CN113960085A - Efficient measurement method for grain size of nonferrous metal polycrystalline material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency measuring method for grain size of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, which relates to the technical field of grain size measurement and aims to solve the problems of complex measuring process, low measuring efficiency and high measuring cost in the prior art for measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: precisely milling the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample; step two: grating type scribing processing of V-shaped grooves on the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample; step three: observing the surface of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample by using an optical microscope; step four: calculating the average grain size of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample; the method adopts the diamond sharp knife to etch and machine the V-shaped groove on the surface of the nonferrous metal, realizes the measurement of the grain size on the surface of the sample through the observation of an optical microscope, thereby realizing the high-efficiency measurement of the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, and the method has simple operation and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grain size measurement, in particular to grain size measurement of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, and more particularly relates to the technical field of an efficient grain size measurement method of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material.
Background
The grain size of the metal polycrystalline material obviously influences the mechanical property and the processing property of the material, the grain size of the metal prepared by different forming processes is obviously different, taking the aluminum alloy as an example, the grain size of the aluminum alloy prepared by a rapid solidification method can be smaller than 10 mu m, while the grain size of the aluminum alloy prepared by a common mechanical vibration method is about 20-500 mu m, foreign scholars carry out a great deal of research on the preparation process of the metal, and the measurement of the grain size of the material is an extremely important link in the preparation and performance evaluation of the material.
At present, the method for measuring the grain size of nonferrous metal materials mainly comprises a corrosion method and an Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) method, wherein the corrosion method is a common method for measuring the grain size of metal materials, the method firstly polishes the surface of the materials to enable the surface roughness to reach the nanometer level, then uses a special corrosive liquid to corrode the polished surface, because the grain boundary of a polycrystalline material has stress concentration and impurity phases, corrosion is more likely to occur, the grain boundary of the surface of the corroded materials can be observed through an optical microscope, and then statistics of the grain size can be realized, but the method has complex process and needs a plurality of steps of polishing-corrosion-detection, and the polishing corrosion process needs to be carried out on the whole surface of a sample piece to be measured, so that the materials are easy to damage, and the possibility of secondary use of the materials is reduced.
The Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) method directly counts the grain size information of the material by obtaining the crystal plane orientation among different grains in the material, but the EBSD device is expensive and has high detection cost, the method has high preparation requirement on a detection sample, the surface of the sample needs to be subjected to stress relief treatment, and the detection period is longer.
In summary, there are problems of complex measurement process, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost in measuring the size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material grain, and in order to solve the problems, we particularly provide an efficient measurement method for the size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material grain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a method for efficiently measuring the grain size of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, aiming at solving the problems of complex measuring process, low measuring efficiency and high measuring cost in the prior art for measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a method for efficiently measuring the grain size of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of precisely milling the surface of a non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample, namely mounting the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample on a workpiece shaft of a precise milling machine tool, then mounting a diamond end mill on the milling shaft of the machine tool, and processing a square plane on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample in a plane end milling mode; wherein the diameter of the diamond end milling cutter is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the side length of a square plane is 2mm-3 mm;
step two: grating type scribing processing of V-shaped grooves on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample, wherein a diamond sharp knife is arranged on a tool rest of a machine tool, and V-shaped grooves are processed on the square plane of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample obtained in the step one in a grating scribing mode; wherein the sharp angle of the diamond sharp knife is 20-60 degrees, the scribing depth of the V-shaped groove is 1-2 μm, the scribing feed speed is 1-5mm/s, the distance between the V-shaped grooves is 0.2-1.0 μm, and the side length of the square surface of the V-shaped groove is 1-2 mm;
in the second step, the diamond sharp knife is used for carrying out precise tool setting before a V-shaped groove is processed on the square plane of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample, and the precise tool setting comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of irradiating the surface of a processed nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample by light, enabling a diamond point cutter to approach the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample, repeatedly moving the diamond point cutter by single feeding of 0.5-1 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out scribing movement until a fine mark is processed on a square plane.
