CN113944431A - Hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and auxiliary rock breaking method - Google Patents
Hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and auxiliary rock breaking method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113944431A CN113944431A CN202111562215.9A CN202111562215A CN113944431A CN 113944431 A CN113944431 A CN 113944431A CN 202111562215 A CN202111562215 A CN 202111562215A CN 113944431 A CN113944431 A CN 113944431A
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- drill bit
- nozzle
- rock breaking
- joint
- pdc
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and an auxiliary rock breaking method, wherein the hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit comprises the following steps: the drill bit comprises a joint (1) and a drill bit body (2) fixed on one side of the joint (1), wherein a central flow passage (3) is formed in the joint (1) and the drill bit body (2), a plurality of nozzle flow passages (11) are formed in the joint (1), the inner side ends of the nozzle flow passages (11) are communicated with the central flow passage (3), and driving nozzles are installed at the outer side ends of the nozzle flow passages (11); the whole nozzle flow channel (11) is obliquely arranged, the extending ends of the nozzle flow channel (11) are not in the same vertical plane or horizontal plane, a nozzle inclination angle A is formed between the extending ends of the nozzle flow channel (11) and the horizontal plane, and the nozzle inclination angle A is smaller than ninety degrees; the invention has the advantages of increasing the rock breaking torque and improving the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological drilling, in particular to a hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and an auxiliary rock breaking method.
Background
The PDC drill bit is a polycrystalline diamond compact drill bit for short, and is a drilling tool commonly used in the geological drilling industry. At present, the PDC drill bit is widely applied to geological exploration and oil-gas drilling, and the conventional PDC drill bit only utilizes the plough cutting action of the PDC composite sheet to break rock, so that the rock breaking is single. Along with the drilling well depth is deeper and deeper, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit, namely the mechanical drilling Rate (ROP) of the drill bit is particularly important for reducing the drilling cost, so the application artificially designs the hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit for improving the rock breaking efficiency of the PDC drill bit, namely the mechanical drilling rate of the drill bit.
In patent CN201520787063.6, a PDC drill bit guide nozzle is disclosed, which comprises a nozzle body, a through hole with a small upper end opening and a large lower end opening is provided inside the nozzle body; the line connecting the central point of the upper opening of the through hole and the central point of the lower opening of the through hole has an included angle with the axis of the nozzle body. The PDC drill bit guide nozzle is reasonable and compact in structure and convenient to use, the axis of the through hole is not coaxial with the axis of the nozzle body, a certain offset distance exists, after the PDC drill bit guide nozzle is installed on the PDC drill bit, the drilling fluid jet deviates an angle towards the outside of the drill bit after passing through the through hole, and drill cuttings crushed by the drill bit can be quickly carried away from the well bottom by the jet.
In patent CN201820971082.8, a PDC drill bit with passive rotary nozzles arranged on blades is disclosed, which comprises a drill bit body and fixed blades, wherein PDC teeth, water holes or fixed nozzles are arranged on the fixed blades, and the PDC drill bit is characterized in that: the hydraulic jet type rock breaking device is characterized in that at least one passive rotary nozzle is arranged on a blade of the drill bit, a nozzle hole is formed in the blade, the passive rotary nozzle is in rotary connection with the nozzle hole, the height difference d between the nozzle and the cutting contour line of the drill bit is greater than or equal to 0, namely d is greater than or equal to 0, a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump are arranged in the drill bit body, so that the hydraulic jet has higher instantaneous impact force, meanwhile, the area of the hydraulic jet is changed at any time, the hydraulic rock breaking range is widened, the drill bit breaks rock through coupling of two modes of cutting and stretching rock breaking through jet shearing and scraping of PDC teeth, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved, the utilization rate of hydraulic energy of the drill bit is improved, and therefore the comprehensive performance of the drill bit is improved.
In patent CN201310566211.7, a bottom negative pressure upward-returning nozzle PDC drill bit is disclosed, which comprises a PDC drill bit, blades arranged on the PDC drill bit, and a plurality of ordinary water channels inside the PDC drill bit, wherein a nozzle is arranged at a water outlet of the ordinary water channels. The arrangement of the upward return water channel and the upward return nozzle changes the water outlet direction of the PDC drill bit, the common water channel and the nozzle have the same structure as the conventional PDC drill bit, the upward return speed of rock debris is accelerated, the well wall falling block is prevented from falling on the PDC drill bit, the secondary crushing and abrasion of the PDC drill bit on the rock debris and the well wall falling block are reduced, the mechanical drilling speed of drilling is improved, the service life of the drilling is prolonged, and the water return channel is used for improving the upward return speed of the rock debris and cleaning the well bottom and is not used for enhancing broken rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a hydraulic auxiliary rock-breaking PDC drill bit and an auxiliary rock-breaking method, so that the defects are overcome.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hydraulically assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit, comprising:
the drill bit comprises a joint and a drill bit body fixed on one side of the joint, wherein a central flow passage is formed in the joint and the drill bit body, a plurality of nozzle flow passages are also formed in the joint, the inner side ends of the nozzle flow passages are communicated with the central flow passage, and driving nozzles are mounted at the outer side ends of the nozzle flow passages; the whole of nozzle runner is the slope setting, the extension end of nozzle runner is not in same vertical plane or horizontal plane, the extension end and the horizontal plane of nozzle runner have a nozzle inclination A, nozzle inclination A is less than ninety degrees.
