CN113951285B - 一种植物生长调节剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种植物生长调节剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113951285B CN113951285B CN202111193242.3A CN202111193242A CN113951285B CN 113951285 B CN113951285 B CN 113951285B CN 202111193242 A CN202111193242 A CN 202111193242A CN 113951285 B CN113951285 B CN 113951285B
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Classifications
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供一种植物生长调节剂及其制备方法，植物生长调节剂的原料质量比为：中药提取物90‑95份；着色剂1‑2份；增效剂1‑2份；稳定剂0.5‑1份；制备方法包括如下步骤：(1)制备中药提取物；(2)使用中药提取物配置饱和溶液，加入着色剂、增效剂、稳定剂，所述中药提取物、着色剂、增效剂、稳定剂在溶液中的质量比为90‑95：1‑2：1‑2：0.5‑1，混合均匀，得到植物生长调节剂。本发明的方法采用中药材为主成分，能有效的提高百合产量和品质，选用的中药材植物分布广，容易大面积栽培生产，材料来源广，成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物生长调节技术领域，尤其涉及一种植物生长调节剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
植物生长调节剂(plant growth regulators)是一类与植物激素具有相似生理和生物学效应的物质，具有调控植物生长和发育功能，在各种农作物上广泛使用，其中，在水稻、小麦、大豆、油菜等作物上使用较多，在党参、麦冬、金樱子、人参、黄芪、元胡、沙参、当归、枸杞子、三七、桔梗等中药材的组织培养、种苗繁育等方面使用较广，但在中药材大田生长调节中的应用较少，尤其是在百合大田生长调节的应用上，未见研究报道。
我国植物生长调节剂在生产使用中存在很多问题，在产品安全性方面，为了提高作物的产量，农民将过量的植物生长调节剂施用于作物可食用部位，为食品的安全性问题留下隐患，往往会对人体健康产生危害，如矮壮素经口腔进入人体后会直接灼伤肠胃，并可被快速吸收进血液造成急性中毒。在环境安全方面，现有的植物生长调节剂多为人工合成化合物或人工合成化合物与植物提取激素的结合，导致金属类化学药剂投放入环境中，产生土壤农药残留，土壤中积累的药物会对土壤的生物多样性造成一定影响，对大田土壤环境有一定危害，且其危害程度随施药时间变化而变化。因此，使用从自然源中提取来的纯天然的植物生长调节剂比合成化学品更安全，更环保，对农业的可持续发展和生态环境的保护至关重要。
药用百合卷丹为百合科百合属植物卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)的干燥肉质鳞叶,性寒，味平，归心，肺经,有养阴润肺、清心安神的功效。近年来，药用百合卷丹在湖南省种植面积逐年增加，百合产业已成为湖南省农业支柱产业之一，目前，尚无一种百合专用的生长调节剂；由于百合生长后期(一般是6-8月份)，植株生理机能逐渐衰退，植株抗病性、抗高温的能力也逐渐减弱，而这个时期正处于高温干旱期，因此，施用百合生长调节剂是百合植株生长后期提高百合植物抗逆性的一种有效途径，对于百合植物生长调节剂的研究具有十分中药的实践意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷，提供一种植物生长调节剂及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：
一种植物生长调节剂，所述植物生长调节剂的原料质量比为：
中药提取物90-95份；
着色剂1-2份；
增效剂1-2份；
稳定剂0.5-1份。
优选的，所述中药提取物包括黄柏提取物、苦楝提取物、黄连提取物、苦参提取物。
优选的，所述中药提取物中，黄柏提取物、苦楝提取物、黄连提取物、苦参提取物质量份数比为1.0-1.5：1.0-1.5：0.5-1.0：0.5-1.0。
上述中药提取物等比例混合使用，通过中药材彼此组合应用，可以改变有毒物质在体内的代谢情况，相互配用消除、减轻毒性作用，从而达到中药协同增效的效果。
本发明药用植物黄柏(Phellodendron chinense Schneid.)的植物形态特征优选为：芸香科黄檗属阔叶乔木，树皮淡黄褐色或淡灰色，具厚栓皮，有特殊香气，属暖温带植物，具有较强的抗寒能力，生长速度快，有一定的耐寒性，也比较抗干旱。分布广，产于我国湖南、湖北、陕西、河南、广东、广西、四川及东北地区等地。也可通过种子繁殖或分株或扦插繁殖进行人工栽培生产。
