CN113953426B - Manufacturing method of high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN113953426B CN113953426B CN202111213825.8A CN202111213825A CN113953426B CN 113953426 B CN113953426 B CN 113953426B CN 202111213825 A CN202111213825 A CN 202111213825A CN 113953426 B CN113953426 B CN 113953426B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps of manufacturing round steel, heating the round steel by a natural gas stepping furnace, feeding the heated round steel into a roller way of a hot shearing machine by using feeding equipment, uniformly distributing the round steel according to a set length by using an infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device, and starting the hot shearing machine to segment the round steel according to distribution information of the infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device to obtain a steel billet; the steel billet is clamped to a numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer by using a manipulator, the temperature of the steel billet is measured by a temperature measuring device, the measured temperature of the steel billet is transmitted to the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer, and the striking energy and striking times of the steel billet are calculated by the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer according to the temperature of the steel billet to strike the steel billet, so that the high-strength high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball can be prepared. The numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer is used for accurately controlling the technological parameters, so that the roundness of the prepared steel ball is ensured, and the production efficiency of the steel ball is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of wear-resistant balls, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball.
Background
Along with the large-scale and increased use amount of semi-autogenous mills at home and abroad, the demand of large-diameter wear-resistant steel balls is gradually increased, and the conventional forming process of the large-diameter wear-resistant steel balls mainly comprises medium-frequency induction heating, air hammer forging or press extrusion forming, but the heating and forming process has some problems. Adopting medium-frequency induction heating: due to the shape characteristics of the round steel, the inside and outside temperature of the round steel is not uniform in the rapid heating process, so that the austenitization of the round steel is not uniform, the product quality uniformity is poor, and the quality is unstable; forging by using an air hammer: the working procedure has high environmental temperature, large labor intensity and low production efficiency, the output of a single machine per hour is about 1 ton, and the uniformity and the stability of the product quality can not be ensured; and the extrusion of the press machine does not meet the forming compression ratio of the steel ball, so that the compactness of the steel ball is poor, and crystal grains cannot be refined, thereby influencing the quality of the steel ball product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball so as to overcome the technical problem.
A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball comprises the following steps of manufacturing round steel, heating the round steel in a natural gas stepping furnace, feeding the heated round steel into a roller way of a hot shearing machine by using feeding equipment, uniformly distributing the round steel according to a set length by using an infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device, and starting the hot shearing machine to segment the round steel according to distribution information of the infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device to obtain a steel billet;
and clamping the steel billet to a numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer by using the manipulator, measuring the temperature of the steel billet by using a temperature measuring device, transmitting the measured temperature t of the steel billet to the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer, and calculating the striking energy E and striking times m of the steel billet by the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer according to the temperature t of the steel billet to strike the steel billet so as to obtain the high-strength high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball.
Further, the impact energy E is calculated by the following formula:
E＝[1+(μ·R 1 )/(3L)]k.theta.S, where μ is the coefficient of friction, R 1 For the set standard diameter of the steel ball, k is the influence coefficient of the running speed of the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer on the deformation resistance, L is the length of each section of billet after infrared laser intelligent distance measurement and uniform segmentation, theta is the strength limit of the billet at the measured temperature of the billet, and S is the contact area of the billet and the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer.
Further, the calculation formula of the strength limit theta at the deformation temperature of the steel billet is theta =6000/t, wherein t is the temperature of the steel billet; the contact area S = pi R 2 2 /4, wherein R 2 The diameter of the billet.
Further, when the temperature t of the steel billet is 1100-1200 ℃, the striking frequency is 2 times; and when the temperature t of the steel billet is 1000-1100 ℃, the striking times are 3.
Further, the round steel comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.5-0.7 wt.%, si: 1.6-2.0 wt.%, mn: 0.65-0.95 wt.%, cr: 0.7-0.95 wt.%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Further, the heating temperature of the natural gas stepping furnace is 1000-1200 ℃, the heating time is 50min, and the heat preservation time is 30min.
Further, after the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball is prepared, visual detection is carried out, and the specific process comprises the following steps: and visual detection equipment is arranged at the outlet of the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer to detect the high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel balls in real time, heat treatment is carried out on qualified high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel balls, and air hammer is adopted to finish off unqualified high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel balls until the steel balls are qualified after detection, and heat treatment is carried out.
