CN113945289A - Optical fiber polarization phase detection system and detection method - Google Patents
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- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber distributed sensors, and provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system and a detection method. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system comprises an optical amplification module, an optical branching module, a polarization analysis module and a phase demodulation module; the optical amplification module is used for amplifying an input optical signal transmitted by an input optical fiber; the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four optical signals; the polarization analyzing module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis, 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis of an added 1/4 wave plate on the equally divided four paths of optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values; the phase demodulation module is used for calculating a Stokes parameter according to the light power value output by the polarization analysis module so as to obtain an orthogonal signal of an incident light phase, and then obtaining a phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber distributed sensors, and particularly relates to an optical fiber polarization phase detection system and a detection method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In the current market, the optical fiber distributed sensing measurement mainly adopts an extremely long coherent narrow linewidth laser to input pulse laser to a common single-mode optical fiber, returns Rayleigh scattering to form a self-coherent stripe, and finally measures an optical signal through a high-speed avalanche diode. When a part of common optical fibers are influenced by external mechanical vibration or sound pressure, the intensity of the returned Rayleigh scattering light is changed, so that the external vibration condition can be measured. The optical fiber distributed sensing measurement system can be applied to various fields of oil pipelines, boundary defense and the like.
When the optical fiber distributed sensing system detects the vibration near the optical fiber, the system generally adopts a direct measurement method or a coherent measurement method. The direct measurement method is to measure the power of the returned light by adopting an avalanche diode (APD); the coherent measurement method is to adopt an optical balance detector to perform mutual interference on return light and light output by original narrow linewidth laser, and finally obtain interference light.
The inventor finds that the direct measurement method and the coherent measurement method are difficult to cope with the optical fiber vibration under different conditions, and the main reason is that the external intensity of the optical fiber vibration and the measured light intensity cannot be directly calibrated, the external vibration signal cannot be directly measured, and only the distance of the vibrating optical fiber can be measured. Meanwhile, the interference of the outside to the optical fiber is very obvious, and the vibration condition cannot be accurately measured under the urban environment condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system and a detection method, which can reduce external interference and improve the accuracy of phase detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system, which comprises an optical amplification module, an optical branching module, a polarization analysis module and a phase demodulation module;
the optical amplification module is used for amplifying an input optical signal transmitted by an input optical fiber;
the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four optical signals;
the polarization analyzing module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis, 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis of an added 1/4 wave plate on the equally divided four paths of optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values;
the phase demodulation module is used for calculating a Stokes parameter according to the light power value output by the polarization analysis module so as to obtain an orthogonal signal of an incident light phase, and then obtaining a phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
As an embodiment, the phase demodulation module includes an adder circuit, two double superposition circuits, two subtractor circuits, and an arc tangent circuit;
the adder circuit is used for superposing the signals after horizontal polarization detection and vertical polarization detection;
the first double superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the signal subjected to polarization detection of 45 degrees, inputting the signal into the first subtracter, and carrying out subtraction on the superposed signal output by the first subtracter and the adder circuit to obtain a cosine signal of a phase;
the second double-fold superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the optical signal subjected to polarization detection of 45 degrees and added with the 1/4 wave plates, inputting the optical signal into the second subtracter, and carrying out difference on the superposed signal output by the second subtracter and the adder circuit to obtain a phase sinusoidal signal;
the arc tangent circuit is used for obtaining a phase signal value according to the sine signal of the phase and the cosine signal of the phase.
In one embodiment, the optical amplification module includes a semiconductor optical amplifier connected to an input optical fiber.
In one embodiment, the input fiber is a single mode fiber.
In one embodiment, the optical branching module includes a 1 × 4 optical splitter, and the output end of the 1 × 4 optical splitter is four polarization optical fiber heads.
In one embodiment, a photodiode is further connected in series between the polarization analyzing module and the phase demodulating module.
In one embodiment, the analyzer module comprises four channels.
