CN113945289B - Optical fiber polarization phase detection system and detection method - Google Patents
Optical fiber polarization phase detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber distributed sensors, and provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system and an optical fiber polarization phase detection method. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system comprises an optical amplifying module, an optical branching module, a polarization detection module and a phase demodulation module; the optical amplifying module is used for amplifying an input optical signal transmitted by the input optical fiber; the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four paths of optical signals; the polarization detection module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection of a 1/4 wave plate on the four equally divided optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values; the phase demodulation module is used for calculating Stokes parameters according to the optical power value output by the polarization analysis module, further obtaining a quadrature signal of the phase of the incident light, and obtaining the phase value of the incident light through arctangent calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber distributed sensors, and particularly relates to an optical fiber polarization phase detection system and an optical fiber polarization phase detection method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In the current market, the optical fiber distributed sensing measurement mainly adopts an extremely long coherent narrow linewidth laser to input pulse laser to a common single-mode fiber, returns Rayleigh scattering to form self-coherent stripes, and finally measures an optical signal through a high-speed avalanche diode. When a part of common optical fiber is affected by external mechanical vibration or sound pressure, the intensity of returned Rayleigh scattering light is changed, so that the external vibration condition can be measured. The optical fiber distributed sensing measurement system can be applied to various fields such as oil pipelines, boundary defense and the like.
When the optical fiber distributed sensing system detects vibration nearby the optical fiber, the system generally adopts a direct measurement method or a coherent measurement method. The direct measurement method is to measure the return light power by adopting a diode to be broken APD; the coherent measurement rule is to use a light balance detector to interfere the return light and the light output by the original narrow linewidth laser, and finally obtain interference light.
The inventor finds that the direct measurement method and the coherent measurement method are difficult to cope with the vibration of the optical fiber under different conditions, and the main reason is that the intensity of the vibration of the optical fiber from the outside and the measured light intensity cannot be directly calibrated, the external vibration signal cannot be directly measured, and only the distance of the vibrating optical fiber can be measured. Meanwhile, the interference of the outside on the optical fiber is obvious, and the vibration condition cannot be accurately measured under the urban environment condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system and a detection method, which can reduce external interference and improve the accuracy of phase detection.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system, which comprises an optical amplification module, an optical branching module, a polarization detection module and a phase demodulation module;
the optical amplifying module is used for amplifying an input optical signal transmitted by the input optical fiber;
the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four paths of optical signals;
the polarization detection module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection of a 1/4 wave plate on the four equally divided optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values;
the phase demodulation module is used for calculating Stokes parameters according to the optical power value output by the polarization analysis module, further obtaining a quadrature signal of the phase of the incident light, and obtaining the phase value of the incident light through arctangent calculation.
As one embodiment, the phase demodulation module includes an adder circuit, two double-superposition circuits, two subtractor circuits, and an arctangent circuit;
the adder circuit is used for superposing signals after horizontal polarization detection and vertical polarization detection;
the first double superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the signal subjected to 45-degree polarization analysis, inputting the signal into the first subtracter, and carrying out difference between the superimposed signal output by the first subtracter and the adder circuit to obtain a cosine signal of a phase;
the second double superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the optical signal added with the 45-degree polarization analysis of the 1/4 wave plate, inputting the optical signal into the second subtracter, and carrying out difference between the second subtracter and the superposition signal output by the adder circuit to obtain a phase sine signal;
the arctangent circuit is used for obtaining a phase signal value according to the phase sine signal and the phase cosine signal.
As one embodiment, the optical amplification module comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier connected to an input optical fiber.
As one embodiment, the input optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber.
As an implementation manner, the optical branching module comprises a 1*4 optical branching device, and the output end of the 1*4 optical branching device is four polarized optical fiber heads.
As an implementation mode, a photodiode is further connected in series between the polarization analysis module and the phase demodulation module.
As one embodiment, the polarization analyzer module comprises four channels.
