CN113956618B - Preparation method of three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, and belongs to the technical field of dielectric material production. The preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material comprises the following steps: the cotton felt is soaked in acetone solution for treatment, and then is soaked in TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Adding the mixture into NaOH solution for reaction, and then sequentially aging, washing, soaking in ethanol, drying and calcining to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material; and adding a diluent and a curing agent into the epoxy resin, and adding the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material for curing to obtain the three-dimensional porous epoxy resin. The invention takes the pure cotton felt with low price as a framework, and the pure cotton felt is removed by calcination after being adsorbed with barium titanate, and then the three-dimensional porous barium titanate dielectric composite material is obtained after casting and solidification by epoxy resin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dielectric material production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material.
Background
Barium titanate is an important ferroelectric compound material. Besides the characteristics of excellent piezoelectric, ferroelectric, voltage-withstanding and insulating properties, the ceramic material is widely applied to the fields of functional ceramics, positive temperature coefficient thermistors, multilayer ceramic capacitors, biological medicines and the like. The ideal ceramic powder raw material needs to be high-purity, fine in particles and in a dispersed state. Conventional barium titanate preparation methods such as a solid phase synthesis method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, a hydrothermal synthesis method and the like have the problems that powder is seriously agglomerated and difficult to disperse, so that the dielectric property of the barium titanate is greatly weakened.
In order to solve the agglomeration problem of barium titanate, a few coupling agents and the like are commonly used for slowing down the agglomeration, but the barium titanate can not be well dispersed in use, and along with the deep research, the preparation and application research of dendritic barium titanate powder (Wang Saijing, beijing university of chemical engineering, chemical engineering and technology, 2018's paper) proposes that certain distribution orientation barium titanate has excellent properties such as dielectric property, wave absorption property and the like, so a plurality of methods for distributing the barium titanate according to requirements are also presented at present. CN112280297a discloses a barium titanate/polyetherimide dielectric composite material and a preparation method thereof, which uses foam nickel as a skeleton to prepare a barium titanate skeleton with a three-dimensional structure, but uses foam nickel as the skeleton, and washes out the foam nickel with acid after the reaction is finished, so that the cost is high and the environment is polluted to a certain extent; CN112341190a discloses a method for preparing barium titanate-based powder, barium titanate-based powder and super capacitor, which uses porous carbon as a template to prepare a dielectric material with controllable grain size and distribution, but uses porous carbon as a framework, so that the cost is high, and the industrial production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a process for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate dielectric composite material, which takes a cheap cotton felt as a framework, removes the cotton felt through calcination after barium titanate is adsorbed on the framework, and then uses epoxy resin for casting and curing to obtain the three-dimensional porous barium titanate dielectric composite material.
The invention provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, which comprises the following steps:
A. soaking cotton felt in an acetone aqueous solution for treatment, and then washing and drying to obtain the treated cotton felt;
B. immersing the cotton felt obtained in the step A into TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Taking out the mixed solution, then putting the mixed solution into NaOH solution for reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, aging, washing, soaking in ethanol, drying, and calcining to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material;
C. and D, adding a diluent and a curing agent into the epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, casting the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material obtained in the step B until the three-dimensional porous material is completely covered and is 0.2-1.0 mm higher than the three-dimensional porous material, naturally curing at room temperature, and obtaining the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material after curing is completed.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step A, the thickness of the cotton felt is 0.5-3 mm.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step A, the volume ratio of the acetone to the water of the acetone aqueous solution is 10-20%.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step A, the treatment temperature is 40-70 ℃.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step A, the treatment time is 12-24 hours.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step A, the drying temperature is 70-90 ℃.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step B, tiCl is obtained by mixing the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material with the TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 The mixed solution is prepared by the following method: tiCl is added to the mixture 4 Preparing an aqueous solution with the molar concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol/L and BaCl 2 Preparing an aqueous solution with the molar concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol/L, and then preparing the aqueous solution according to the molar ratio of Ti to Ba of 1:1.1 to 1.3 TiCl is introduced into the mixture 4 Solution and BaCl 2 Mixing the solutions, and adding TiCl with mass percent 4 Solution and BaCl 2 The non-ionic emulsifier OP-10 accounting for 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total mass of the solution is stirred for 10 to 30 minutes at the rotating speed of 800 to 1200 revolutions per minute, thus obtaining the water-based emulsion.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step B, the molar concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.8-1.2 mol/L, and the temperature is 80-100 ℃.