In one embodiment, four channels of the polarization analysis module are respectively provided with four polarizers, an optical axis direction of a first polarizer is parallel to a horizontal direction, an optical axis direction of a second polarizer is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, an included angle between an optical axis direction of a third polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, an included angle between an optical axis direction of a fourth polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, an 1/4 wave plate is further attached to the fourth polarizer, and a direction of a 1/4 wave plate is perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for detecting polarization phase of an optical fiber, including:
amplifying an input optical signal transmitted from an input optical fiber;
equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four optical signals;
respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection added with 1/4 wave plates on the equally divided four paths of optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values;
and calculating the Stokes parameters according to the corresponding light power values to further obtain orthogonal signals of the incident light phase, and then obtaining the phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
In one embodiment, the stokes parameters include total light intensity, a horizontally linearly polarized light component, a 45 degree polarization linearly polarized light component, and a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can amplify and compensate the input optical signal transmitted by the input optical fiber, and can obtain stronger pulse optical signal, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal after the light is equally divided into four paths, thereby improving the accuracy of calculating the phase value of the incident light.
(2) The invention equally divides the amplified optical signals into four paths of optical signals, ensures that each path of optical signal has the same polarization state and phase difference value, and provides guarantee for obtaining accurate polarization signals of the four paths of optical signals after subsequent averaging.
(3) The invention couples the optical fiber and the photodiode and installs the polaroid and the wave plate, reduces the interference of the external environment, can obtain the phase-related orthogonal signal by the Stokes parameter calculation method, and can also obtain the polarization state angle of the light.
(4) The phase demodulation module is realized by adopting an analog circuit, can keep the original processing signal as much as possible, avoids the loss of signal components, is easy to realize, and can simply calculate the phase-related orthogonal signal and the angle of the polarization state.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber polarization phase detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, inputting optical fiber; 2. a semiconductor optical amplifier; 3. 1 x 4 beam splitter; 4. a polarized fiber optic head; 5. a first analyzer plate; 6. a second analyzer plate; 7. a third analyzer plate; 8. a fourth analyzer plate; 9. a photodiode; 10. an adder circuit; 11. a first double superimposing circuit; 12. a second double superposition circuit; 13. a first subtractor; 14. a second subtractor; 15. an arctan circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection system, which includes an optical amplification module, an optical branching module, a polarization analysis module, and a phase demodulation module.
Specifically, the optical amplification module is configured to amplify an input optical signal transmitted from the input optical fiber 1.
Wherein the optical amplification module comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier 2 connected to an input optical fiber 1.
The input optical fiber 1 is connected with the return optical signal, and the weak return optical signal is amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier 2, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak signal is improved. The polarization state and phase change of the optical signal are not changed randomly after passing through the semiconductor optical amplifier 2.
The input optical fiber 4 is a single mode optical fiber, so that rayleigh scattered light returned by the optical fiber distributed sensor is amplified without changing the wavelength and the optical pulse width of light.
Specifically, the optical splitting module is configured to equally split the amplified optical signal into four optical signals.
The optical splitting module comprises a 1 × 4 optical splitter 3, and the output end of the 1 × 4 optical splitter 3 is provided with four polarized optical fiber heads 4. The four optical paths are respectively composed of polarization maintaining fibers. The four polarized optical fiber heads are optical fiber collimators which adopt Glens. The end face of the Glens collimator can be pasted with a polaroid and a wave plate. The light output by the four polarization fibers is in the same state, namely the polarization state and the phase are the same. The fast axis of the output end of the 1 x 4 optical splitter 3 is parallel or vertical to the horizontal direction.
In specific implementation, the polarization analyzing module is configured to perform horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis, 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis, and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis with an 1/4 wave plate on the equally divided four optical signals, respectively, to obtain corresponding optical power values.
Specifically, the polarization analyzing module comprises four channels. Four passageways of the polarization detection module are respectively provided with four polaroids, the 5 optical axis direction of the first polaroid is parallel to the horizontal direction, the 6 optical axis direction of the second polaroid is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, the 7 optical axis direction of the third polaroid is 45 degrees with the horizontal direction included angle, the 8 optical axis direction of the fourth polaroid is 45 degrees with the horizontal direction included angle and the 1/4 wave plates are further attached to the fourth polaroid, and the 1/4 wave plates are perpendicular to each other.