As an implementation mode, four channels of the polarization detection module are respectively provided with four polaroids, the optical axis direction of the first polaroid is parallel to the horizontal direction, the optical axis direction of the second polaroid is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, the included angle between the optical axis direction of the third polaroid and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, the included angle between the optical axis direction of the fourth polaroid and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, a 1/4 wave plate is further attached to the fourth polaroid, and the directions of the 1/4 wave plates are mutually perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of detecting a polarization phase of an optical fiber, comprising:
amplifying an input optical signal transmitted from an input optical fiber;
dividing the amplified optical signal into four paths of optical signals;
respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis on the four equally divided optical signals, and adding the 1/4 wave plate to obtain corresponding optical power values;
according to the corresponding optical power value, stokes parameters are calculated, so that orthogonal signals of the phase of the incident light are obtained, and then the phase value of the incident light is obtained through arctangent calculation.
As one embodiment, the stokes parameters include total light intensity, a linearly polarized light component in a horizontal direction, a linearly polarized light component in a 45-degree polarization direction, and a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention amplifies and compensates the input optical signal transmitted by the input optical fiber, and can obtain stronger pulse optical signal to improve the signal to noise ratio of the optical signal after the optical is equally divided into four paths, thereby improving the accuracy of calculating the phase value of the incident light.
(2) The invention equally divides the amplified optical signals into four paths of optical signals, ensures that each path of optical signals has the same polarization state and phase difference value, and provides guarantee for obtaining accurate polarization signals of the four paths of optical signals after subsequent equally division.
(3) According to the invention, the optical fiber and the photodiode are coupled and provided with the polaroid and the wave plate, so that the interference of external environment is reduced, the phase-related orthogonal signal can be obtained through a Stokes parameter calculation method, and the polarization state angle of light can be obtained.
(4) The phase demodulation module is realized by adopting an analog circuit, can maintain the original processing signal as much as possible, avoids losing signal components, is easy to realize, and can simply calculate the angles of the quadrature signals and the polarization states related to the phase.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber polarization phase detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1, inputting an optical fiber; 2. a semiconductor optical amplifier; 3. 1*4 beam splitters; 4. a polarizing fiber optic head; 5. a first analyzer plate; 6. a second analyzer plate; 7. a third analyzer plate; 8. a fourth analyzer plate; 9. a photodiode; 10. an adder circuit; 11. a first double-superposition circuit; 12. a second double-superposition circuit; 13. a first subtracter; 14. a second subtracter; 15. an arctangent circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system, which includes an optical amplifying module, an optical branching module, an optical polarization detecting module, and a phase demodulating module.
Specifically, the optical amplifying module is configured to amplify an input optical signal transmitted from the input optical fiber 1.
Wherein the optical amplification module comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier 2 connected to an input optical fiber 1.
The input optical fiber 1 is connected with the return optical signal, and the weak return optical signal is amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier 2, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak signal is improved. The polarization state and the phase change of the optical signal are not randomly changed after passing through the semiconductor optical amplifier 2.
The input optical fiber 4 is a single-mode optical fiber, so that the rayleigh scattered light returned by the optical fiber distributed sensor is amplified, but the wavelength and the light pulse width of the light are not changed.
Specifically, the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four paths of optical signals.
The optical branching module comprises a 1*4 optical branching device 3, and the output end of the 1*4 optical branching device 3 is provided with four polarized optical fiber heads 4. The four light paths are respectively formed by polarization maintaining optical fibers. The four polarization fiber heads are fiber collimators, and the fiber collimators adopt Glens. The end face of the Glens collimator may be attached to a polarizer and a wave plate. The light output by the four polarizing fibers is in the same state, namely the polarization state and the phase are the same. The fast axis of the output end of the 1*4 optical splitter 3 is parallel or perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
In a specific implementation, the polarization-detecting module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection with a 1/4 wave plate on the four paths of equally divided optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values.
