CN113945764B - System and method for measuring dielectric constant of substance under composite field condition - Google Patents
System and method for measuring dielectric constant of substance under composite field condition Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
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Abstract
The application relates to a dielectric constant measuring system and a dielectric constant measuring method of a substance under a compound field condition, wherein a magnetic field generating module generates a magnetic field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements through an electric field generating module; the magnetic field generating module and the electric field generating module are sleeved together, a composite field environment is formed inside, and the magnetic field module testing hole and the electric field module testing hole are aligned; the test probe passes through the test hole and enters the environment of the compound field to detect the object to be detected; and calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signal measured by the test probe by the vector network analyzer. The application considers the response of the substance in a composite field environment where a certain electric field and a certain magnetic field exist to a specific electromagnetic field, builds a corresponding composite field environment during testing, realizes the measurement of the complex dielectric constant of the substance in the specific composite field environment, and provides more accurate basis for the selection and application of the specific dielectric constant substance under the engineering application of the composite field environment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of dielectric constant measurement, in particular to a system and a method for measuring the dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition.
Background
Complex permittivity is an important electromagnetic parameter of a substance, and is one of the intrinsic characteristic parameters of the substance. Different substances, the same substances in different states, are all characterized by complex dielectric constants, and scientific research and engineering applications generally need to measure the complex dielectric constants of the substances to study the characteristics of the substances or the states of the substances. Usually, the measurement of complex dielectric constant is performed by a measuring device such as a probe, etc., and the influence of test environment, a test system, etc. on the results is eliminated through a calibration process, but the measurement result after calibration still has a larger error with the complex dielectric constant of a substance applied in engineering. Therefore, the prior art has the problem of poor adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a dielectric constant measurement system and method for a substance under complex field conditions that can measure the complex dielectric constant of the substance under a specific complex field environment.
A system for measuring the dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition, the system comprising: the system comprises a magnetic field generation module, an electric field generation module, a test probe and a vector network analyzer;
the magnetic field generation module is used for generating a magnetic field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; the magnetic field generation module comprises a magnetic field module test hole;
the electric field generation module is used for generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; the electric field generation module comprises an electric field module test hole; the magnetic field generation module is sleeved with the electric field generation module, a composite field environment is formed inside the magnetic field generation module, and the magnetic field module test hole and the electric field module test hole are aligned;
the test probe is used for entering the environment of the composite field through a test hole to detect an object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with the vector network analyzer;
the vector network analyzer is used for calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signals measured by the test probe.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises: a test cartridge; when the object to be measured is non-solid, the test box is used for containing the non-solid object to be measured.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating module further comprises: the device comprises a first coil, a second coil, a thin dielectric cylinder, a first power amplifier and a first oscillating circuit;
the first coil and the second coil are arranged on the outer surface of the thin medium barrel; the magnetic field module testing hole is positioned between the first coil and the second coil;
the first oscillating circuit is used for generating exciting currents of the first coil and the second coil;
the first power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the exciting current.
In one embodiment, the electric field generating module further includes: the second oscillating circuit, the second power amplifier and the waveguide structure;
the second oscillating circuit is used for generating a high-frequency oscillating signal;
the second power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the high-frequency oscillation signal;
the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal surface and a lower metal surface; the electric field module test hole is positioned on the upper metal plate; the waveguide structure is used for generating electric field vector distribution perpendicular to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface.
In one embodiment, the electric field generating module further includes: coaxial cable and SMA joint;
one end of the coaxial cable is connected with the second power amplifier, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected with the SMA connector;
the outer conductor of the SMA connector is connected with the upper metal surface, and the inner core of the SMA connector is prolonged to form a feed probe so as to excite electric field vector distribution perpendicular to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface in the waveguide structure.
