CN113948834B - Branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch - Google Patents
Branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN113948834B CN113948834B CN202111207967.3A CN202111207967A CN113948834B CN 113948834 B CN113948834 B CN 113948834B CN 202111207967 A CN202111207967 A CN 202111207967A CN 113948834 B CN113948834 B CN 113948834B
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Abstract
The application relates to a branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch, which comprises a main waveguide, an annular branch waveguide component and a waveguide resonant structure; the inner ring of the annular branch waveguide component is sleeved on the main waveguide, and the waveguide resonance structure is arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide component; one end of the main waveguide is a transmitting port, the other end of the main waveguide is an antenna port, and a receiving port is arranged on the waveguide resonant structure; the annular branch waveguide component is provided with a transceiving structure for reflecting high-power microwaves input by the transmitting port, the reflected microwave signals are output through the antenna port, or the microwave signals input by the antenna port are transmitted, and the transmitted microwave signals are output through the receiving port; preferably, the number of the annular branch waveguide assemblies is two, and the two annular branch waveguide assemblies are sleeved on the main waveguide along the axial direction at intervals. The application realizes the transceiving sharing of the high-power microwave antenna switch.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of high-power microwave antenna switches, in particular to a branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch.
Background
High power microwaves (according to the convention of Benford and Swegle, high power microwaves refer to electromagnetic waves with peak power of more than 100MW and frequency of 1-100 GHz) are used in various military and civil fields, and the applications put high demands on power levels. In a high-power microwave radar system, a high-power microwave antenna needs to both radiate high-power microwaves and receive microwave signals, and needs to ensure both isolation and power capacity. The high-power microwave antenna switch is a main device for realizing the transceiving sharing of the high-power microwave antenna.
At present, the antenna switches applied to the radar field are mainly the following, the antenna switch of the high-power radar is mainly based on an electric bridge or a circulator, and the antenna switch of the low-power radar is mainly based on a PIN diode.
The receiving and transmitting switch based on the bridge mainly provides isolation through the bridge and an antenna switch tube, the isolation is generally high, but the bridge is generally in a rectangular waveguide structure, the output end of a microwave source is generally in a circular waveguide structure, and the antenna switch needs to be additionally connected with a waveguide converter, so that the size and the insertion loss of the antenna switch are increased.
The high-power antenna switch based on the circulator mainly improves the isolation degree through the circulator, the maximum power capacity of the high-power antenna switch depends on a ferrite material in the circulator, the breakdown field strength of the ferrite material in vacuum is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the metal surface, and the serious field breakdown problem exists at the triple point of a metal vacuum medium, so that the power capacity of a device is seriously influenced. In the high-power microwave research field, the high-power circulator in the prior art cannot be really applied in the high-power microwave field due to the characteristic of strong electromagnetic field.
The antenna switch based on the PIN diode is generally small in power capacity and cannot be directly applied to a feed system of a high-power microwave radar.
Therefore, the high-power microwave antenna switch is still in the research and development stage at present, and no mature product is produced yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a branched circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch, which can simultaneously transmit and receive high-power microwave signals.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a branch type circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch, comprising: the waveguide comprises a main waveguide, an annular branch waveguide component and a waveguide resonant structure;
the inner ring of the annular branch waveguide component is sleeved on the main waveguide, and the waveguide resonant structure is arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide component;
one end of the main waveguide is a transmitting port, the other end of the main waveguide is an antenna port, and a receiving port is arranged on the waveguide resonant structure;
and the annular branch waveguide component is provided with a transceiving structure for reflecting the high-power microwave input by the transmitting port, the reflected microwave signal is output through the antenna port, or the annular branch waveguide component is used for transmitting the microwave signal input by the antenna port, and the transmitted microwave signal is output through the receiving port.
In one embodiment, the number of the annular branch waveguide assemblies is more than two, and each annular branch waveguide assembly is sleeved on the main waveguide at intervals along the axial direction of the main waveguide;
the waveguide resonant structure is arranged on the outer ring of one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies, and microwave reflectors are arranged on the outer rings of the other annular branch waveguide assemblies.