其主要化学成分有小檗碱、黄柏碱等生物碱类和黄柏酮等黄酮类，现代医学研究证明，黄柏具有抗菌、抗滴虫、消炎、抗溃疡、抗氧化、抗病毒等多种药理活性，已被广泛应用于医药领域，基于此，本发明人利用黄柏的抗菌、消炎等药理作用，以黄柏提取物为主成分，研制发明本植物源杀菌剂。
本发明药用植物苦楝(Melia azedarach)，为楝科落叶乔木植物，该植物生长迅速、易于栽培，具有清热、燥湿、杀虫、抑菌作用。基于此，本发明人利用黄柏的抗菌、消炎等药理作用，以苦楝提取物为主成分，研制发明本植物源制剂。
本发明药用植物黄连(Coptis chinensis Franch.)属毛茛科黄连属多年生草本植物，含小檗碱、黄连碱、甲基黄连碱、掌叶防己碱等生物碱，具有抗菌、抗病毒作用；基于此，本发明人利用黄连的抗菌、抗病毒特点，以黄连提取物为本发明植物源药剂的主成分之一。
本发明药用植物苦参(Sophora flavescensAlt.)是豆科槐属草本或亚灌木植物。含苦参碱和金雀花碱等，有清热利湿，抗菌消炎，健胃驱虫之效，苦参醚提物及醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌作用；苦参水浸剂对堇色毛癣菌、同心性毛癣菌、许兰毛癣菌、奥杜盎小芽孢癣菌等有抑制作用。基于此，本发明人利用苦参具有抗菌消炎的作用，以苦参提取物为主成分，研制发明本植物源制剂。
优选的，所述着色剂包括黄栀子提取物。
本发明药用植物黄栀子(Gardeniajasminoides Ellis)是茜草科栀子属植物、灌木，产于中国长江流域以南；黄栀子的果实中含有丰富的栀子酸、绿原酸以及栀子苷等多种有效成分，对许兰氏黄癣菌、腹股沟表皮癣菌、红色表皮癣菌等多种真菌有抑制作用，同时，黄栀子提取物属于天然色素，一般为黄色(随着浓度的加大颜色加深)，具有优秀的着色功能，基于此，本发明人利用黄栀提取物为发明植物源药剂的主成分之一。
优选的，所述增效剂包括稀土和/或萘乙酸。
稀土(Rare earth)是元素周期表中的镧系元素和钪、钇共十七种金属元素的总称。研究结果表明，稀土可增加叶肉组织中叶绿体的数量，提高微管束的排列密度，因此，提高植物的叶绿素含量，增强光合作用，促进根系发育，增加根系对养分吸收，促进植物对养分的吸收，转化和利用，改善了植株的碳氮代谢，对改善品质，提高产量有利，基于此，本发明人用稀土为本发明植物生长调节剂的增效剂。
萘乙酸为无色无味针状结晶，性质稳定，易潮解，可诱导生根，促进植物根系生长，基于此，本发明人用萘乙酸为本发明植物源药剂的增效剂。
稀土与萘乙酸任意一种或混合使用都能够作为生长调节剂的增效剂，功效相同。
优选的，所述稳定剂包括有机硅化合物。
有机硅化合物具有表面张力低、渗透性高、耐氧化稳定性高等基本性质，中药材在搅拌、提取、浓缩蒸馏等制备过程中，由于皂苷、粘液质和蛋白质的存在，会产生大量的泡沫，占据设备大量空间，影响生产，增加操作安全风险等，因此，在中药提取工艺中添加有机硅作为消泡剂是一种重要方法，且有机硅本身用量少，适合于中药提取行业应用与推广，基于此，本发明人用有机硅为本发明植物生长调节剂的稳定剂。
优选的，所述植物生长调节剂用于百合植株。由于百合生长后期(一般是6-8月份)，植株生理机能逐渐衰退，植株抗病性、抗高温的能力也逐渐减弱，而这个时期正处于高温干旱期，因此，施用百合生长调节剂是百合植株生长后期提高百合植物抗逆性的一种有效途径，基于此，本发明人根据百合的生长发育规律，研制了多个百合生长调节剂配方，经田间试验筛选，本发明具有很好的增产提质效果，对于提高百合产量和品质具有十分重要的实践意义。
在同一个技术构思下，本发明还提供一种植物生长调节剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备中药提取物；
(2)使用中药提取物配置饱和溶液，加入着色剂、增效剂、稳定剂，所述中药提取物、着色剂、增效剂、稳定剂在溶液中的质量比为95:2:2:1，混合均匀，得到植物生长调节剂。
优选的，所述制备中药提取物具体为：对中药材进行多次醇提，抽滤提取液，蒸干至膏状，得到中药提取物；更优选的，所述多次醇提为二次醇提，一次醇提提取时间为25-30min，温度为90-95℃；抽滤提取液，进行二次醇提，提取时间为25-30min，温度为90-95摄氏度℃；
优选的，所述一次醇提中药材与酒精的质量比为1.0:7.5-12.5；所述二次醇提中药材与酒精的质量比为1.0:4.5-5.5。
优选的，所述蒸干采用减压旋转蒸发，可以加速蒸发，提高提取效果，旋转参数为60-75/min，制冷温度为-2.0-10℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明的方法采用黄柏、苦楝、黄栀子、黄连、苦参等中药材为主成分，是一种植物源制剂，能有效的提高百合产量和品质，经田间效果对比试验，提高百合产量16.34％。选用的中药材植物分布广，容易大面积栽培生产，材料来源广，成本低。