Step three: observing the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample by using an optical microscope, observing the surface of a V-shaped groove engraved by a grating by using the optical microscope, wherein the detection range is a multiplied by b, a and b are respectively the side length of the detection range, and in an observation result picture, each crystal grain can be clearly identified according to the crystal boundary of the material;
step four: calculating the average grain size of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample, selecting a plurality of cross sections in the direction parallel to the side length a, counting the number N of grains of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample on each cross section, and calculating the average grain size D on each cross section according to the following formula:
D＝(a/N)
and then, averaging the calculated grain size results on each cross section line to obtain the average grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
based on the obvious difference of the mechanical properties of different grain orientations of the polycrystalline material, the method adopts the diamond sharp knife to etch and machine the V-shaped groove on the surface of the nonferrous metal, and realizes the measurement of the grain size on the surface of the sample through the observation of an optical microscope, thereby realizing the high-efficiency measurement of the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the surface precision milling of a square plane of a sample of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention using a diamond point to machine a V-shaped groove on the surface of a sample of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a result observed by a common optical microscope after a V-shaped groove is processed on the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample according to the present invention;
reference numerals: 1 non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample, 2 diamond end milling cutter, 3V-shaped groove and 4 diamond sharp knife.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
In order to solve the problems of complex measurement process, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost in the prior art for measuring the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material ranges from several micrometers to several hundred micrometers, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an efficient measurement method for the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of precisely milling the surface of a non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), namely mounting the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on a workpiece shaft of a precise milling machine tool, and then mounting a diamond end mill (2) with the diameter of 0.2mm on the milling shaft of the machine tool, wherein as shown in figure 2, a square plane with the side length of 2mm is processed on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) in a plane end milling mode;
step two: grating type scribing processing is carried out on a V-shaped groove (3) on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), a diamond sharp knife (4) with a sharp angle of 20 degrees is arranged on a tool rest of a machine tool, and as shown in figure 3, the V-shaped groove (3) with the depth of 1 mu m is processed on the square plane of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) obtained in the step one by utilizing a grating scribing mode; wherein the scribing feed speed is 1mm/s, the distance between the V-shaped grooves (3) is 0.2 mu m, and the side length of the square surface of the V-shaped groove (3) is 1 mm;
in the second step, the diamond sharp knife (4) is used for carrying out precise tool setting before a V-shaped groove (3) is processed on the square plane of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), and the precise tool setting comprises the following steps: firstly, irradiating the surface of a processed nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using a strong light flashlight, then enabling a diamond sharp knife (4) to approach the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), repeatedly moving the diamond sharp knife (4) with single feeding of 0.5 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out scribing movement until a weak fine mark is processed on a square plane.
Step three: observing the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using an optical microscope, observing the surface of a V-shaped groove (3) engraved by a grating by using a common optical microscope, wherein the detection range is a multiplied by b, wherein a and b are respectively the side length of the detection range, the magnification of the optical microscope needs to be adapted to the approximate grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), when the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) is smaller, a high-magnification lens is adopted for observation, as shown in figure 4, in an observation result picture, each grain of the material can be clearly identified according to the grain boundary of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), and for the convenience of observation, the optical microscope adopts a white light source, and an optical microscope scale needs to be calibrated in advance;
step four: calculating the average grain size of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), selecting 3 cross sections in the direction parallel to the side length a, counting the number N of grains of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on each cross section, and calculating the average grain size D on each cross section according to the following formula:
D＝(a/N)
then, the average value of the calculated grain size results on each cross section line is obtained to obtain the average grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1).