In one embodiment, the waveguide resonant structure is disposed on the annular branch waveguide assembly closest to the antenna port.
In one embodiment, the number of the annular branch waveguide assemblies is two;
the waveguide resonant structure is arranged on the outer ring of one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies, and the microwave reflector is arranged on the outer ring of the other annular branch waveguide assembly.
In one embodiment, each of the annular branch waveguide assemblies includes a first circular waveguide and a first rectangular waveguide;
the inner ring of the first circular waveguide is sleeved on the main waveguide, the number of the first rectangular waveguides is multiple, and the first rectangular waveguides are arranged on the outer ring of the first circular waveguide at intervals along the circumferential direction;
the receiving and transmitting structure comprises a plurality of antenna switch tubes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first rectangular waveguides, and the antenna switch tubes are connected to the first rectangular waveguides.
In one embodiment, the waveguide resonant structure is connected to the antenna switch tube corresponding to the ring-shaped branch waveguide assembly, and the microwave reflector is connected to the antenna switch tube corresponding to the ring-shaped branch waveguide assembly.
In one embodiment, the waveguide resonant structure comprises a second circular waveguide and a second rectangular waveguide;
the number of the second rectangular waveguides is multiple, the second rectangular waveguides correspond to the antenna switching tubes on the annular branch waveguide assembly one by one, and the receiving ports are arranged on the outer ring of the second circular waveguide;
one end of each second rectangular waveguide is arranged on the inner ring of the second circular waveguide at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the other end of each second rectangular waveguide is connected with the corresponding antenna switch tube.
In one embodiment, the main waveguide is a solid of revolution structure;
each first rectangular waveguide, each antenna switch tube and each microwave reflector on the same annular branch waveguide component are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the rotating shaft of the main waveguide;
and the second rectangular waveguides are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the rotating shaft of the main waveguide.
In one embodiment, the number of the first rectangular waveguides, the antenna switch tubes and the microwave reflectors on the same annular branch waveguide assembly is 8; the number of the second rectangular waveguides is 8.
The branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch is provided with a circular main waveguide and an annular branch waveguide assembly sleeved on an outer ring of the main waveguide, wherein a waveguide resonance structure is arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide assembly, one end of the main waveguide is used as a transmitting port, the other end of the main waveguide is used as an antenna port, a receiving port is arranged on the waveguide resonance structure, and the annular branch waveguide assembly is used for reflecting microwave signals in a transmitting state and transmitting the microwave signals in a receiving state, so that the microwave can be changed in different transmission paths. In the transmitting state, high-power microwaves are input from the transmitting port and output from the antenna port, and in the receiving state, the high-power microwaves are input from the antenna port and output from the receiving port, so that the receiving and transmitting of the high-power microwave antenna switch are shared, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are not required to be separately designed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first circular waveguide and a first rectangular waveguide in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of a first circular waveguide and a first rectangular waveguide in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the AA' plane of a first circular waveguide and a first rectangular waveguide in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna switch tube in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a waveguide resonant structure in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a right side view of a waveguide resonant structure in one embodiment;
fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a waveguide resonant structure along the BB' plane in one embodiment.
Reference numerals:
the waveguide structure comprises a main waveguide 1, an annular branch waveguide component 2, a first circular waveguide 21, a first rectangular waveguide 22, an antenna switch tube 23, a waveguide resonant structure 3, a second circular waveguide 31, a second rectangular waveguide 32, a microwave reflector 4, a transmitting port 10, an antenna port 20 and a receiving port 30.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The application provides a branch formula circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch, as shown in fig. 1, includes: a main waveguide 1, an annular branch waveguide component 2 and a waveguide resonant structure 3; the inner ring of the annular branch waveguide component 2 is sleeved on the main waveguide 1, and the waveguide resonant structure 3 is arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide component 2; one end of the main waveguide 1 is a transmitting port 10, the other end is an antenna port 20, and a receiving port 30 is arranged on the waveguide resonant structure 3; the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is provided with a transceiving structure for reflecting the high-power microwave input from the transmitting port 10, and outputting the reflected microwave signal through the antenna port 20, or for transmitting the microwave signal input from the antenna port 20, and outputting the transmitted microwave signal through the receiving port 30.