Furthermore, the nozzle flow channel is divided into a connecting section and a flow channel section, the connecting section is used for communicating the flow channel section with the central flow channel, ninety degrees are formed between the connecting section and the flow channel section, the distance between the central plane of the flow channel section and the central plane of the central flow channel is offset S, and the length of the offset S is 25% -35% of the diameter of the joint.
Further, the inclination angle A of the nozzle is 30-60 degrees.
Furthermore, a plurality of blades are arranged on the outer side face of the drill bit body, a plurality of PDC cutting teeth and a plurality of rear drainage nozzles are arranged on the blades, and the rear drainage nozzles are communicated with the central flow passage through a first connecting flow passage.
Furthermore, the number of the rear water discharge nozzles is specifically set to be 2-6.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the mounting end of the joint is provided with connecting threads, and the outer side wall of the joint is also provided with a shackle plane.
Furthermore, a chip removal nozzle is arranged between every two adjacent blades and communicated with the central flow channel through a second connecting flow channel, and the chip removal nozzle is positioned on the end face of the outer side end of the drill bit body; and the two sections of connecting channels in the rear water discharge nozzle are connected through an arc-shaped surface.
Furthermore, one end of the blade is positioned on the circumferential side wall of the drill bit body, and the other end of the blade is positioned on the end face of the outer side end of the drill bit body.
Furthermore, a filter screen is arranged inside the central flow passage and is fixed in the drill bit body through bolts.
An auxiliary rock breaking method based on a hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit comprises the following steps:
step one, a plurality of nozzle flow channels which are obliquely arranged are arranged in a drill bit body, and then a driving nozzle is arranged outside the nozzle flow channels;
and step two, the PDC drill bit is installed on the output end of the power equipment, when the drill bit drills in the underground, the drilling fluid flowing out through the driving nozzle can have a recoil effect on the drill bit, so that the rock breaking torque is increased for the drill bit, and meanwhile, the flow guide of the drilling fluid is facilitated through the effect of the driving nozzle, the formation of vortex of the drilling fluid is reduced, the migration capacity of the drilling fluid to rock debris is accelerated, and the circulation efficiency of the drilling fluid is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and the auxiliary rock breaking method provided by the invention make full use of the drilling fluid, so that the torque required by the drill bit for rock breaking is increased, the hydraulic rock breaking effect is increased, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved under the condition that no equipment is added; the drill bit can have a recoil action on the drill bit through the drilling fluid flowing out of the driving nozzle, so that the rock breaking torque is increased for the drill bit, and meanwhile, the drilling fluid is favorably guided by the action of the driving nozzle, the formation of vortex of the drilling fluid is reduced, the migration capacity of the drilling fluid to rock debris is accelerated, and the circulation efficiency of the drilling fluid is improved; the rock breaking structure can be applied to a matrix drill bit and a steel body drill bit, a set of rock breaking structure can be added to the drill bit without increasing complex structural changes, rock is broken by matching with PDC cutting teeth, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the drill bit;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of the rear discharge nozzle.
In the figure, 1-joint, 11-nozzle flow channel, 12-connecting thread, 13-shackle plane, 2-drill bit body, 3-central flow channel, 4-blade, 5-PDC cutting tooth, 6-rear drainage nozzle, 61-first connecting flow channel, 7-chip removal nozzle and 8-filter screen.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a PDC drill bit for hydraulic assisted rock breaking includes a joint 1 and a drill bit body 2 fixed to one side of the joint 1, a central flow passage 3 is formed in the joint 1 and the drill bit body 2, a plurality of nozzle flow passages 11 are further formed in the joint 1, inner side ends of the nozzle flow passages 11 are communicated with the central flow passage 3, and driving nozzles are mounted at outer side ends of the nozzle flow passages 11; the whole of nozzle runner 11 is the slope setting, the extension end of nozzle runner 11 is not in same vertical plane or horizontal plane, the extension end of nozzle runner 11 has a nozzle inclination A with the horizontal plane, nozzle inclination A is less than ninety degrees.