Specifically, the polarization-detecting module comprises four channels. Four channels of the polarization detection module are respectively provided with four polaroids, the optical axis direction of the first polaroid 5 is parallel to the horizontal direction, the optical axis direction of the second polaroid 6 is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, the included angle between the optical axis direction of the third polaroid 7 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, the included angle between the optical axis direction of the fourth polaroid 8 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, a 1/4 wave plate is further attached to the fourth polaroid, and the directions of the 1/4 wave plates are mutually perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
Specifically, the first channel is attached with a first polarizer 5 using a Glens collimator. The first polarizer 5 of this channel has an optical axis direction parallel to the horizontal direction.
The second channel is attached with a second polarizer 6 using a Glens collimator. The second polarizer 6 of this channel has an optical axis oriented perpendicular to the horizontal.
The third channel is attached with a third polarizer 7 using a Glens collimator. The angle between the optical axis direction of the third polarizer 7 of this channel and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees.
The fourth channel is attached with a fourth polarizer 8 using a Glens collimator. The included angle between the optical axis direction of the fourth polaroid 8 of the channel and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, a 1/4 wave plate is also attached, and the wave plate direction is perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
As an implementation manner, a photodiode 9 is further connected in series between the polarization-detecting module and the phase demodulation module. The four channels are coupled to the photodiode 9 such that the photodiode 9 receives the optical signals of the four channels.
In a specific implementation, the phase demodulation module is configured to calculate stokes parameters according to the optical power value output by the polarization analysis module, further obtain a quadrature signal of the phase of the incident light, and then obtain the phase value of the incident light through arctangent calculation.
Specifically, the phase demodulation module includes an adder circuit 10, two double-superposition circuits, two subtractor circuits, and an arctangent circuit 15;
the adder circuit 10 is used for superposing signals after horizontal polarization detection and vertical polarization detection;
the first double superposition circuit 11 is configured to double-amplify the signal after 45-degree polarization analysis, and input the signal to the first subtractor 13, and perform a difference between the superimposed signal output by the first subtractor 13 and the adder circuit 10 to obtain a phase cosine signal;
the second double-superposition circuit 12 is configured to double-amplify the optical signal with the 1/4 wave plate added with the 45-degree polarization analyzer, and input the amplified optical signal to the second subtractor 14, and perform a difference between the superimposed signal output by the second subtractor 14 and the adder circuit 10 to obtain a sinusoidal signal of a phase;
the arctangent circuit 15 is used for obtaining a phase signal value according to the phase sine signal and the phase cosine signal.
The working principle of the phase demodulation module is as follows:
the stokes parameters of light can detect the polarization state and phase of light for a certain period of time. Typically we can use 4 Stokes parameters I, Q, U, V.
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,
and->
Represents the electric field amplitude in the horizontal and vertical directions, phi y (t) and phi x And (t) is a phase representing the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The Stokes parameters I, Q, U, V all have dimensions of light intensity. I represents the total light intensity; q represents a linearly polarized light component in the horizontal direction; u represents a 45-degree polarization direction linearly polarized light component; v represents the right circularly polarized light component.
The optical power that can be measured for each of the 4 channels employed can be expressed as:
light power I transmitted by the transmission axis of the polaroid in the horizontal direction 0 The method comprises the following steps:
polarizing plate light transmission axisLight power I transmitted in vertical direction 90 The method comprises the following steps:
A x a magnitude of light intensity transmitted in a horizontal direction; a is that y The amplitude of transmitted light is in the vertical direction.
The light power I transmitted by the light transmission shaft of the polaroid when the included angle between the light transmission shaft and the horizontal direction is 45 DEG 45 The method comprises the following steps:
the light power I transmitted by the polarizer when the light transmission axis passes through the 1/4 wave plate after forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction λ、4，45 The method comprises the following steps:
from the above-mentioned measurable optical power values, stokes parameters can be calculated:
the U and V parameters of Stockes are orthogonal signals, and the phase of incident light can be calculated by arctangent calculationBit value
Setting the instantaneous light polarization state angle beta (t) from the optical fiber input to the optical fiber polarization phase high-speed detection system, and setting the phase value as
After the water signal passes through the semiconductor optical amplifier 2 and the 1*4 optical splitter 3, the polarization state angle and the phase value of the optical signal are unchanged.