A method of measuring the dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition, the method comprising:
generating a magnetic field with specific frequency and intensity according to test requirements through a magnetic field generation module; the magnetic field generation module comprises a magnetic field module test hole;
generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements through an electric field generating module; the electric field generation module comprises an electric field module test hole; the magnetic field generation module is sleeved with the electric field generation module, a composite field environment is formed inside the magnetic field generation module, and the magnetic field module test hole and the electric field module test hole are aligned;
the test probe passes through the test hole and enters the environment of the composite field to detect an object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with a vector network analyzer;
and calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signal measured by the test probe through the vector network analyzer.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field generation module further comprises: the device comprises a first coil, a second coil, a thin dielectric cylinder, a first power amplifier and a first oscillating circuit;
generating excitation currents of the first coil and the second coil through the first oscillating circuit; the first coil and the second coil are arranged on the outer surface of the thin medium barrel; the magnetic field module testing hole is positioned between the first coil and the second coil;
and carrying out power amplification on the exciting current through the first power amplifier.
In one embodiment, the electric field generating module further comprises: the second oscillating circuit, the second power amplifier and the waveguide structure;
generating a high-frequency oscillation signal through the second oscillation circuit;
amplifying the power of the high-frequency oscillation signal through the second power amplifier;
generating an electric field vector distribution perpendicular to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface through the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal surface and a lower metal surface; the electric field module test hole is positioned on the upper metal plate.
In one embodiment, before the test probe passes through the test hole and enters the composite field environment to detect the object to be detected, the method further comprises:
calibrating a measurement system by using a material with a known complex dielectric constant to obtain the characteristic admittance of a test probe port;
placing an object to be tested into the environment of the composite field through the test hole; and when the detection object is non-solid, placing the non-solid object to be detected into a test box and then placing the test box into the environment of the composite field.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: acquiring signals measured by the test probe through the vector network analyzer;
obtaining the reflection coefficient of the object to be tested according to the signal measured by the test probe;
and obtaining the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the characteristic admittance and the reflection coefficient.
According to the system and the method for measuring the dielectric constant of the substance under the condition of the composite field, a magnetic field with specific frequency and strength is generated by a magnetic field generating module according to test requirements; generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements through an electric field generating module; the magnetic field generating module and the electric field generating module are sleeved together, a composite field environment is formed inside, and the magnetic field module testing hole and the electric field module testing hole are aligned; the test probe passes through the test hole and enters the environment of the compound field to detect the object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with the vector network analyzer; and calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signal measured by the test probe by the vector network analyzer. The application considers the response of the substance in a composite field environment where a certain electric field and a certain magnetic field exist to a specific electromagnetic field, builds a corresponding composite field environment during testing, realizes the measurement of the complex dielectric constant of the substance in the specific composite field environment, and provides more accurate basis for the selection and application of the specific dielectric constant substance under the engineering application of the composite field environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field generation module in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric field generating module in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an excitation structure of an electric field generating module in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a composite field environment generation in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the dielectric constant of a material under a composite field condition according to one embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of dielectric constant measurements of an open ended coaxial probe in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
A system for measuring the dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition, the system comprising: the system comprises a magnetic field generation module, an electric field generation module, a test probe and a vector network analyzer;
the magnetic field generation module is used for generating a magnetic field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; the magnetic field generating module comprises a magnetic field module test hole;
the electric field generation module is used for generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; the electric field generating module comprises an electric field module test hole; the magnetic field generating module and the electric field generating module are sleeved together, a composite field environment is formed inside, and the magnetic field module testing hole and the electric field module testing hole are aligned;
the test probe is used for entering the environment of the compound field through the test hole to detect the object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with the vector network analyzer; the vector network analyzer is used for calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signals measured by the test probe.
Constructing a specific composite field environment by combining a magnetic field generating module and an electric field generating module, wherein the environment comprises a magnetic field intensity B and a magnetic field frequency f B Electric field strength E and electric field frequency f E Subsequently, the substance to be measured is placed in the environmentThe testing process comprises calibration, measurement, data processing and the like.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises: a test cartridge; if the object to be tested is non-solid such as liquid, gel and the like, the object to be tested is required to be put into a test box and then put into the environment for testing.