The drilling fluid that flows through the drive nozzle can give a recoil effect for the drill bit to give the drill bit increase broken rock moment of torsion, the effect through the drive nozzle simultaneously is favorable to the drilling fluid water conservancy diversion, reduces the drilling fluid and forms the vortex, accelerates the migration ability of drilling fluid to the detritus, improves the circulation efficiency of drilling fluid.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the nozzle runner 11 is divided into a connecting section and a runner section, the connecting section is used for communicating the runner section with the central runner 3, ninety degrees are arranged between the connecting section and the runner section, the distance between the central plane of the runner section and the central plane of the central runner 3 is an offset S, and the length of the offset S is 25% of the diameter of the joint 1.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the nozzle inclination angle a is specifically 30 degrees.
In this embodiment, the size of offset S value is completely the size of drill bit joint 1 department diameter, is 25% of drill bit joint 1 department diameter usually, and nozzle runner 11 has a nozzle inclination angle a with the horizontal plane, and nozzle inclination angle a is 30 degrees and is favorable to the drilling fluid water conservancy diversion, reduces the drilling fluid and forms the vortex, accelerates the migration ability of drilling fluid to the detritus, improves the circulation efficiency of drilling fluid.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the outer side surface of the drill bit body 2 is provided with a plurality of blades 4, the blades 4 are provided with a plurality of PDC cutting teeth 5 and a plurality of rear drainage nozzles 6, and the rear drainage nozzles 6 are communicated with the central flow channel 3 through a first connecting flow channel 61.
In the embodiment, each blade 4 is provided with the rear drainage nozzles 6, all the rear drainage nozzles 6 are combined to form a good bottom hole cover, when the drill bit drills underground, high-speed drilling fluid is ejected through the rear drainage hydraulic nozzles 6 to damage rocks, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved, and the purpose of improving the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit is achieved.
In this embodiment, the rear drainage nozzle 6 is designed behind the PDC cutter 5, and the rear drainage nozzle 6 and the PDC cutter 5 may be designed in combination as a front row according to drillability in the formation.
In this embodiment, the rear drainage nozzle 6 and the driving nozzle are made of hard alloy materials, and diamond or other erosion-resistant materials can be used according to the pressure of the drilling fluid.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the number of the rear water discharge nozzles 6 is specifically set to 2.
The rear water discharge nozzles 6 are arranged in specific numbers according to the size of the drill bit and the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the outer surface of the mounting end of the joint 1 is provided with a connecting thread 12, and the outer side wall of the joint 1 is also provided with a shackle plane 13.
In the embodiment, the drill bit is convenient to be fixedly installed through the arrangement of the connecting threads 12 and the shackle plane 13.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: a chip removal nozzle 7 is arranged between every two adjacent blades 4, the chip removal nozzle 7 is communicated with the central flow channel 3 through a second connecting flow channel, and the chip removal nozzle 7 is positioned on the end face of the outer side end of the drill bit body 2; the two sections of connecting channels in the rear water discharge nozzle 6 are connected through an arc-shaped surface.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: one end of the blade 4 is positioned on the circumferential side wall of the drill bit body 2, and the other end of the blade is positioned on the end face of the outer side end of the drill bit body 2.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the filter screen 8 is arranged inside the central flow passage 3, and the filter screen 8 is fixed in the drill bit body 2 through bolts.
In this embodiment, the drilling fluid filters through filter screen 8 for avoid big granularity foreign matter to block up back drainage force nozzle 6.
The second embodiment and the present embodiment are different from the first embodiment in that:
the nozzle runner 11 is divided into a connecting section and a runner section, the connecting section is used for communicating the runner section with the central runner 3, ninety degrees are arranged between the connecting section and the runner section, the distance between the central plane of the runner section and the central plane of the central runner 3 is offset S, and the length of the offset S is 27% of the diameter of the joint 1.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the nozzle inclination angle a is specifically 50 degrees.
In this embodiment, the size of offset S value is completely the size of drill bit joint 1 department diameter, is usually 27% of drill bit joint 1 department diameter, and nozzle runner 11 has a nozzle inclination angle a with the horizontal plane, and nozzle inclination angle a is 50 degrees and is favorable to the drilling fluid water conservancy diversion, reduces the drilling fluid and forms the vortex, accelerates the migration ability of drilling fluid to the detritus, improves the circulation efficiency of drilling fluid.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the number of the rear water discharge nozzles 6 is specifically 4.
The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:
the embodiment is further configured as follows: the nozzle runner 11 is divided into a connecting section and a runner section, the connecting section is used for communicating the runner section with the central runner 3, ninety degrees are arranged between the connecting section and the runner section, the distance between the central plane of the runner section and the central plane of the central runner 3 is offset S, and the length of the offset S is 35% of the diameter of the joint 1.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the nozzle inclination angle a is specifically 60 degrees.