In the step B, when the NaOH solution reacts, the rotating speed is controlled to be 500-1000 rpm, and the heat preservation reaction time is 1.5-3 hours.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step B, the aging time is 3-6 hours.
In the step B, the washing is performed 3-5 times by distilled water.
In the step B, the ethanol soaking is absolute ethanol soaking for 3-5 hours.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step B, the calcining temperature is 500-700 ℃.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step B, the calcination time is 1.5-3 hours.
In the step C, the diluent is propenyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether or phenyl glycidyl ether.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step C, the addition amount of the diluent is 10-30% of the mass of the epoxy resin.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step C, the addition amount of the curing agent is calculated according to the epoxy group amount of the epoxy resin.
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material, in the step C, the curing time is 24-48 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes low-price pure cotton felt as a framework, and the three-dimensional porous barium titanate dielectric composite material is obtained after the pure cotton felt is removed by calcination and then is cast by epoxy resin and solidified after being adsorbed with barium titanate. The skeleton used in the invention is a natural porous material, the material is easy to obtain, the cost is low, the preparation is simple, the three-dimensional porous structure has good durability, and the long-term use of the material can be supported to have good dielectric property; meanwhile, due to the introduction of the three-dimensional porous structure, the dielectric property of the composite material is superior to that of the composite material directly added with barium titanate under the condition of the same barium titanate addition.
Detailed Description
Specifically, the preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material comprises the following steps:
A. soaking cotton felt in an acetone aqueous solution for treatment, and then washing and drying to obtain the treated cotton felt;
B. immersing the cotton felt obtained in the step A into TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Taking out the mixed solution, then putting the mixed solution into NaOH solution for reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, aging, washing, soaking in ethanol, drying, and calcining to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material;
C. and D, adding a diluent and a curing agent into the epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, casting the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material obtained in the step B until the three-dimensional porous material is completely covered and is 0.2-1.0 mm higher than the three-dimensional porous material, naturally curing at room temperature, and obtaining the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material after curing is completed.
In the step A, cotton felt with corresponding thickness is taken according to the requirement, and the general thickness is 0.5-3 mm.
In the step A, an acetone water solution with the volume ratio of acetone to water of 10-20% is adopted, cotton felt is put into the acetone water solution to be treated for 12-24 hours at the temperature of 40-70 ℃, and distilled water is washed clean and then dried at the temperature of 70-90 ℃.
If barium titanate solution is directly used, the barium titanate solution is not easy to adhere to cotton felt, so TiCl is used in the invention 4 And BaCl 2 A mixed solution for making TiCl in the cotton felt 4 And BaCl 2 The mixed liquid has more adhesion and better adhesion effect. The TiCl is 4 And BaCl 2 The mixed solution is prepared by the following method: tiCl is added to the mixture 4 Preparing an aqueous solution with the molar concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol/L and BaCl 2 Preparing an aqueous solution with the molar concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol/L, and then preparing the aqueous solution according to the molar ratio of Ti to Ba of 1:1.1 to 1.3 TiCl is introduced into the mixture 4 Solution and BaCl 2 Mixing the solutions, and adding the solution with the mass percentage of TiCl 4 Solution and BaCl 2 The non-ionic emulsifier OP-10 accounting for 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total mass of the solution is stirred for 10 to 30 minutes at the rotating speed of 800 to 1200 revolutions per minute, thus obtaining the water-based emulsion.
In the step B, naOH solution with the molar concentration of 0.8-1.2 mol/L is used as a mineralizer, the mineralizer is heated to 80-100 ℃, the rotating speed is controlled to be 500-1000 rpm under the concentration range and the high temperature, and the heat preservation reaction time is 1.5-3 hours, so that the barium titanate is promoted to be generated.
In the step B, the aging time is 3-6 hours after the reaction is finished, distilled water is used for washing 3-5 times, absolute ethyl alcohol is used for soaking 3-5 hours, and the three-dimensional porous material of barium titanate is obtained after calcination for 1.5-3 hours at 500-700 ℃.