Further, the visual inspection equipment performs qualification judgment according to the roundness of the steel ball, and the roundness of the steel ball is calculated according to the following formula:
roundness (%) of steel ball (radial diameter deviation-axial diameter deviation)/R 1 Wherein, the radial diameter deviation = the radial diameter-R of the steel ball after the forging hammer of the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer 1 Axial diameter deviation = axial diameter-R of steel ball after being hammered by numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer 1 ，R 1 The standard diameter of the steel ball is set.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the preparation of the steel ball is completed by the round steel through the infrared temperature measuring device, the manipulator, the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer and the visual detection equipment, and then the process parameters are accurately controlled through the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer, so that the roundness of the prepared steel ball is ensured, the production efficiency of the steel ball is improved, and the maximum production efficiency can reach 5-7 tons/hour.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships only for the purpose of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the designated device or structure must have a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The manufacturing method of the high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball comprises the following steps of manufacturing round steel, heating the round steel in a natural gas stepping furnace, feeding the heated round steel into a roller way of a hot shearing machine by using feeding equipment, uniformly distributing the round steel according to a set length by using an infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device, and starting the hot shearing machine to segment the round steel according to distribution information of the infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device to obtain a steel billet; the round steel comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.5-0.7 wt.%, si: 1.6-2.0 wt.%, mn: 0.65-0.95 wt.%, cr: 0.7-0.95 wt.%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Clamping a steel billet to a numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer by using a manipulator, measuring the temperature of the steel billet by using a temperature measuring device, transmitting the measured temperature t of the steel billet to the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer, calculating the striking energy E and striking times m of the steel billet by the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer according to the temperature t of the steel billet to strike the steel billet, wherein the striking energy E is calculated according to the following formula: e = [1+ (μ. R) 1 )/(3L)]k.theta.S, where μ is the coefficient of friction, R 1 For a set standard diameter of a steel ball, k is an influence coefficient of the running speed of the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer on deformation resistance, L is the length of each section of steel billet after infrared laser intelligent distance measurement and uniform segmentation, theta is the strength limit of the steel billet at the measured temperature of the steel billet, S is the contact area of the steel billet and the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer, the calculation formula of the strength limit theta at the deformation temperature of the steel billet is theta =6000/t, wherein t is the temperature of the steel billet, and the unit of the strength limit theta is kg/mm 2 The meaning is as follows: the strength limit of the round steel material is 6kg per square millimeter at the temperature of 1000 ℃; the contact area S = pi R 2 2 /4, wherein R 2 The diameter of the steel billet is the diameter of the steel billet, so that the high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball can be prepared; after the preparation of the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball is finished, visual detection is required, and the specific process comprises the following steps: and visual detection equipment is arranged at the outlet of the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer to detect the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball in real time, heat treatment is carried out on the qualified high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball, and heat treatment is carried out on the unqualified high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball after the unqualified high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball is refined by adopting an air hammer until the detection is qualified. The visual detection equipment performs qualification judgment according to the roundness of the steel ball, and the roundness of the steel ball is calculated according to the following formula: roundness (%) of steel ball (radial diameter deviation-axial diameter deviation)/R 1 Wherein, the radial diameter deviation = the radial diameter-R of the steel ball after being hammered by a numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer 1 Axial diameter deviation = axial diameter-R of steel ball after being hammered by numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer 1 ，R 1 The standard diameter of the steel ball is set.
In the above, the acceptance criteria for the roundness test are shown in the following table.
| Standard diameter R1 (mm) | 30-60 | 70-90 | 100-130 | 150-175 | 180-200 |
| Tolerance deviation | ±2 | -2～+3 | -3～+4 | ±4 | ±5 |
| Roundness% | ≤2 | ≤3 | ≤4 | ≤3 | ≤4 |
Example 1:
(1) Standard diameter R of steel ball to be forged 1 Is 120mm, diameter R 2 Is 80Heating mm round steel with the length of 3081mm in a natural gas stepping furnace at 1150 ℃, for 50min and for 30min;
(2) Carrying out infrared laser intelligent distance measurement uniform segmentation on round steel with the temperature of 1150 ℃, wherein the length L of each segment is 180mm, and then shearing the round steel by using a hot shearing machine for 16 times;
(3) Before the mechanical arm is clamped, an infrared temperature measuring device is used for measuring the temperature of the sheared steel billet, the temperature t of the steel billet is measured to be 1102 ℃, and then the temperature is transmitted to a numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer through a formula
E＝[1+(μ·R 1 )/(3L)]K · θ · S, where μ is the coefficient of friction, μ =0.4 in this example; k is the influence coefficient of the running speed of the equipment on the deformation resistance, and k =2.0 in the embodiment; theta is the strength limit of the material at the deformation temperature, and theta =6000/t =5.445; s is the contact area S = Pi R of the billet and the die forging hammer 2 2 /4＝π·80 2 The/4 =5024 is substituted into a formula to determine that the striking energy is 59547J, the temperature t of the billet is 1100-1200 ℃, so that the striking frequency is 2 times;
(4) The manipulator clamps and takes the billet to the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer mould and centralizes the billet, and the manipulator withdraws after the first striking and strikes again; (5) And (3) performing roundness detection on the formed steel ball by adopting visual detection equipment, wherein the result is 0.25%, and the steel ball is qualified.