The cartridge is a small, capless container of thin dielectric sheets, such as cubes, cylinders, etc., sized to receive the electric field generating module or the magnetic field generating module easily. During testing, the test box is placed in the composite field environment, and the probe enters the composite field environment through the test hole and contacts with an object to be tested, and the test is performed.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating module further comprises: the device comprises a first coil, a second coil, a thin dielectric cylinder, a first power amplifier and a first oscillating circuit; the first coil and the second coil are arranged on the outer surface of the thin medium cylinder; the magnetic field module test hole is positioned between the first coil and the second coil; the first oscillating circuit is used for generating exciting currents of the first coil and the second coil; the first power amplifier is used for power amplifying the exciting current.
Specifically, the magnetic field generating module generates a specific frequency f according to test requirements B And a magnetic field of strength B. As shown in FIG. 1, which is a schematic structure diagram of a magnetic field generating module, a coil 1 and a coil 2 are exciting coils of a magnetic field, and are arranged on the outer surface of a thin medium cylinder, and the coil 1 and the coil 2 are provided with a test hole for a test probe to extend into the support. The winding directions of the two coils are the same, and when the input current directions are the same, the magnetic fields in the same directions are excited. The coil 1 and the coil 2 are short in interval distance, and the interval distance only needs to be enough for the measurement probe to extend into, so that magnetic fields generated by the coil 1 and the coil 2 can be overlapped. The oscillating circuit generates exciting currents of the coil 1 and the coil 2, and power-amplifies the exciting currents according to the strength requirement B of the magnetic field environment. The oscillating circuit can generate high-frequency oscillating signal, and the frequency of the oscillating signal can be adjusted to meet the magnetic field frequency f B 。
In one embodiment, the electric field generating module further comprises: the second oscillating circuit, the second power amplifier, the waveguide structure, the coaxial cable and the SMA connector; the second oscillating circuit is used for generating a high-frequency oscillating signal; the second power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the high-frequency oscillation signal; the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal surface and a lower metal surface; the electric field module test hole is positioned on the upper metal plate; one end of the coaxial cable is connected with the second power amplifier, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected with the SMA connector; the outer conductor of the SMA joint is connected to the upper metal surface, and the inner core of the SMA joint is elongated to form a feed probe to excite an electric field vector distribution in the waveguide structure perpendicular to the upper and lower metal surfaces.
Specifically, the electric field generating module generates a specific frequency f according to test requirements E And an electric field of strength E. As shown in FIG. 2, the oscillating circuit generates a high frequency signal f with a frequency of E And the electric field is amplified by a power amplifier to ensure that the electric field generating module obtains an electric field with the intensity of E. The amplified electric signal is connected to a waveguide structure consisting of an upper metal plate and a lower metal plate by using a coaxial cable, test holes are reserved on the metal plates, the coaxial cable is connected to SMA joints of two ends of the waveguide structure, which are vertical to the upper plane and the lower plane, an outer conductor of the SMA joint is connected with the upper metal surface, an inner core of the SMA joint is prolonged to form a feed probe, and the electric field vector distribution of the vertical upper metal surface and the lower metal surface is excited in the waveguide structure, as shown in figure 3.
The composite field environment generation is completed by the magnetic field generation module and the electric field generation module, which are required to be assembled together, and as shown in fig. 4, the magnetic field generation module passes through the electric field generation module so that the test holes of the two modules are aligned.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a method for measuring dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition is provided, which includes the steps of:
step 502, generating a magnetic field with specific frequency and intensity according to test requirements through a magnetic field generation module; the magnetic field generation module comprises a magnetic field module test hole.
Step 504, generating an electric field with specific frequency and intensity according to test requirements through an electric field generation module; the electric field generating module comprises an electric field module test hole; the magnetic field generating module and the electric field generating module are sleeved together, a composite field environment is formed inside, and the magnetic field module testing holes and the electric field module testing holes are aligned.
Step 506, the object to be detected is detected by the test probe penetrating through the test hole and entering the composite field environment; the other end of the test probe is connected with the vector network analyzer.
And step 508, calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signals measured by the test probe through the vector network analyzer.