In step C of the present invention, reactive diluents commonly used in the art, such as propenyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether or phenyl glycidyl ether; the addition amount of the diluent is controlled to be 10-30% of the mass of the epoxy resin, and the viscosity of the epoxy resin is reduced, so that the subsequent casting molding can be smoothly performed. The invention can adopt various epoxy resins sold in the market, and the addition amount of the curing agent can be calculated according to the epoxy group amount of the epoxy resin and the conventional addition amount in the field because the epoxy group amounts of the epoxy resins sold in the market are different. In addition, the curing agent of the present invention is a normal temperature curing agent conventional in the art, such as aliphatic polyamine (diethylenetriamine), alicyclic polyamine, low molecular polyamide, modified aromatic amine, etc., and can be suitably used.
In the step C, the curing time is 24-48 hours.
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Pretreatment of pure cotton felt: taking a pure cotton felt with the thickness of 1.5mm, and soaking the pure cotton felt in the volume ratio of acetone to water of 1:5, after the acetone aqueous solution is treated for 12 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, the acetone aqueous solution is taken out, washed clean by distilled water and put into an oven for drying at the temperature of 80 ℃.
Epoxy resin (815), epoxy value 180-190, is purchased from tin-free chemical products limited company.
And (3) epoxy resin dilution: and adding a diluent (501, namely butyl glycidyl ether) and diethylenetriamine curing agent (the mass ratio of the diethylenetriamine curing agent to the epoxy resin 815 is 1:9) accounting for 10-30% of the mass of the epoxy resin into the epoxy resin, and uniformly mixing to obtain diluted epoxy resin.
Example 1
TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Preparation of the mixed solution: tiCl with molar concentration of 0.2mol/L 4 Aqueous solution and BaCl with 0.2mol/L molar concentration 2 An aqueous solution having a Ti/Ba molar ratio of 1:1.1 mixing, adding TiCl 4 Aqueous solution and BaCl 2 OP-10 with the total mass of 0.1 percent of the aqueous solution and the rotating speed of 800 revolutions per minute, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 And (3) mixing the liquid.
Immersing the cotton felt after treatment into TiCl under the condition of room temperature 4 And BaCl 2 Taking out the mixed solution immediately, putting the mixed solution into a NaOH solution with the molar concentration of 0.8mol/L and the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500 r/min, reacting for 1.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for 3 hours, washing with distilled water for 3 times, soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 hours, drying, putting into a muffle furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material; the diluted epoxy resin added with the curing agent is slowly poured into the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material, the three-dimensional porous material is completely immersed and is 0.3mm higher than the three-dimensional porous material, the three-dimensional porous material is cured for 24 hours at room temperature, and the prepared product is subjected to the same test with the barium titanate/epoxy resin composite material with the same adding amount and the same thickness, so that the breakdown strength is improved by 7.2%, and the dielectric constant is improved by 5.4%.
Example 2
TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Preparation of the mixed solution: tiCl having a molar concentration of 0.6mol/L 4 Aqueous solution and BaCl with 0.6mol/L molar concentration 2 An aqueous solution having a Ti/Ba molar ratio of 1:1.2 mixing, adding TiCl 4 Aqueous solution and BaCl 2 OP-10 with the total mass of 0.3 percent of the aqueous solution, the rotating speed is 1000 revolutions per minute, and the stirring is carried out for 20 minutes, thus obtaining TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 And (3) mixing the liquid.
Immersing the cotton felt after treatment into TiCl under the condition of room temperature 4 And BaCl 2 Taking out the mixed solution immediately, putting the mixed solution into a NaOH solution with the molar concentration of 1.0mol/L and the temperature of 90 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 rpm for reaction for 2.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for 4 hours, washing with distilled water for 4 times, soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol for 4 hours, drying, putting into a muffle furnace, and calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material; the diluted epoxy resin added with the curing agent is slowly poured into the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material, the three-dimensional porous material is completely immersed and is 0.6mm higher than the three-dimensional porous material, the three-dimensional porous material is cured for 32 hours at room temperature, and the prepared product is subjected to the same test with the barium titanate/epoxy resin composite material with the same adding amount and the same thickness, so that the breakdown strength is improved by 6.3%, and the dielectric constant is improved by 4.3%.