The main waveguide 1 is a section of hollow metal circular waveguide, the inner ring of the annular branch waveguide component 2 is sleeved on the main waveguide 1, and the waveguide resonant structure 3 is a microwave combiner arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide component 2.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the main waveguide 1 is an emission port 10, and is connected to a microwave source through a flange arranged on the emission port 10; the other end is an antenna port 20 and is connected with an antenna through a flange arranged on the antenna port 20; the waveguide resonant structure 3 is provided with a receiving port 30, and is connected with a radar receiver through a flange arranged on the receiving port 30.
The high-power microwave radar has two working modes of a transmitting state and a receiving state, and the states of the annular branch waveguide component 2 are different when the microwave powers in the two working modes are different. In the transmitting state, the transceiving structure on the ring-shaped branched waveguide assembly 2 is used to reflect the high-power microwave input from the transmitting port 10, and in the receiving state, the transceiving structure on the ring-shaped branched waveguide assembly 2 is used to transmit the microwave signal input from the antenna port 20.
In a transmitting state, a microwave source inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to a transmitting port 10, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter an annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and are reflected in the annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the reflected microwaves are in the same phase as the input microwaves at the connecting part of the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and a main waveguide 1, so that the high-power microwaves are all output by an antenna port 20, and the output microwaves are still the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves; in a receiving state, the antenna inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to the antenna port 20, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and are converted into rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves in the annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter the waveguide resonant structure 3 and are output to a receiver through a receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, and the output microwaves are still the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves.
The branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch is provided with a circular main waveguide 1 and an annular branch waveguide component 2 sleeved on an outer ring of the main waveguide 1, a waveguide resonance structure 3 is arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide component 2, one end of the main waveguide 1 is used as a transmitting port 10, the other end of the main waveguide 1 is used as an antenna port 20, a receiving port 30 is arranged on the waveguide resonance structure 3, and the conversion of microwaves under different transmission paths is realized through different performances of the annular branch waveguide component 2 under a transmitting state and a receiving state. In the transmitting state, high-power microwaves are input from the transmitting port 10 and output from the antenna port 20, and in the receiving state, high-power microwaves are input from the antenna port 20 and output from the receiving port 30, so that the receiving and transmitting of the high-power microwave antenna switch are shared, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are not required to be designed separately.
Preferably, the number of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 is more than two, and each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is sleeved on the main waveguide 1 at intervals along the axial direction of the main waveguide 1; the waveguide resonant structure 3 is arranged on the outer ring of one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, and the outer rings of the other annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 are provided with microwave reflectors 4.
The number of the annular branched waveguide assemblies 2 is more than two, and may be specifically set to two, three or more according to actual requirements, and the present invention is not limited.
When the number of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 is more than two, the transmission and reception of the high-power microwaves can be realized, and the high-power microwaves input from the transmitting port 10 can have more transmission paths and larger transmission space in a transmitting state, so that the transmission effect is good.
Each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is sleeved on the main waveguide 1 at intervals along the axial direction of the main waveguide 1, so that the central axis of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 coincides with the axis of the main waveguide 1.
The waveguide resonant structure 3 is arranged on the outer ring of one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 and is used for receiving the microwaves input by the antenna port 20, and the outer rings of the other annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 are provided with microwave reflectors 4 for reflecting the microwaves input by the antenna port 20.
In the present embodiment, the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is used for reflecting the microwave signal in the transmitting state, and the reflected microwave signal enters the main waveguide 1 and is output from the antenna port 20; the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is used for transmitting microwave signals in a receiving state, the transmitted microwave signals enter the microwave reflector 4 to be continuously reflected or enter the waveguide resonant structure 3 to be continuously transmitted, and finally, the microwave signals are output by the receiving port 30.