The dielectric constant measurement of the substance under the condition of the composite field is carried out in a composite field environment, the composite field environment is generated by a magnetic field generating module and an electric field generating module, the object to be measured is placed in the composite field environment, and if the object to be measured is a non-solid substance, the object to be measured is placed in the composite field environment after being placed in a test box. As shown in fig. 6, the complex permittivity of the test substance is achieved by a coaxial probe with an opening at the terminal, the probe passes through the test holes of the magnetic field generating module and the electric field generating module and directly contacts with the object to be tested, and the other end is connected with the vector network analyzer through a coaxial cable, so that the reflection coefficient of the object to be tested is measured, and the complex permittivity of the object to be tested can be obtained through calculation.
According to the system and the method for measuring the dielectric constant of the substance under the condition of the composite field, a magnetic field with specific frequency and strength is generated by a magnetic field generating module according to test requirements; generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements through an electric field generating module; the magnetic field generating module and the electric field generating module are sleeved together, a composite field environment is formed inside, and the magnetic field module testing hole and the electric field module testing hole are aligned; the test probe passes through the test hole and enters the environment of the compound field to detect the object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with the vector network analyzer; and calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signal measured by the test probe by the vector network analyzer. The application considers the response of the substance in a composite field environment where a certain electric field and a certain magnetic field exist to a specific electromagnetic field, builds a corresponding composite field environment during testing, realizes the measurement of the complex dielectric constant of the substance in the specific composite field environment, and provides more accurate basis for the selection and application of the specific dielectric constant substance under the engineering application of the composite field environment.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field generation module further comprises: the device comprises a first coil, a second coil, a thin dielectric cylinder, a first power amplifier and a first oscillating circuit; generating excitation currents of the first coil and the second coil through the first oscillating circuit; the first coil and the second coil are arranged on the outer surface of the thin medium cylinder; the magnetic field module test hole is positioned between the first coil and the second coil; the excitation current is power amplified by a first power amplifier.
In one embodiment, the electric field generating module further comprises: the second oscillating circuit, the second power amplifier and the waveguide structure; generating a high-frequency oscillation signal through a second oscillation circuit; amplifying the power of the high-frequency oscillation signal through a second power amplifier; generating electric field vector distribution vertical to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface through a waveguide structure; the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal surface and a lower metal surface; the electric field module test hole is positioned on the upper metal plate.
In one embodiment, prior to probing the test object through the test aperture into the complex field environment by the test probe, further comprising: calibrating a measurement system by using a material with a known complex dielectric constant to obtain the characteristic admittance of a test probe port; placing an object to be tested into the environment of the composite field through the test hole; when the detection object is non-solid, the non-solid object to be detected is placed in the test box and then placed in the environment of the compound field.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: acquiring signals measured by a test probe through a vector network analyzer; obtaining the reflection coefficient of the object to be tested according to the signal measured by the test probe; and obtaining the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the characteristic admittance and the reflection coefficient.