Example 3
TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Preparation of the mixed solution: tiCl having a molar concentration of 1.0mol/L 4 Aqueous solution and BaCl with molar concentration of 1.0mol/L 2 An aqueous solution having a Ti/Ba molar ratio of 1:1.3 mixing, adding TiCl 4 Aqueous solution and BaCl 2 OP-10 with the total mass of 0.5 percent and the rotating speed of 1200 revolutions per minute, and stirring for 10 minutes to obtain TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 And (3) mixing the liquid.
Immersing the cotton felt after treatment into TiCl under the condition of room temperature 4 And BaCl 2 Taking out the mixed solution immediately, putting the mixed solution into NaOH solution with the molar concentration of 1.2mol/L and the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rotating speed of 1000 rpm, reacting for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for 6 hours, washing with distilled water for 5 times, soaking with absolute ethyl alcohol for 5 hours, drying, putting into a muffle furnace, and calcining for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material; the diluted epoxy resin added with the curing agent is slowly poured into the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material, the three-dimensional porous material is completely immersed and is 0.9mm higher than the three-dimensional porous material, the three-dimensional porous material is cured for 48 hours at room temperature, and the prepared product is subjected to the same test with the barium titanate/epoxy resin composite material with the same adding amount and the same thickness, so that the breakdown strength is improved by 6.8%, and the dielectric constant is improved by 4.8%.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
A. soaking cotton felt in an acetone aqueous solution for treatment, and then washing and drying to obtain the treated cotton felt;
B. immersing the cotton felt obtained in the step A into TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 Taking out the mixed solution, then putting the mixed solution into NaOH solution for reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, aging, washing, soaking in ethanol, drying, and calcining to obtain the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material;
C. and D, adding a diluent and a curing agent into the epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, casting the barium titanate three-dimensional porous material obtained in the step B until the three-dimensional porous material is completely covered and is 0.2-1.0 mm higher than the three-dimensional porous material, naturally curing at room temperature, and obtaining the three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material after curing is completed.
2. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A, the thickness of the cotton felt is 0.5-3 mm.
3. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in step a, at least one of the following is satisfied:
the volume ratio of the acetone to the water of the acetone aqueous solution is 10-20%;
the temperature of the treatment is 40-70 ℃;
the treatment time is 12-24 hours;
the temperature of the drying is 70-90 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in step B, the TiCl 4 And BaCl 2 The mixed solution is prepared by the following method: tiCl is added to the mixture 4 Preparing an aqueous solution with a molar concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol/L and BaCl 2 Preparing an aqueous solution with a molar concentration of 0.2-1.0 mol/L, and then preparing a solution according to the molar concentration of Ti and BaThe ratio is 1:1.1 to 1.3 TiCl 4 Solution and BaCl 2 Mixing the solutions, and adding TiCl with mass percent 4 Solution and BaCl 2 The non-ionic emulsifier OP-10 accounting for 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total mass of the solution is stirred for 10 to 30 minutes at the rotating speed of 800 to 1200 revolutions per minute, thus obtaining the emulsion.
5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, the molar concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.8-1.2 mol/L, and the temperature of the NaOH solution is 80-100 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, during the reaction in the NaOH solution, the rotating speed is controlled to be 500-1000 rpm, and the heat preservation reaction time is 1.5-3 hours.
7. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in step B, at least one of the following is satisfied:
the aging time is 3-6 hours;
the washing is performed for 3-5 times by distilled water;
the ethanol soaking is carried out for 3-5 hours by absolute ethanol soaking;
the calcining temperature is 500-700 ℃;
the calcination time is 1.5-3 hours.
8. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the diluent is propenyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether or phenyl glycidyl ether; the addition amount of the diluent is 10-30% of the mass of the epoxy resin.
9. The method for preparing a three-dimensional porous barium titanate composite dielectric material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step C, the curing time is 24-48 hours.
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| CN1496961A (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-05-19 | 日本化学工业株式会社 | Manufacturing method of perovskite barium titanate powder |
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