In this embodiment, the size of offset S value is completely the size of drill bit joint 1 department diameter, is 35% of drill bit joint 1 department diameter usually, and nozzle runner 11 has a nozzle inclination angle a with the horizontal plane, and nozzle inclination angle a is 60 degrees and is favorable to the drilling fluid water conservancy diversion, reduces the drilling fluid and forms the vortex, accelerates the migration ability of drilling fluid to the detritus, improves the circulation efficiency of drilling fluid.
The embodiment is further configured as follows: the number of the rear water discharge nozzles 6 is specifically 6.
The rear water discharge nozzles 6 are arranged in specific numbers according to the size of the drill bit and the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid.
An auxiliary rock breaking method based on a hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit comprises the following steps:
step one, a plurality of nozzle runners 11 which are obliquely arranged are arranged in a drill bit body 2, and then a driving nozzle is arranged outside the nozzle runners 11;
and step two, the PDC drill bit is installed on the output end of the power equipment, when the drill bit drills in the underground, the drilling fluid flowing out through the driving nozzle can have a recoil effect on the drill bit, so that the rock breaking torque is increased for the drill bit, and meanwhile, the flow guide of the drilling fluid is facilitated through the effect of the driving nozzle, the formation of vortex of the drilling fluid is reduced, the migration capacity of the drilling fluid to rock debris is accelerated, and the circulation efficiency of the drilling fluid is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, or orientations or positional relationships that are usually understood by those skilled in the art, and are used only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the equipment or the elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit, comprising:
the drill bit comprises a joint (1) and a drill bit body (2) fixed on one side of the joint (1), wherein a central flow passage (3) is formed in the joint (1) and the drill bit body (2), a plurality of nozzle flow passages (11) are formed in the joint (1), the inner side ends of the nozzle flow passages (11) are communicated with the central flow passage (3), and driving nozzles are installed at the outer side ends of the nozzle flow passages (11); the whole of nozzle runner (11) is the slope setting, the extension end of nozzle runner (11) is not in same vertical plane or horizontal plane, the extension end and the horizontal plane of nozzle runner (11) have a nozzle inclination angle A, nozzle inclination angle A is less than ninety degrees.
2. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the nozzle flow channel (11) is divided into a connecting section and a flow channel section, the connecting section is used for communicating the flow channel section with the central flow channel (3), ninety degrees are formed between the connecting section and the flow channel section, the distance between the central plane of the flow channel section and the central plane of the central flow channel (3) is an offset S, and the length of the offset S is 25% -35% of the diameter of the joint (1).
3. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle A of the nozzle is 30-60 degrees.
4. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the drill bit is characterized in that a plurality of blades (4) are arranged on the outer side face of the drill bit body (2), a plurality of PDC cutting teeth (5) and a plurality of rear drainage nozzles (6) are arranged on the blades (4), and the rear drainage nozzles (6) are communicated with the central flow channel (3) through a first connecting flow channel (61).
5. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 4, wherein: the number of the rear water discharge nozzles (6) is specifically 2-6.
6. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the mounting end of the joint (1) is provided with a connecting thread (12), and the outer side wall of the joint (1) is also provided with a shackle plane (13).
7. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 4, wherein: adjacent two install chip removal nozzle (7) between wing (4), chip removal nozzle (7) are connected the runner through the second and are linked together with center flow way (3), chip removal nozzle (7) are located the outside end face of drill bit body (2).
8. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 4, wherein: one end of the blade (4) is positioned on the circumferential side wall of the drill bit body (2), and the other end of the blade is positioned on the end face of the outer side end of the drill bit body (2); the two sections of connecting channels in the rear water discharge nozzle (6) are connected through an arc-shaped surface.
9. The hydraulic assisted rock breaking PDC drill bit of claim 1, wherein: the drill bit is characterized in that a filter screen (8) is arranged inside the central flow passage (3), and the filter screen (8) is fixed in the drill bit body (2) through bolts.
10. The method for assisting in breaking rock of the PDC drill bit for hydraulic assisted breaking rock of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
step one, a plurality of nozzle runners (11) which are obliquely arranged are arranged in a drill bit body (2), and then a driving nozzle is arranged outside the nozzle runners (11);
and step two, the PDC drill bit is installed on the output end of the power equipment, when the drill bit drills in the underground, the drilling fluid flowing out through the driving nozzle can have a recoil effect on the drill bit, so that the rock breaking torque is increased for the drill bit, and meanwhile, the flow guide of the drilling fluid is facilitated through the effect of the driving nozzle, the formation of vortex of the drilling fluid is reduced, the migration capacity of the drilling fluid to rock debris is accelerated, and the circulation efficiency of the drilling fluid is improved.
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| CN202111562215.9A CN113944431A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and auxiliary rock breaking method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111562215.9A CN113944431A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking PDC drill bit and auxiliary rock breaking method |
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| CN113944431A true CN113944431A (en) | 2022-01-18 |
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