In a transmitting state, a microwave source inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to a transmitting port 10, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and are transmitted in each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, and the reflected microwaves are in phase with the input microwaves at the connecting part of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and the main waveguide 1, so that the high-power microwaves are all output from an antenna port 20, and the output microwaves are still the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves; in a receiving state, an antenna inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to an antenna port 20, the TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and are converted into rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves in each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, in one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter the waveguide resonant structure 3 from the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and are output to a receiver from a receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, in the other annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter the microwave reflector 4 from the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and enter the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 connected with the waveguide resonant structure 3 after being reflected by the microwave reflector 4, then are output to the receiver from the receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, and the output microwaves are still the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves.
Preferably, the waveguide resonant structure 3 is provided on the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 closest to the antenna port 20.
The above arrangement can ensure that, in a receiving state, most of the high-power microwaves input from the antenna port 20 enter the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 where the waveguide resonant structure 3 is located, a small part of the high-power microwaves enter other annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, few high-power microwaves are output from the transmitting port 10, and almost all the high-power microwaves are output from the receiving port 30.
Further preferably, the number of the annular branched waveguide assemblies 2 is two; the waveguide resonant structure 3 is arranged on the outer ring of one annular branch waveguide assembly 2, and the outer ring of the other annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is provided with a microwave reflector 4.
When there are two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, the waveguide resonant structure 3 is disposed on the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 near the antenna port 20, and the microwave reflector 4 is disposed on the outer ring of the other annular branch waveguide assembly 2.
The arrangement can realize the transmission and the reception of high-power microwaves, and simultaneously reduces the number of the annular branch assemblies 2, thereby saving space and cost; but also can ensure better transmission effect; it can also ensure that almost all the input high-power microwaves are output from the antenna port 20 in the transmitting state, and the leakage of the microwaves to the receiving port 30 is minimized, and ensure that almost all the input high-power microwaves are output from the receiving port 30 in the receiving state, and the leakage of the microwaves to the transmitting port 10 is minimized.
In a transmitting state, a microwave source inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to a transmitting port 10, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 and are transmitted in each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, and the reflected microwaves are in the same phase as the input microwaves at the connecting part of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and the main waveguide 1, so that all the high-power microwaves are output by an antenna port 20, and the output microwaves are still the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves; in a receiving state, an antenna inputs round waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to an antenna port 20, the round waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 and are converted into rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves in each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, in one annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter a waveguide resonant structure 3 from the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and are output to a receiver from a receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, in the other annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter a microwave reflector 4 from the annular branch waveguide assembly 2, enter a main waveguide 1 after being reflected by the microwave reflector 4, then enter the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 connected with the waveguide resonant structure 3 and are output to the receiver from the receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, and the output microwaves are still the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves.
In this embodiment, the high power microwave antenna switch can be shared for transmitting and receiving, and it can be ensured that most of the high power microwaves are output from the receiving port 30.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 comprises a first circular waveguide 21 and a first rectangular waveguide 22; the inner ring of the first circular waveguide 21 is sleeved on the main waveguide 1, the number of the first rectangular waveguides 22 is multiple, and the multiple first rectangular waveguides 22 are arranged on the outer ring of the first circular waveguide 21 at intervals along the circumferential direction; the transceiving structure comprises a plurality of antenna switch tubes 23 corresponding to the first rectangular waveguides 22 one by one, and the antenna switch tubes 23 are connected to the corresponding first rectangular waveguides 22.
The inner ring of the first circular waveguide 21 is sleeved on the main waveguide 1 so that the high-power microwave input from the transmitting port 10 enters the annular branch waveguide assembly 2. A plurality of first rectangular waveguides 22 are circumferentially spaced on the outer ring of the first circular waveguide 21, so that the high-power microwaves entering the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 are transmitted in multiple directions within the first rectangular waveguides 22.
The transceiving structure may be the antenna switch tube 23, or may be another component having a function similar to that of the antenna switch tube 23.
As shown in fig. 6, the antenna switch tube 23 is a rectangular gas-filled vacuum tube having an inductive diaphragm and a discharge electrode inside, and has two resonant windows at two ends, respectively, wherein one of the resonant windows is connected to the first rectangular waveguide 22 through a flange. The antenna switch tube 23 generally uses the existing high-power antenna switch tube 23, the length and the section size of each type of antenna switch tube 23 are fixed, the insertion loss and the isolation degree are also fixed generally, and the isolation degree of the antenna switch tube can reach more than 50dB, so that the isolation degree of the high-power tube microwave antenna switch is high.