Example 2:
(1) Standard diameter R of forged steel ball of the embodiment 1 120mm, diameter R 2 Heating round steel of 80mm and 3062mm in length in a natural gas stepping furnace at 1150 deg.C for 50min and 30min;
(2) Carrying out infrared laser intelligent distance measurement uniform segmentation on round steel with the temperature of 1150 ℃, wherein the length L of each segment is 180mm, and then shearing the round steel by using a hot shearing machine for 16 times;
(3) Before the manipulator clamps, an infrared temperature measuring device is used for measuring the temperature of the sheared billet, the temperature t of the billet is measured to be 1062 ℃, and then the temperature is transmitted to a numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer through a formula
E＝[1+(μ·R 1 )/(3L)]K · θ · S, where μ is the coefficient of friction, μ =0.4 in this example; k is the influence coefficient of the running speed of the equipment on the deformation resistance, and k =2.0 in the embodiment; theta is the strength limit of the material at the deformation temperature, and theta =6000/t =5.650; s is the contact area S = Pi R of the billet and the die forging hammer 2 2 /4＝π·80 2 (ii)/4 =5024, substituting the formula to determine that the striking energy is 61817J, the temperature t of the billet is 1000-1100 ℃, and the striking times are 3;
(4) The manipulator clamps and takes the billet to the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer mould and centralizes the billet, the manipulator withdraws after the first striking, strikes again, withdraws again, strikes again; and (3) performing roundness detection on the formed steel ball by adopting visual detection equipment, wherein the result is 0.58%, and the steel ball is qualified.
Examples 1-2 specific data are as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more concise and clear, the present invention is described with the above specific embodiments, which are only used for describing the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
manufacturing round steel, heating the round steel by a natural gas stepping furnace, feeding the heated round steel onto a roller way of a hot shearing machine by using feeding equipment, uniformly distributing the round steel according to a set length by using an infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device, and starting the hot shearing machine to segment the round steel according to distribution information of the infrared laser intelligent distance measuring device to obtain a steel billet;
clamping a steel billet to a numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer by using a manipulator, measuring the temperature of the steel billet by using a temperature measuring device, transmitting the measured temperature t of the steel billet to the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer, calculating the striking energy E and striking frequency m of the steel billet by using the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer according to the temperature t of the steel billet, and striking the steel billet to obtain the high-strength high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball; the impact energy E is calculated according to the following formula: e = [1+ (μ. R) 1 )/(3L)]k.theta.S, where μ is the coefficient of friction, R 1 For a set standard diameter of the steel ball, k is an influence coefficient of the running speed of the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer on deformation resistance, L is the length of each section of steel billet after infrared laser intelligent distance measurement and uniform segmentation, theta is the strength limit of the steel billet at the measured temperature of the steel billet, and S is the contact area of the steel billet and the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer; when the temperature t of the steel billet is 1100-1200 ℃, the striking times m are 2 times; and when the temperature t of the steel billet is 1000-1100 ℃, the striking times m are 3.
2. The method for manufacturing the high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the strength limit theta at the deformation temperature of the steel billet is theta =6000/t, wherein t is the temperature of the steel billet; the contact area S = pi R 2 2 /4, wherein R 2 The diameter of the billet.
3. The manufacturing method of the high-strength and high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the round steel contains the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.5-0.7 wt.%, si: 1.6-2.0 wt.%, mn: 0.65-0.95 wt.%, cr: 0.7-0.95 wt.%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
4. The manufacturing method of the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the natural gas stepping furnace is 1000-1200 ℃, the heating time is 50min, and the heat preservation time is 30min.
5. The manufacturing method of the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visual inspection is performed after the preparation of the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball, and the specific process is as follows: and visual detection equipment is arranged at the outlet of the numerical control full-hydraulic die forging hammer to detect the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball in real time, heat treatment is carried out on the qualified high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball, and heat treatment is carried out on the unqualified high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball after the unqualified high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball is refined by adopting an air hammer until the detection is qualified.
6. The manufacturing method of the high-toughness mining wear-resistant steel ball as claimed in claim 5, wherein the visual inspection equipment performs qualification judgment according to the roundness of the steel ball, and the roundness of the steel ball is calculated according to the following formula:
roundness (%) of steel ball (radial diameter deviation-axial diameter deviation)/R 1 Wherein, the radial diameter deviation = the radial diameter-R of the steel ball after the forging hammer of the numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer 1 Axial diameter deviation = axial diameter-R of steel ball after being hammered by numerical control full hydraulic die forging hammer 1 ，R 1 The standard diameter of the steel ball is set.
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| CN1061914C (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 2001-02-14 | 张瑞龙 | Riser-free multi-purpose equipment for casting and forging grinding ball, crankshaft, lining board and gear, etc. |
| CN106739124B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-02-15 | 西安麦特沃金液控技术有限公司 | Crystallite copper ball Full-automatic hydraulic forming machine |
| CN108188316A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-06-22 | 安阳锻压数控设备有限公司 | The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball |
| CN110434274A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-12 | 武汉新威奇科技有限公司 | A kind of Large-diameter wear-resistant steel ball full-automation production system |
| CN111254273A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-09 | 常熟市龙特耐磨球有限公司 | Preparation method of high-carbon wear-resistant steel ball |
| CN113061692B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2023-02-28 | 铜陵有色金神耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Normalizing pretreatment process for forged wear-resistant steel balls for mining large-scale semi-autogenous mill |
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