Specifically, the first channel is attached to a first polarizer 5 using a Glens collimator. The optical axis direction of the first polarizer 5 of this channel is parallel to the horizontal direction.
The second channel is attached to a second polarizer 6 using a Glens collimator. The optical axis of the second polarizer 6 of this channel is oriented perpendicular to the horizontal.
The third channel is attached to a third polarizer 7 using a Glens collimator. The optical axis of the third polarizer 7 of this channel makes an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal.
The fourth channel is attached to a fourth polarizer 8 using a Glens collimator. The optical axis of the fourth polarizer 8 of this channel is at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal and is further attached with 1/4 wave plates, and the directions of the wave plates are perpendicular to the horizontal.
In one embodiment, a photodiode 9 is further connected in series between the polarization analyzing module and the phase demodulating module. The four channels are coupled to the photodiode 9, so that the photodiode 9 receives the optical signals of the four channels.
In a specific implementation, the phase demodulation module is configured to calculate a stokes parameter according to an optical power value output by the polarization analysis module, so as to obtain an orthogonal signal of an incident light phase, and then obtain a phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
Specifically, the phase demodulation module includes an adder circuit 10, two double superposition circuits, two subtractor circuits, and an arctan circuit 15;
the adder circuit 10 is used for adding the signals after horizontal and vertical polarization detection;
the first double superposition circuit 11 is used for double amplifying the 45-degree polarization-detected signal, inputting the signal to the first subtracter 13, and subtracting the superposed signal output by the adder circuit 10 through the first subtracter 13 to obtain a cosine signal of a phase;
the second double-fold superposition circuit 12 is configured to double-amplify the optical signal subjected to polarization detection with 45 degrees and added with the 1/4 wave plate, input the amplified optical signal to the second subtractor 14, and obtain a phase sinusoidal signal by subtracting the superimposed signal output by the adder circuit 10 from the second subtractor 14;
the arctangent circuit 15 is used for obtaining a phase signal value according to the phase sine signal and the phase cosine signal.
The working principle of the phase demodulation module is as follows:
the stokes parameter of the light can detect the polarization state and phase of the light for a certain period of time. Generally we can use the 4 Stokes (Stokes) parameters I, Q, U, V.
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
and
denotes the amplitude of the electric field in the horizontal and vertical directions, phiy(t) and phix(t) represents the phase in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The Stokes parameter I, Q, U, V all have dimensions for light intensity. I represents total light intensity; q represents a linearly polarized light component in the horizontal direction; u represents a linearly polarized light component with a polarization direction of 45 degrees; v represents a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
The optical power measured by the 4 channels can be expressed as:
optical power I of polaroid transmission axis transmitting in horizontal direction0Comprises the following steps:
optical power I of transmission axis of polaroid in vertical direction90Comprises the following steps:
Axthe light intensity amplitude transmitted in the horizontal direction; a. theyThe intensity amplitude of the transmitted light is in the vertical direction.
Optical power I transmitted by polarizer when included angle of 45 degrees with horizontal direction45Comprises the following steps:
the optical power I of the light transmitted by the polarizer when the included angle between the transmission axis of the polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees and the light passes through the 1/4 wave plateλ、4，45Comprises the following steps:
from the above-mentioned measurable optical power values, the stokes parameter can be calculated:
the U and V parameters of the stocks are orthogonal signals, and the phase value of the incident light can be calculated through the calculation of the arctangent
Setting the instantaneous light polarization state angle beta (t) and phase value beta (t) input from the optical fiber to the optical fiber polarization phase high-speed detection system
After the water signal passes through the semiconductor optical amplifier 2 and the 1 x 4 optical splitter 3, the polarization state angle and the phase value of the optical signal are unchanged.
The power value of the instantaneous optical signal obtained by the first channel is:
A0representing the magnitude of the intensity of the instantaneous light signal.