In one embodiment, the waveguide resonant structure 3 is connected to the antenna switch tube 23 of the corresponding circular branch waveguide assembly 2, and the microwave reflector 4 is connected to the antenna switch tube 23 of the corresponding circular branch waveguide assembly 2.
The microwave reflector 4 is a metal sheet having the same cross-sectional size as the antenna switch tube 23, and is provided with a screw hole and connected to the corresponding antenna switch tube 23 by a bolt.
The high-power microwave radar has two working modes of a transmitting state and a receiving state, and the states of the antenna switch tube 23 are different when the microwave powers in the two working modes are different. The antenna switching tube 23 corresponds to a short-circuit device in the transmitting state and a low-loss dielectric waveguide in the receiving state. The combined structure of the antenna switch tube 23 and the microwave reflector 4 is equivalent to a short-circuit device capable of automatically adjusting the short-circuit position according to the microwave power, the antenna switch tube 23 is short-circuited in the transmitting state, the microwave reflector 4 is short-circuited in the receiving state, and the phase difference of the reflected microwaves in the two states is 180 degrees.
In a transmitting state, a microwave source inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to a transmitting port 10, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 and are converted into rectangular waveguide TE01 mode high-power microwaves in a first rectangular waveguide 22 of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE01 mode high-power microwaves enter an antenna switch tube 23 connected with the first rectangular waveguide 22, the antenna switch tube 23 is equivalent to a short-circuit device at the moment, the high-power microwaves are transmitted, the reflected microwaves are in phase with the input microwaves at the joint of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and a main waveguide 1 and are converted into circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves in the main waveguide 1, so that the high-power microwaves are all output from an antenna port 20, and the output microwaves are still circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves; in a receiving state, an antenna inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to an antenna port 20, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves are converted into rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves in a first rectangular waveguide 22 of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter an antenna switch tube 23 connected with the first rectangular waveguide 22, the antenna switch tube 23 at the moment is equivalent to a low-loss dielectric waveguide, and therefore the microwaves are continuously transmitted by the antenna switch tube 23, in one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter a waveguide resonant structure 3 connected with the antenna switch tube 23 and are output to a receiver through a receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, in the other annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter a microwave reflector 4 connected with the antenna switch tube 23, are reflected by the microwave reflector 4 and enter an annular branch waveguide assembly 2 connected with the waveguide resonant structure 3 and then enter the waveguide resonant structure 3 and are output to the receiver through a receiving port 30 on the waveguide resonant structure 3, and the TE10 mode high-power microwaves are still output to the receiver.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the waveguide resonance structure 3 includes a second circular waveguide 31 and a second rectangular waveguide 32; the number of the second rectangular waveguides 32 is plural and corresponds to the antenna switching tubes 23 on the corresponding annular branch waveguide assembly 2 one by one, and the receiving ports 30 are arranged on the outer ring of the second circular waveguide 31; one end of each second rectangular waveguide 32 is circumferentially provided at intervals on the inner ring of the second circular waveguide 31, and the other end is connected to the corresponding antenna switch tube 23.
The second circular waveguide 31 is a ring resonator, has resonance characteristics, and can also realize conversion of high-power microwaves.
The other end of the second rectangular waveguide 32 is connected to the corresponding antenna switch tube 23 via a flange.
