxial clamp, the test cable 4 penetrates through the through hole 34, and the end part of the test cable is in threaded connection with the coaxial clamp 21. The material electromagnetic parameter test seat can better fix the test cable 4 and the piece to be tested, prevent the cable from randomly shaking in the calibration and test connection process, ensure the phase stability in the test process, reduce the test error and avoid unnecessary movement of the coaxial clamp for the piece to be tested. Meanwhile, the ports of the test cables 4 connected with the two ends of the coaxial clamp 21 can be ensured to be on the same horizontal line, so that the test cables 4 are conveniently connected with the coaxial clamp 21, and the accuracy of multiple connection is ensured.
In addition, compared with the existing waveguide test socket, the test socket in the embodiment is used for testing, so that the test system can have a wider test frequency band, for example, a 2.6 GHz-18 GHz frequency band, the waveguide method is used for testing, waveguides with different sizes need to be replaced by five frequency bands, and the test socket in the embodiment can be used for completing the test of the whole frequency band at one time, and the test efficiency is improved.
In order to facilitate the fixing of the coaxial clamp 21, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the clamping portion 2 of the object to be tested further includes a clamp bracket 22, the clamp bracket 22 is fixed on the base 1, and a jaw 221 for clamping the coaxial clamp 21 is disposed on the clamp bracket 22.
Referring to FIG. 4, in a preferred embodiment, the clip support 22 is L-shaped and the jaws 221 are disposed at the ends of the clip support 22 to minimize interference with other components while securing the coaxial clip 21 in place.
In order to facilitate installation of the coaxial clamp 21, secure fixation, and accurate fixation position, it is further preferable that a limit groove 211 matching with the jaw 221 is provided on the outer circumferential side of the coaxial clamp 21. For example, if the jaw 221 is a rectangular jaw, three sides of the outer periphery of the coaxial clamp 21 are provided with grooves, and the grooves on the three sides are communicated to form a U-shaped limiting groove, and the U-shaped limiting groove is tightly attached to the inner wall of the rectangular jaw, so that the jaw 221 is matched with the limiting groove 211, the coaxial clamp 21 can be quickly installed and fixed, and the position of the coaxial clamp cannot deviate after repeated assembly and disassembly. Preferably, the stopper groove 211 is located at an intermediate position in the axial direction of the coaxial jig 21.
In order to test the passing and installation of the cable 4, in some preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the cable holder 3 includes a moving block 32 and a fixed block 31, an upper end surface of the fixed block 31 is provided with a lower semicircular groove 311, a lower end surface of the moving block 32 is provided with an upper semicircular groove 321, when the lower end surface of the moving block 32 is in contact with the upper end surface of the fixed block 31, the upper semicircular groove 321 and the lower semicircular groove 311 form a via hole 34, the moving block 32 is connected with the fixed block 31 through a locking screw 33, the distance between the moving block 32 and the fixed block 31 can be adjusted by adjusting the locking screw 33, when the test cable 4 needs to pass through the through hole 34, the locking screw 33 can be unscrewed, the distance between the moving block 32 and the fixed block 31 is increased, the test cable can easily pass through the through hole 34, and then the locking screw 33 is screwed to fix the test cable 4, so that the test cable 4 is tightly matched with the through hole 34.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the base 1 includes two vertical plates 11 disposed at an interval, a guide rail 12 and a support rod 13 are disposed on the upper sides of the two vertical plates 11, the guide rail 12 and the support rod 13 are disposed in parallel, and the guide rail 12 and the support rod 13 are respectively connected to the two vertical plates 11. Be equipped with the slider 35 with guide rail 12 matched with on the cable support 3, the cable support 3 passes through slider 35 and installs at guide rail 12, and the piece clamping part 2 that awaits measuring is installed at bracing piece 13.
In order to further improve the stability of the base 1, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a connecting rod 14 for connecting the two vertical plates 11 is disposed between the two vertical plates 11.
The embodiment also provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing system, which can adopt any one of the coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing seats as a testing seat, and further comprises a vector network analyzer and a computer. The vector network analyzer is provided with a transmitting port and a receiving port and is connected with the coaxial clamp through two testing cables. One end of one test cable is connected with the transmitting port of the vector network analyzer, and the other end of the test cable penetrates through one cable bracketThe through hole is coaxially and threadedly connected with one end of the coaxial clamp, one end of another test cable is connected with a receiving port of the vector network analyzer, and the other end of the test cable penetrates through the through hole on the other cable bracket and is coaxially and threadedly connected with the other end of the coaxial clamp to form a test closed loop for measuring and obtaining S parameters of the piece to be tested, wherein the S parameters comprise transmission parameters S21And a reflection parameter S11. And the computer is in signal connection with the vector network analyzer and is used for setting parameters of the test system, receiving S parameters measured by the vector network analyzer and processing the S parameters to obtain electromagnetic parameters of the piece to be tested. The test system is simple in structure, good fixation is provided for a test cable, test stability is improved, and test errors are reduced.
It should be noted that the test cable, the vector network analyzer, and the computer are all in the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The embodiment also provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing method, which can be used for testing by adopting any one of the coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing systems, and comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the system parameters are set on the computer according to the test requirements, and the system parameters required to be set are well known in the art and are not described herein again.