Example 2
In order to solve the problems of complex measurement process, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost in the prior art for measuring the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material ranges from several micrometers to several hundred micrometers, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an efficient measurement method for the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of precisely milling the surface of a non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), namely mounting the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on a workpiece shaft of a precise milling machine tool, and then mounting a diamond end mill (2) with the diameter of 0.5mm on the milling shaft of the machine tool, wherein as shown in figure 2, a square plane with the side length of 3mm is processed on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) in a plane end milling mode;
step two: grating type scribing processing is carried out on a V-shaped groove (3) on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), a diamond sharp knife (4) with a sharp angle of 60 degrees is arranged on a tool rest of a machine tool, and as shown in figure 3, a V-shaped groove (3) with the depth of 2 mu m is processed on the square plane of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) obtained in the step one by utilizing a grating scribing mode; wherein the scribing feed speed is 5mm/s, the distance between the V-shaped grooves (3) is 1.0 mu m, and the side length of the square surface of the V-shaped groove (3) is 2 mm;
in the second step, the diamond sharp knife (4) is used for carrying out precise tool setting before a V-shaped groove (3) is processed on the square plane of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), and the precise tool setting comprises the following steps: firstly, irradiating the surface of a processed nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using a strong light flashlight, then enabling a diamond sharp knife (4) to approach the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), repeatedly moving the diamond sharp knife (4) with single feeding of 1 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out scribing movement until a weak fine mark is processed on a square plane.
Step three: observing the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using an optical microscope, observing the surface of a V-shaped groove (3) engraved by a grating by using a common optical microscope, wherein the detection range is a multiplied by b, wherein a and b are respectively the side length of the detection range, the magnification of the optical microscope needs to be adapted to the approximate grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), when the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) is smaller, a high-magnification lens is adopted for observation, as shown in figure 4, in an observation result picture, each grain of the material can be clearly identified according to the grain boundary of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), and for the convenience of observation, the optical microscope adopts a white light source, and an optical microscope scale needs to be calibrated in advance;
step four: calculating the average grain size of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), selecting 5 cross sections in the direction parallel to the side length a, counting the number N of grains of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on each cross section, and calculating the average grain size D on each cross section according to the following formula:
D＝(a/N)
then, the average value of the calculated grain size results on each cross section line is obtained to obtain the average grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1).
Example 3
In order to solve the problems of complex measurement process, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost in the prior art for measuring the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material ranges from several micrometers to several hundred micrometers, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an efficient measurement method for the size of the grain of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of precisely milling the surface of a non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), namely mounting the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on a workpiece shaft of a precise milling machine tool, and then mounting a diamond end mill (2) with the diameter of 0.3mm on the milling shaft of the machine tool, wherein as shown in figure 2, a square plane with the side length of 2.5mm is processed on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) in a plane end milling mode;
step two: grating type scribing processing is carried out on a V-shaped groove (3) on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), a diamond sharp knife (4) with a sharp angle of 45 degrees is arranged on a tool rest of a machine tool, and as shown in figure 3, a V-shaped groove (3) with the depth of 1.5 mu m is processed on the square plane of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) obtained in the step one by utilizing a grating scribing mode; wherein the scribing feed speed is 3mm/s, the distance between the V-shaped grooves (3) is 0.6 mu m, and the side length of the square surface of the V-shaped groove (3) is 1.5 mm;
in the second step, the diamond sharp knife (4) is used for carrying out precise tool setting before a V-shaped groove (3) is processed on the square plane of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), and the precise tool setting comprises the following steps: firstly, irradiating the surface of a processed nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using a strong light flashlight, then enabling a diamond sharp knife (4) to approach the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), repeatedly moving the diamond sharp knife (4) with single feeding of 0.7 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out scribing movement until a weak fine mark is processed on a square plane.
Step three: observing the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using an optical microscope, observing the surface of a V-shaped groove (3) engraved by a grating by using a common optical microscope, wherein the detection range is a multiplied by b, wherein a and b are respectively the side length of the detection range, the magnification of the optical microscope needs to be adapted to the approximate grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), when the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) is smaller, a high-magnification lens is adopted for observation, as shown in figure 4, in an observation result picture, each grain of the material can be clearly identified according to the grain boundary of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), and for the convenience of observation, the optical microscope adopts a white light source, and an optical microscope scale needs to be calibrated in advance;
step four: calculating the average grain size of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), selecting 4 cross sections in the direction parallel to the side length a, counting the number N of grains of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on each cross section, and calculating the average grain size D on each cross section according to the following formula:
D＝(a/N)
then, the average value of the calculated grain size results on each cross section line is obtained to obtain the average grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1).