In a transmitting state, a microwave source inputs circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to a transmitting port 10, the circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 and are converted into rectangular waveguide TE01 mode high-power microwaves in a first rectangular waveguide 22 of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE01 mode high-power microwaves enter an antenna switch tube 23 connected with the first rectangular waveguide 22, the antenna switch tube 23 is equivalent to a short-circuit device at the moment, the high-power microwaves are transmitted, the reflected microwaves are in phase with the input microwaves at the joint of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 and a main waveguide 1 and are converted into circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves in the main waveguide 1, so that the high-power microwaves are all output from an antenna port 20, and the output microwaves are still circular waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves; in a receiving state, an antenna inputs round waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves to an antenna port 20, the round waveguide TM01 mode high-power microwaves enter two annular branch waveguide assemblies 2 and are converted into rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves in a first rectangular waveguide 22 of each annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter an antenna switching tube 23 connected with the first rectangular waveguide 22, the antenna switching tube 23 at this time is equivalent to a low-loss dielectric waveguide, therefore, the microwaves are continuously transmitted by the antenna switching tube 23, in one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter a waveguide resonant structure 3 connected with the antenna switching tube 23 and are converted into TE16,1 mode high-power microwaves in a second circular waveguide 31 of the waveguide resonant structure 3, the TE16,1 mode high-power microwaves are converted into the rectangular waveguide TE10 mode high-power microwaves at a receiving port 30 and are output to a receiver by the receiving port 30, in the other annular branch waveguide assembly 2, the TE10 mode high-power microwaves enter a microwave reflector 4 connected with the antenna switching tube 23 and enter the annular waveguide resonant structure 3 after being reflected by the microwave reflector 4, the microwave resonant structure, and the microwave enters the microwave resonant structure and is output to the microwave resonant structure 3, and the microwave is output to the microwave resonant structure 3.
In one embodiment, the main waveguide 1 is a solid of revolution structure; each first rectangular waveguide 22, each antenna switch tube 23 and each microwave reflector 4 on the same annular branch waveguide component 2 are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the rotating shaft of the main waveguide 1; the second rectangular waveguides 32 are rotationally symmetrical along the rotation axis of the main waveguide 1.
In one embodiment, after the length and the cross-sectional dimension of the antenna switch tube 23 are determined, the number of the first rectangular waveguides 22, the antenna switch tube 23 and the microwave reflectors 4 on the same annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is limited by space, and may be selected to be 4 to 8 according to actual situations; the second rectangular waveguide 32 is connected to the antenna switch tube 23, so that the number of the second rectangular waveguides corresponding to the number of the antenna switch tubes 23 can be selected according to actual conditions.
Preferably, the number of the first rectangular waveguides 22, the antenna switch tubes 23 and the microwave reflectors 4 on the same annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is 8; the number of the second rectangular waveguides 32 is 8.
When the number of the first rectangular waveguides 22, the antenna switch tubes 23, and the microwave reflectors 4 on the same annular branch waveguide assembly 2 is 8, and the number of the second rectangular waveguides 32 is also 8, the number of microwaves entering the receiving port 30 by the high-power microwave signal in the receiving state is more, the loss is less, and the conduction effect is better.
In a specific embodiment, a branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch comprises: the microwave-assisted waveguide structure comprises a main waveguide 1, 2 annular branch waveguide assemblies 2, 8 microwave reflectors 4 and a waveguide resonant structure 3; one end of the main waveguide 1 is a transmitting port 10, and the other end is an antenna port 20; each annular branch waveguide assembly 2 comprises: the antenna comprises a first circular waveguide 21, 8 first rectangular waveguides 22 arranged on the outer ring of the first circular waveguide 21 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and 8 antenna switch tubes 23 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first rectangular waveguides 22 and connected to the corresponding first rectangular waveguides 22; the inner rings of the two first circular waveguides 21 are sleeved on the main waveguide 1 at intervals along the axial direction of the main waveguide 1; the waveguide resonant structure 3 is connected to the antenna switch tube 23 of the annular branch waveguide assembly 2 close to the antenna port 20; the microwave reflector 4 is connected to the antenna switch tube 23 of the other annular branch waveguide assembly 2; the waveguide resonant structure 3 comprises a second circular waveguide 31, 8 second rectangular waveguides 32 with one ends arranged on the inner ring of the second circular waveguide 31 at intervals along the circumferential direction and the other ends connected with the corresponding antenna switching tubes 23, and a receiving port 30 arranged on the outer ring of the second circular waveguide 31; the main waveguide 1 is a revolving body structure; 8 first rectangular waveguides 22, 8 antenna switching tubes 23 and 8 microwave reflectors 4 on the same annular branch waveguide component 2 are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along a rotating shaft of the main waveguide 1; the 8 second rectangular waveguides 32 are rotationally symmetric along the rotation axis of the main waveguide 1.