The second step is that: the method comprises the steps of calibrating two ports of a measuring system, firstly disconnecting a coaxial clamp from a test cable, and then sequentially connecting an open-circuit calibrating piece, a short-circuit calibrating piece and a matched load calibrating piece on the coaxial clamp for calibration, wherein the calibration process and the needed calibrating piece are the prior art in the field and are not described herein again.
The third step: the annular piece to be tested is coaxially and tightly assembled into the coaxial clamp, the two ends of the test cable and the two ends of the coaxial clamp are in threaded connection to form a closed loop for testing, and the axial length of the piece to be tested and the axial length of the coaxial clamp are input into a computer. When the to-be-tested piece needs to be replaced or the testing quantity needs to be retested for many times, the uniformity of the testing position can be ensured, the test cable is prevented from shaking and moving in the test, the test error is reduced, and the test efficiency and the test precision are improved.
The fourth step: and carrying out frequency sweep measurement by the vector network analyzer to obtain the S parameter of the piece to be measured.
The fifth step: and processing by a computer to obtain the electromagnetic parameters of the piece to be measured.
It should be noted that the working process of the vector network analyzer and the processing of the S parameter by the computer are the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: each embodiment does not include only one independent technical solution, and in the case of no conflict between the solutions, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments can be combined in any way to form other embodiments which can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof, without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the essence of the corresponding technical solutions does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coaxial ring material electromagnetic parameter test seat, comprising:
a base;
the clamping part of the piece to be tested is arranged on the base and at least comprises a coaxial clamp, the coaxial clamp is cylindrical and made of metal materials, and external threads are arranged at two ends of the coaxial clamp and are used for being in threaded connection with a test cable; and
two cable support set up respectively the both sides of a clamping part that awaits measuring, be equipped with the confession on the cable support the via hole that test cable passed, test cable with the via hole tight fit, two the via hole with the coaxial setting of coaxial anchor clamps, cable support slidable fixes the base can be followed coaxial anchor clamps's axial displacement.
2. A material electromagnetic parameter test socket according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping part to be tested further comprises a clamp support, the clamp support is fixed to the base, and a jaw used for clamping the coaxial clamp is arranged on the clamp support.
3. A material electromagnetic parameter testing nest according to claim 2, characterized by: the clamp support is L-shaped, and the jaw is arranged at the end part of the clamp support.
4. A material electromagnetic parameter testing nest according to claim 2 or 3 characterized by: and a limiting groove matched with the jaw is arranged on the peripheral side of the coaxial clamp.
5. The material electromagnetic parameter test socket of claim 4, wherein: the limiting groove is located in the middle of the coaxial clamp in the axial direction.
6. A material electromagnetic parameter test socket according to claim 1, wherein: the cable support comprises a moving block and a fixed block, a lower semicircular groove is formed in the upper end face of the fixed block, an upper semicircular groove is formed in the lower end face of the moving block, when the lower end face of the moving block is connected with the upper end face of the fixed block, the upper semicircular groove and the lower semicircular groove form a through hole, the moving block is connected with the fixed block through a locking screw, and the distance between the moving block and the fixed block can be adjusted through adjusting the locking screw.
7. A material electromagnetic parameter test socket according to claim 1, wherein: the base comprises two vertical plates which are arranged at intervals, guide rails and support rods are arranged on the upper sides of the two vertical plates and are arranged in parallel, and the guide rails and the support rods are respectively connected with the two vertical plates;
the cable support is provided with a sliding block matched with the guide rail, the cable support is installed on the guide rail through the sliding block, and the clamping part of the piece to be tested is installed on the supporting rod.
8. The material electromagnetic parameter test socket of claim 7, wherein: a connecting rod for connecting the two vertical plates is arranged between the two vertical plates.
9. The utility model provides a coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter test system which characterized in that: comprising a coaxial ring material electromagnetic parameter test socket according to any of claims 1-8;
one end of a test cable is connected with a transmitting port of the vector network analyzer, the other end of the test cable penetrates through a through hole in one cable support to be coaxially and threadedly connected with one end of the coaxial clamp, one end of another test cable is connected with a receiving port of the vector network analyzer, the other end of the test cable penetrates through a through hole in the other cable support to be coaxially and threadedly connected with the other end of the coaxial clamp, and the test cable is used for measuring and obtaining S parameters of a piece to be tested; and
and the computer is in signal connection with the vector network analyzer and is used for setting parameters of a test system, receiving S parameters measured by the vector network analyzer and processing the S parameters to obtain electromagnetic parameters of the piece to be tested.
10. A coaxial annular material electromagnetic parameter testing method is characterized in that: testing with the material electromagnetic parameter testing system of claim 9, comprising the steps of:
s1, setting system parameters on the computer according to the test requirements;
s2, calibrating two ports of the measurement system, namely disconnecting the coaxial clamp from the test cable, and then sequentially connecting an open-circuit calibration piece, a short-circuit calibration piece and a matched load calibration piece on the coaxial clamp for calibration;
s3, coaxially and tightly fitting the annular piece to be tested into the coaxial clamp, connecting the two ends of the test cable and the two ends of the coaxial clamp in a threaded manner to form a closed test loop, and inputting the axial lengths of the piece to be tested and the coaxial clamp on the computer;
s4, carrying out frequency sweep measurement by the vector network analyzer to obtain S parameters of the piece to be measured;
and S5, processing the obtained S parameters of the piece to be measured by the computer to obtain the electromagnetic parameters of the piece to be measured.
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