In one embodiment, the step of measuring the dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition is as follows:
(1) System and probe calibration
The system and the probe are calibrated by using materials with known complex dielectric constants, such as water, saline water with specific concentration, bakelite and the like, so as to obtain the characteristic admittance Y of the probe port c 。
(2) Reflection system for testing object to be tested
Placing the object to be measured in a composite field environment, and measuring the object to be measured by using a probe to obtain a reflection coefficient gamma between a probe port and the object to be measured in 。
(3) Determination of complex dielectric constant of object to be measured by reflectance
Knowing the characteristic admittance Y of the probe port c And a reflection coefficient Γ in By the following constitutionObtaining equivalent input admittance Y in 。，Y in Is complex dielectric constant epsilon of the object to be measured r The complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured can be determined by Y in ＝jωC f +jωC 0 ε r Obtained by, wherein C f Representing the capacitance value of the end edge of the coaxial probe, C 0 The capacitance value without the analyte is shown.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 5 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 5 may include multiple sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor do the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps or other steps.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A system for measuring the dielectric constant of a substance under a composite field condition, the system comprising: the system comprises a magnetic field generation module, an electric field generation module, a test probe and a vector network analyzer;
the magnetic field generation module is used for generating a magnetic field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; the magnetic field generating module comprises a magnetic field module testing hole, a first coil, a second coil, a thin medium barrel, a first power amplifier and a first oscillating circuit;
the first coil and the second coil are arranged on the outer surface of the thin medium barrel; the magnetic field module testing hole is positioned between the first coil and the second coil;
the first oscillating circuit is used for generating exciting currents of the first coil and the second coil;
the first power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the exciting current;
the electric field generation module is used for generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements; the electric field generating module comprises an electric field module test hole, a second oscillating circuit, a second power amplifier and a waveguide structure;
the second oscillating circuit is used for generating a high-frequency oscillating signal;
the second power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the high-frequency oscillation signal;
the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal surface and a lower metal surface; the electric field module test hole is positioned on the upper metal surface; the waveguide structure is used for generating electric field vector distribution perpendicular to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface;
the magnetic field generation module is sleeved with the electric field generation module, a composite field environment is formed inside the magnetic field generation module, and the magnetic field module test hole and the electric field module test hole are aligned;
the test probe is used for entering the environment of the composite field through a test hole to detect an object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with the vector network analyzer;
the vector network analyzer is used for calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signals measured by the test probe.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a test cartridge; when the object to be measured is non-solid, the test box is used for containing the non-solid object to be measured.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the electric field generation module further comprises: coaxial cable and SMA joint;
one end of the coaxial cable is connected with the second power amplifier, and the other end of the coaxial cable is connected with the SMA connector;
the outer conductor of the SMA connector is connected with the upper metal surface, and the inner core of the SMA connector is prolonged to form a feed probe so as to excite electric field vector distribution perpendicular to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface in the waveguide structure.
4. A method for measuring the dielectric constant of a substance in a composite field, the method comprising:
generating a magnetic field with specific frequency and intensity according to test requirements through a magnetic field generation module; the magnetic field generating module comprises a magnetic field module testing hole, a first coil, a second coil, a thin medium barrel, a first power amplifier and a first oscillating circuit;
generating excitation currents of the first coil and the second coil through the first oscillating circuit; the first coil and the second coil are arranged on the outer surface of the thin medium barrel; the magnetic field module testing hole is positioned between the first coil and the second coil;
power amplifying the excitation current by the first power amplifier;
generating an electric field with specific frequency and strength according to test requirements through an electric field generating module; the electric field generating module comprises an electric field module test hole, a second oscillating circuit, a second power amplifier and a waveguide structure;
generating a high-frequency oscillation signal through the second oscillation circuit, amplifying the power of the high-frequency oscillation signal through the second power amplifier, wherein the waveguide structure comprises an upper metal surface and a lower metal surface, generating electric field vector distribution vertical to the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface through the waveguide structure, and the electric field module test hole is positioned on the upper metal surface;
the magnetic field generation module is sleeved with the electric field generation module, a composite field environment is formed inside the magnetic field generation module, and the magnetic field module test hole and the electric field module test hole are aligned;
the test probe passes through the test hole and enters the environment of the composite field to detect an object to be detected; the other end of the test probe is connected with a vector network analyzer;
and calculating the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the signal measured by the test probe through the vector network analyzer.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, prior to probing the test object by a test probe through a test aperture into the complex field environment:
calibrating a measurement system by using a material with a known complex dielectric constant to obtain the characteristic admittance of a test probe port;
placing an object to be tested into the environment of the composite field through the test hole; and when the object to be detected is non-solid, placing the non-solid object to be detected into a test box and then placing the test box into the environment of the composite field.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein calculating, by the vector network analyzer, the complex permittivity of the test object from the signal measured by the test probe comprises:
acquiring signals measured by the test probe through the vector network analyzer;
obtaining the reflection coefficient of the object to be tested according to the signal measured by the test probe;
and obtaining the complex dielectric constant of the object to be measured according to the characteristic admittance and the reflection coefficient.
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