In this embodiment, oo' is defined as the central axis of the branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch; the inner radius of the main waveguide 1 is R1, and the axial length is L; the distance between the two first circular waveguides 21 is X, and the inner radius of each first circular waveguide 21 is R2; the length of the first rectangular waveguide 22 is L1, and an included angle θ between adjacent first rectangular waveguides 22 is 360/8=45 degrees; the length of the antenna switch tube 23 is Lt; the inner radius of the second circular waveguide 31 is R3, and the outer radius is R4; the length of the second rectangular waveguide 32 is L2; the length of the receiving port 30 is D; the included angle between the receiving port and the nearest second rectangular waveguide is θ/2=360/8/2=22.5 degrees; the thickness of the microwave reflector 4 is Lr; the wall thicknesses of the main waveguide 1, the first circular waveguide 21, the first rectangular waveguide 22, the antenna switch tube 23, the second circular waveguide 31 and the second rectangular waveguide 32 are all d; the first rectangular waveguide 22, the antenna switch tube 23, the second rectangular waveguide 32, and the receiving port 30 have inner cross sections each having a wide length La and a narrow length Lb.
The approximate target values or ranges of all parameters are preset through the frequency of input microwaves:
R1＝R，
d = λ or 2 λ, θ/2=22.5 °,
wherein R is the waveguide radius of the microwave source, lambda is the waveguide wavelength of the microwave source, and N is a natural integer. R3 is determined by the dimensions of the first circular waveguide 21, the first rectangular waveguide 22 and the antenna switch tube 23.
Then, specific values of Lt, la and Lb are obtained according to the selection of the antenna switch tube and a corresponding user manual.
And then carrying out simulation optimization through an electromagnetic simulation software CST Microwave Studio developed by German CST company to obtain specific values of all parameters:
when the simulation conditions are as follows: when the antenna switch tube 23 is replaced by the special dielectric waveguide in the high power state, the transmission coefficient from the transmitting end to the antenna end is greater than-0.1 dB, and when the antenna switch tube 23 is replaced by the special dielectric waveguide in the low power state, the transmission coefficient from the antenna end to the receiving end is greater than-0.1 dB, so that the specific value of X can be obtained;
when the simulation conditions are as follows: the mode conversion efficiency of the single first rectangular waveguide 22 is greater than 95%, and when the terminal of the single first rectangular waveguide is connected with a dielectric waveguide replacing an excited-state antenna switch tube 23, the insertion loss of the annular branch waveguide component 2 is less than 0.1dB, and specific values of R2 and L1 can be obtained;
when the simulation conditions are: the microwave transmission coefficient is more than 90%, and specific values of L2, D, R3 and R4 can be obtained;
when the simulation conditions are as follows: the transmission coefficient of the combined structure of the annular branched waveguide assembly 2 and the microwave reflector 4 is less than 5%, and a specific value of Lr can be obtained.
In the embodiment, the range of each parameter is determined by inputting microwaves, and then the specific value is obtained through simulation, so that the isolation effect is good.