According to the embodiment, when the diamond sharp knife (4) is used for processing the V-shaped groove (3) on the surface of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), due to the fact that the crystal grains on the surface of the material are randomly distributed, the mechanical properties of the crystal grains with different orientations are greatly different, after the V-shaped groove (3) is processed, due to the fact that the elastic recovery degrees of the crystal grains with different orientations are different, the surface is enabled to form obvious height and low fluctuation, the reflection characteristics of the surfaces of different crystal grains to light are changed, the grain boundary of the material can be obviously observed under the observation of a common optical microscope, and the calculation of the size of the crystal grains of the material can be achieved according to the observation image of the optical microscope.
The method is mainly based on the obvious difference of the mechanical properties of different crystal grain orientations of the polycrystalline material, and realizes the high-efficiency measurement of the size of the crystal grains of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material by utilizing micro-cutting processing and common optical microscope observation; the invention provides a high-efficiency and simple measuring method around the measurement of the grain size of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, which mainly comprises the following steps: precisely milling the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample; grating type scribing processing of tiny V-shaped grooves on the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample; observing the surface of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample by using a common optical microscope; and calculating the average grain size of the sample material of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material. The method provided by the invention can be used for rapidly measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material, is simple and reliable, has a significantly shortened measurement period compared with the traditional measurement method, and is beneficial to promoting the development of the related technology of material preparation in China.
Claims (5)
1. A high-efficiency measuring method for grain size of nonferrous metal polycrystalline material is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of precisely milling the surface of a non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), mounting the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on a workpiece shaft of a precise milling machine tool, then mounting a diamond end milling cutter (2) on the milling shaft of the machine tool, and processing a square plane on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) in a plane end milling mode;
step two: grating type ruling processing is carried out on a V-shaped groove (3) on the surface of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), a diamond sharp knife (4) is installed on a lathe tool rest, and the V-shaped groove (3) is processed on the square plane of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) obtained in the step one in a grating ruling mode;
step three: observing the surface of a nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by using an optical microscope, observing the surface of a V-shaped groove (3) engraved by a grating by using the optical microscope, wherein the detection range is a multiplied by b, a and b are respectively the side length of the detection range, and in an observation result picture, each crystal grain can be clearly identified according to the crystal boundary of the material;
step four: calculating the average grain size of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), selecting a plurality of cross sections in the direction parallel to the side length a, counting the number N of grains of the non-ferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) on each cross section, and calculating the average grain size D on each cross section according to the following formula:
D＝(a/N)
then, the average value of the calculated grain size results on each cross section line is obtained to obtain the average grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1).
2. The method for efficiently measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the diameter of the diamond end milling cutter (2) is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the side length of a square plane is 2mm-3 mm.
3. The method for efficiently measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the diamond sharp knife (4) is used for precisely adjusting the knife before the V-shaped groove (3) is processed on the square plane of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1).
4. The method for efficiently measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material according to claim 2, wherein the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material is measured by the following method: the precise tool setting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of irradiating the surface of a processed nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1) by light, enabling a diamond point cutter (4) to approach the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material sample (1), repeatedly moving the diamond point cutter (4) with single feeding of 0.5-1 mu m, and simultaneously carrying out scribing movement until a fine mark is processed on a square plane.
5. The method for efficiently measuring the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material according to claim 3, wherein the grain size of the nonferrous metal polycrystalline material is measured by the following method: in the second step, the sharp angle of the diamond sharp knife (4) is 20-60 degrees, the scribing depth of the V-shaped groove (3) is 1-2 μm, the scribing feed speed is 1-5mm/s, the distance between the V-shaped grooves (3) is 0.2-1.0 μm, and the side length of the square surface of the V-shaped groove (3) is 1-2 mm.
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