The second channel obtains an instantaneous optical signal having a power value of
The third channel obtains the instantaneous optical signal with a power value of
The fourth channel obtains the instantaneous optical signal with a power value of
After the first channel and the second channel enter the adder, the obtained optical power signal is:
after the third channel signal is amplified twice, the amplified third channel signal and the signal of the adder are simultaneously input into the subtracter, and the obtained optical power signal is as follows:
after the fourth channel signal is amplified twice, the fourth channel signal and the signal of the adder are simultaneously input into the subtracter, and the obtained optical power signal is as follows:
after the two orthogonal signals simultaneously enter the arc tangent signal processor, phase signals are obtained:
example two
The embodiment provides an optical fiber polarization phase detection method, which comprises the following steps:
amplifying an input optical signal transmitted from an input optical fiber;
equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four optical signals;
respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection added with 1/4 wave plates on the equally divided four paths of optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values;
and calculating the Stokes parameters according to the corresponding light power values to further obtain orthogonal signals of the incident light phase, and then obtaining the phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
Wherein the stokes parameter comprises total light intensity, a linear polarized light component in the horizontal direction, a linear polarized light component in the 45-degree polarization direction and a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The optical fiber polarization phase detection system is characterized by comprising an optical amplification module, an optical branching module, a polarization analysis module and a phase demodulation module;
the optical amplification module is used for amplifying an input optical signal transmitted by an input optical fiber;
the optical branching module is used for equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four optical signals;
the polarization analyzing module is used for respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization analysis, vertical polarization direction polarization analysis, 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis and 45-degree polarization direction polarization analysis of an added 1/4 wave plate on the equally divided four paths of optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values;
the phase demodulation module is used for calculating a Stokes parameter according to the light power value output by the polarization analysis module so as to obtain an orthogonal signal of an incident light phase, and then obtaining a phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
2. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1, wherein the phase demodulation module comprises an adder circuit, two double overlap circuits, two subtractor circuits, and an arctan circuit;
the adder circuit is used for superposing the signals after horizontal polarization detection and vertical polarization detection;
the first double superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the signal subjected to polarization detection of 45 degrees, inputting the signal into the first subtracter, and carrying out subtraction on the superposed signal output by the first subtracter and the adder circuit to obtain a cosine signal of a phase;
the second double-fold superposition circuit is used for carrying out double amplification on the optical signal subjected to polarization detection of 45 degrees and added with the 1/4 wave plates, inputting the optical signal into the second subtracter, and carrying out difference on the superposed signal output by the second subtracter and the adder circuit to obtain a phase sinusoidal signal;
the arc tangent circuit is used for obtaining a phase signal value according to the sine signal of the phase and the cosine signal of the phase.
3. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1 wherein the optical amplification module comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier connected to an input fiber.
4. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 3, wherein the input fiber is a single mode fiber.
5. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1, wherein the optical splitting module comprises a 1 x 4 optical splitter, and the output end of the 1 x 4 optical splitter is four polarization fiber heads.
6. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1, wherein a photodiode is further connected in series between the polarization analyzing module and the phase demodulating module.
7. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system of claim 1, wherein the polarization analyzing module comprises four channels.
8. The fiber optic polarization phase detection system according to claim 7, wherein the four channels of the polarization analyzing module are respectively provided with four polarizers, the optical axis direction of the first polarizer is parallel to the horizontal direction, the optical axis direction of the second polarizer is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, the angle between the optical axis direction of the third polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, the angle between the optical axis direction of the fourth polarizer and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, and the fourth polarizer is further adhered with 1/4 wave plates, and the direction of 1/4 wave plates is perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
9. An optical fiber polarization phase detection method, comprising:
amplifying an input optical signal transmitted from an input optical fiber;
equally dividing the amplified optical signals into four optical signals;
respectively carrying out horizontal polarization direction polarization detection, vertical polarization direction polarization detection, 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection and 45-degree polarization direction polarization detection added with 1/4 wave plates on the equally divided four paths of optical signals to obtain corresponding optical power values;
and calculating the Stokes parameters according to the corresponding light power values to further obtain orthogonal signals of the incident light phase, and then obtaining the phase value of the incident light through arc tangent calculation.
10. The optical fiber polarization phase detection method according to claim 9, wherein the stokes parameters include total light intensity, a horizontally linearly polarized light component, a 45 degree polarization direction linearly polarized light component, and a right-handed circularly polarized light component.
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