In the embodiment, the structure of the branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch is simple and reliable, and the branch type microwave antenna switch is designed based on the circular waveguide, can be better matched with a circular waveguide high-power microwave source, and does not need to additionally design a power divider; the first rectangular waveguide 22 is used for converting the TM01 mode into the TE10 mode, so that the mode converter does not need to be additionally designed; the used antenna switch tube 23 has small insertion loss, low power leaked by the antenna switch tube and high isolation, so that the isolation between the high-power microwave output by the microwave source and the receiver is high, and the isolation between the receiving end and the transmitting end of the radar is high; the waveguide structure is used and is vacuum, so that the power capacity is large; the branched first rectangular waveguide 22 is used for waveguide parallel connection of the antenna switch tube 23, and compared with a circulator and antenna switch tube 23 adopted by a traditional radar, the antenna switch tube has higher isolation and power capacity; moreover, the transmitting port 10, the antenna port 20 and the receiving port 30 are simultaneously arranged, in the transmitting state, high-power microwaves are input from the transmitting port 10 and output from the antenna port 20, and in the receiving state, the high-power microwaves are input from the antenna port 20 and output from the receiving port 30, so that the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are not required to be separately designed, and the transmitting and receiving sharing of the high-power microwave antenna switch is realized.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A branch type circular waveguide high-power microwave antenna switch is characterized by comprising: the waveguide comprises a main waveguide, an annular branch waveguide component and a waveguide resonant structure;
the inner ring of the annular branch waveguide component is sleeved on the main waveguide, and the waveguide resonant structure is arranged on the outer ring of the annular branch waveguide component;
one end of the main waveguide is a transmitting port, the other end of the main waveguide is an antenna port, and a receiving port is arranged on the waveguide resonant structure;
the annular branch waveguide component is provided with a transceiving structure for reflecting the high-power microwave input by the transmitting port, the reflected microwave signal is output through the antenna port, or the annular branch waveguide component is used for transmitting the microwave signal input by the antenna port, and the transmitted microwave signal is output through the receiving port;
the number of the annular branch waveguide assemblies is more than two, and each annular branch waveguide assembly is sleeved on the main waveguide at intervals along the axial direction of the main waveguide;
the waveguide resonant structure is arranged on the outer ring of one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies, and the outer rings of the other annular branch waveguide assemblies are provided with microwave reflectors;
each annular branch waveguide assembly comprises a first circular waveguide and a first rectangular waveguide;
the inner ring of the first circular waveguide is sleeved on the main waveguide, the number of the first rectangular waveguides is multiple, and the first rectangular waveguides are arranged on the outer ring of the first circular waveguide at intervals along the circumferential direction;
the receiving and transmitting structure comprises a plurality of antenna switch tubes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first rectangular waveguides, and the antenna switch tubes are connected to the first rectangular waveguides.
2. The branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide resonant structure is provided on the annular branched waveguide assembly closest to the antenna port.
3. The branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch according to claim 2, wherein the number of the annular branched waveguide components is two;
the waveguide resonant structure is arranged on the outer ring of one of the annular branch waveguide assemblies, and the microwave reflector is arranged on the outer ring of the other annular branch waveguide assembly.
4. The branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch according to claim 3, wherein the waveguide resonant structure is connected to the antenna switch tube corresponding to the annular branched waveguide assembly, and the microwave reflector is connected to the antenna switch tube corresponding to the annular branched waveguide assembly.
5. The branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch according to claim 4, wherein the waveguide resonant structure comprises a second circular waveguide and a second rectangular waveguide;
the number of the second rectangular waveguides is multiple, the second rectangular waveguides correspond to the antenna switch tubes on the annular branch waveguide assembly one by one, and the receiving ports are arranged on the outer ring of the second circular waveguide;
one end of each second rectangular waveguide is arranged on the inner ring of the second circular waveguide at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the other end of each second rectangular waveguide is connected with the corresponding antenna switch tube.
6. The branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch of claim 5, wherein said main waveguide is a solid of revolution structure;
each first rectangular waveguide, each antenna switch tube and each microwave reflector on the same annular branch waveguide component are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along a rotating shaft of the main waveguide;
and the second rectangular waveguides are rotationally and symmetrically distributed along the rotating shaft of the main waveguide.
7. The branched circular waveguide high power microwave antenna switch according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the number of the first rectangular waveguide, the antenna switch tube and the microwave reflector on the same annular branched waveguide assembly is 8; the number of the second rectangular waveguides is 8.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TW201411925A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-03-16 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corp | Integrated micro-plasma limiter |
| CN106998217A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-01 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of high power capacity Microwave emission and reception device and method |
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| US20190036194A1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-31 | Zte Corporation | Tunable antenna coupling unit (acu) for microwave digital radios |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW201411925A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-03-16 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corp | Integrated micro-plasma limiter |
| CN106998217A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-01 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of high power capacity Microwave emission and reception device and method |
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