(2)本发明的着色剂黄栀子提取物采用植物源药剂，稳定剂是有机硅为有机物，没有添加无机化合物，减少了其他金属类化学药剂的施入；同时，容易降解，避免了土壤农药残留，环境友好。
(3)本发明的所使用的中药材提取物提取工艺简单，容易提取生产。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1：
本发明的一种植物生长调节剂，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
1、制备中药提取物
1)称取黄柏、苦楝、黄连、苦参等中药材等比例混合样品100.00g，倒入电热套圆形瓶中，再倒入75％的酒精1000ml。
2)第一次提取：开启电热套，提取25-30min，温度设置90-95℃。
3)把提取液抽滤。
4)第二次提取：再倒入75％的酒精500ml，提取25-30min，温度设置90-95℃。
5)把提取液抽滤。
6)把滤液倒入旋转蒸发仪圆形瓶中(不超过总体积1/3)，减压旋转蒸发至膏状(旋转参数：60-75/min；制冷温度：-2.0-10℃)。
7)把膏状物倒入瓶中，做好记载，贴好标签，写上编号名称，保存至冰箱中。
8)按上述规程，把中药材柠檬的提取物制成膏状物，写上编号名称，保存至冰箱中。
2、黄栀子提取物制备
制备方法与上述中药提取物相同。
3、配制植物源药剂
1)把中药材膏状物用5％的乙醇溶解，制成中药材饱和溶液；按95％的比例加入中药材饱和溶液；
2)按2％的比例加入着色剂黄栀子提取物；
3)按2％的比例加入增效剂稀土；
4)按1％的比例加入稳定剂有机硅；
5)震荡混匀，即得植物生长调节剂。
为检验本发明的百合生长植物生长调节剂的对百合产品品质的影响，在大田效果对比试验的基础上，取鲜百合为测试样品，测定黄酮、皂苷等指标，结果表明，本发明生长调节剂能提高百合产量和品质，数据见表1。
表1不同处理对百合叶绿素、产量(kg/667m2)及品质(mg/g)的影响
注：数字后附不同大、小写字母分别表示差异水平达0.01、0.05显著水平，下同。
表1表明，施用自制剂处理的产量与对照相比具有显著差异，说明施用自制剂能显著提高百合的产量；表1还说明，施用本发明百合生长调节剂可以提高百合植株的黄酮、皂苷等品质指标。
对比例1：
为检验本发明百合生长调节剂的大田增产效果，进行了以下试验。
1.试验设计：试验设清水(空白对照)、调节剂(阳性对照)、自制生长调节剂(本发明)共3个处理，共9个小区，阳性对照为萘乙酸(市购)，空白对照为清水。
2.试验地点：试验地点分别设在湖南省龙山县石羔街道办事处双龙村基地，百合种植田块。
3.供试品种：卷丹百合。
4.施药时期与方法
施药时期在5-7月，每隔15天一次，共施6次，叶面喷施，若喷施后24小时内下雨则需补施。
5.观察与记载
在收获前15天，测定植株大田农艺性状、叶绿素；收获时测产。
6.试验结果
试验结果表明该植物源自制生长调节剂能明显促进百合的生长，数据见表2。
表2不同激素处理对百合农艺性状的影响(cm、片)
由表2可知，本申请的植物生长调节剂施用在百合田中，能够显著促进百合株高、叶数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗综合生长。
Claims (3)
1.一种植物生长调节剂在百合植株上的应用，其特征在于，所述植物生长调节剂用于百合植株；
所述植物生长调节剂的原料质量比为：
中药提取物90-95份；
着色剂1-2份；
增效剂1-2份；
稳定剂0.5-1份；
所述中药提取物包括黄柏提取物、苦楝提取物、黄连提取物、苦参提取物，所述着色剂包括黄栀子提取物，所述增效剂包括稀土和/或萘乙酸，所述稳定剂包括有机硅化合物；所述中药提取物中，黄柏提取物、苦楝提取物、黄连提取物、苦参提取物质量份数比为1.0-1.5：1.0-1.5：0.5-1.0：0.5-1.0；
所述中药提取物的制备过程中，对中药材进行多次醇提；其中一次醇提中药材与酒精的质量比为1.0：7.5-12.5，二次醇提中药材与酒精的质量比为1.0：4.5-5.5，醇提后抽滤提取液，蒸干，得到中药提取物。
2.如权利要求1所述的植物生长调节剂在百合植株上的应用，其特征在于，所述植物生长调节剂的制备方法，具体包括包括如下步骤：
（1）制备中药提取物；
（2）使用中药提取物配置饱和溶液，加入着色剂、增效剂、稳定剂，所述中药提取物、着色剂、增效剂、稳定剂在溶液中的质量比为90-95：1-2：1-2：0.5-1，混合均匀，得到植物生长调节剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的植物生长调节剂在百合植株上的应用，其特征在于，所述蒸干采用减压旋转蒸发，旋转参数为60-75/min，制冷温度为-2.0-10℃。
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