The power value of the instantaneous optical signal obtained by the first channel is:
A 0 representing the intensity amplitude of the instantaneous optical signal.
The power value of the instantaneous optical signal obtained by the second channel is
The power value of the instantaneous optical signal obtained by the third channel is
The power value of the instantaneous optical signal obtained by the fourth channel is
After the first channel and the second channel enter the adder, the obtained optical power signal is:
the third channel signal is amplified twice and then is input to the subtracter together with the signal of the adder, and the obtained optical power signal is:
the fourth channel signal is amplified twice and then is input to the subtracter together with the signal of the adder, and the obtained optical power signal is:
after the two orthogonal signals enter the arctangent signal processor at the same time, a phase signal is obtained:
example two
The embodiment provides a method for detecting a polarization phase of an optical fiber, which comprises the following steps:
amplifying an input optical signal transmitted from an input optical fiber;
dividing the amplified optical signal into four paths of optical signals;
respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis on the four equally divided optical signals, and adding the 1/4 wave plate to obtain corresponding optical power values;
according to the corresponding optical power value, stokes parameters are calculated, so that orthogonal signals of the phase of the incident light are obtained, and then the phase value of the incident light is obtained through arctangent calculation.
The Stokes parameters comprise total light intensity, a linearly polarized light component in the horizontal direction, a linearly polarized light component in the 45-degree polarization direction and a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system is characterized by comprising an optical amplification module, an optical branching module, a polarization detection module and a phase demodulation module;
the optical amplifying module is used for amplifying an input optical signal transmitted by the input optical fiber;
the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four paths of optical signals;
the polarization detection module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection of a 1/4 wave plate on the four equally divided optical signals, and obtaining corresponding optical power values through the photodiodes;
the phase demodulation module is used for calculating Stokes parameters according to the optical power value output by the photodiode, so as to obtain a quadrature signal of the phase of the incident light, and obtaining the phase value of the incident light through arctangent calculation;
the phase demodulation module comprises an adder circuit, two double superposition circuits, two subtracter circuits and an arctangent circuit;
the adder circuit is used for superposing signals after horizontal polarization detection and vertical polarization detection;
the first double superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the signal subjected to 45-degree polarization analysis, inputting the signal into the first subtracter, and carrying out difference between the superimposed signal output by the first subtracter and the adder circuit to obtain a cosine signal of a phase;
the second double superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the optical signal added with the 45-degree polarization analysis of the 1/4 wave plate, inputting the optical signal into the second subtracter, and carrying out difference between the second subtracter and the superposition signal output by the adder circuit to obtain a phase sine signal;
the arctangent circuit is used for obtaining a phase signal value according to the phase sine signal and the phase cosine signal.
2. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system of claim 1, wherein the optical amplification module comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier coupled to the input optical fiber.
3. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system of claim 2, wherein the input optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber.
4. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1 wherein the optical splitter module comprises a 1*4 optical splitter, the output of the 1*4 optical splitter being four polarizing fiber heads.
5. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1, wherein the polarization analysis module comprises four channels.
6. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system according to claim 5, wherein four channels of the polarization detection module are respectively provided with four polarizers, the optical axis direction of the first polarizer is parallel to the horizontal direction, the optical axis direction of the second polarizer is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, the included angle between the optical axis direction of the third polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, the included angle between the optical axis direction of the fourth polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, and a 1/4 wave plate is attached to the fourth polarizer, and the directions of the 1/4 wave plates are mutually perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
7. The method for detecting a fiber optic polarization phase detection system according to claims 1 to 6, comprising:
amplifying an input optical signal transmitted from an input optical fiber;
dividing the amplified optical signal into four paths of optical signals;
respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis on the four equally divided optical signals, and adding the 1/4 wave plate to obtain corresponding optical power values;
according to the corresponding optical power value, stokes parameters are calculated, so that orthogonal signals of the phase of the incident light are obtained, and then the phase value of the incident light is obtained through arctangent calculation.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the stokes parameters include total light intensity, a linearly polarized light component in a horizontal direction, a linearly polarized light component in a 45 degree polarization direction, and a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
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